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Health team for the elderly: a feasibility study for preventive home visits
- Berit Seiger Cronfalk, Astrid Fjell, Nina Carstens, Lars Malvin Kvinge Rosseland, Arvid Rongve, Dag-Helge Rönnevik, Åke Seiger, Knut Skaug, Karen Johanne Ugland Vae, Marianne Hauge Wennersberg, Anne-Marie Boström
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- Journal:
- Primary Health Care Research & Development / Volume 18 / Issue 3 / May 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 February 2017, pp. 242-252
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- Article
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The aim was to describe the development, utilization and feasibility of a model of preventive home visits, in an urban and a rural municipality in Norway.
BackgroundOlder people >65 years will rise significantly in coming years. Increased age is associated with risk of disability, illness and need for public health services. Preventive home visits is assumed to help older people to maintain their functional level longer, delaying disease and thus delaying the need for health care.
MethodDescriptive explorative design describing the development, utilization and feasibility of preventive home visits in two different settings. All 77-year-old persons living at home in an urban municipality and all 75 years and older in a rural municipality were invited to participate. A questionnaire including a substantial number of tests concerning; fall, nutrition, polypharmacy and cognitive impairment was used by Health Team Nurses as base for a risk assessment. Pilot studies were conducted to validate the questionnaire including an inter-rater reliability study of the risk assessment tool. A multiprofessional team, Health Team for the Elderly met each week to evaluate risk assessments and make recommendations to be sent to each respective general practitioner. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. In total, 167 persons (109 from the urban municipality and 58 from the rural municipality) participated, corresponding to 60% of the approached individuals. The mean time for the visits was 108 minutes (SD 20). Missing data were identified for; Do you feel safe in your municipality (17.5%) and Are you looking forward to ageing (11.4%). In total, 36 persons (21.7%) were identified with increased risk for developing illness. We suggest that a structured model of preventive home visits and collaboration between highly specialized health care professionals are important factors for reliable health promoting risk assessments of elderly home dwellers.
Chapter 6 - Energy and Economy
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- By Kurt Yeager, Electric Power Research Institute and Galvin Electricity Initiative, Felix Dayo, Triple “E” Systems Inc., Brian Fisher, BAEconomics, Roger Fouquet, Basque Centre for Climate Change, Asmerom Gilau, Triple “E” Systems Inc., Hans-Holger Rogner, International Atomic Energy Agency, Marianne Haug, University of Hohenheim, Richard Hosier, World Bank, Alan Miller, International Finance Corporation, Sabine Schnitteger, BAEconomics, Nora Lustig, Tulane University
- Global Energy Assessment Writing Team
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- Book:
- Global Energy Assessment
- Published online:
- 05 September 2012
- Print publication:
- 27 August 2012, pp 385-422
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Summary
Executive Summary
The three most basic drivers of energy demand are economic activity, population, and technology. Longer-term trends in economic growth for a particular economy depend on underlying demographic and productivity trends, which in turn reflect population growth, labor force participation rate, productivity growth, national savings rate, and capital accumulation (USEIA, 2011).
Several historic shifts are likely to fundamentally alter global demographics over the coming decades. First, as developing nations move from poverty to relative affluence, there is a fundamental shift from agriculture to more energy-intensive but much more productive commercial enterprises. Second, labor forces in the developed countries are aging considerably, which has implications on many fronts, including energy use and employment structures. Third, for the first time the majority of the world's population has become urbanized, with the largest urban centers emerging in developing regions where energy access is a serious constraint. All of these will have immense impacts on the level and quality of energy demand and on concerns about energy security.
Global energy security and sustainability in the twenty-first century will depend less on the total global population than on incomes and their distribution. This in turn will depend to a large extent on how effectively the lack of energy services, which now limit economic opportunities in the less developed regions, is addressed. In addition, energy security will depend on the ability of countries to maintain reliable sources of energy to meet their needs.