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Trafficking in hazardous waste is something that none of the existing international criminal tribunals have jurisdiction over. This chapter examines how the AU’s adoption of the Malabo Protocol seeks to improve upon the limitations of the international legal framework for regulating hazardous waste. This chapter illuminates an under-researched area and provides a robust analysis of the criminalization of trafficking in hazardous waste in Africa. The author argues that regional cooperation through the African Court of Justice and Human and Peoples’ Rights criminal tribunal might assist with more effective prosecution of toxic dumping incidents. This is especially so because the Malabo Protocol provides for corporate criminal liability, which presents a significant innovation for the field of international criminal justice.