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1 results

  • 9 - Postcolonial and learner Englishes in Southeast Asia: implications for international communication

  • from Part I - English in selected regional and national habitats with a glance at the role of outward-bound communication needs
  • Edited by Gerhard Leitner, Freie Universität Berlin, Azirah Hashim, Hans-Georg Wolf, Universität Potsdam, Germany
  • Book:
    Communicating with Asia
    Published online:
    05 January 2016
    Print publication:
    11 January 2016, pp 135-152

  • Summary

    Abstract

    This chapter compares two postcolonial varieties, Singapore English and Malaysian English, with a neighboring learner variety from Indonesia, all of which share Malay as a common substrate language. The comparative analysis reveals a common inventory of nonstandard features, albeit with differences such as features unique to a particular variety, or a wider range of realizations of a given feature in the learner variety. In terms of frequency, the learner variety displays higher levels of nonstandard morphology and syntax, even when accounting for register variation. The implications for communicating with Asia pertain to more predictable nonstandard features in the postcolonial varieties due to the relatively narrow range of realizations of features, as well as the ability of speakers of postcolonial varieties to accommodate their language production toward standard English, which is not the case for the Indonesian learners.