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This chapter aims to outline current knowledge concerning the genetic background of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its study in ancient human remains. This is demonstrated by the application of a palaeogenetic analysis to the mummy of the Tyrolean Iceman, who presented with both arterial calcifications and a strong genetic predisposition for heart disease. Further discussion highlights how the study of ancient humans can provide new insights into the genetic background of CVD and its intersection with risk factors related to lifestyle.
We define truncated displays over rings in which a prime $p$ is nilpotent, we associate crystals to truncated displays, and we define functors from truncated displays to truncated Barsotti–Tate groups.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed as a new treatment option for depression. Previous studies were performed with low sample sizes in single centres and reported heterogeneous results.
Aims
To investigate the efficacy of rTMS as augmentative treatment in depression.
Method
In a randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled multicentre trial 127 patients with moderate to severe depressive episodes were randomly assigned to real or sham stimulation for 3 weeks in addition to simultaneously initiated antidepressant medication.
Results
We found no difference in the responder rates of the real and the sham treatment groups (31% in each) or in the decrease of the scores on the depression rating scales.
Conclusions
The data do not support previous reports from smaller samples indicating an augmenting or accelerating antidepressant effect of rTMS. Further exploration of the possible efficacy of other stimulation protocols or within selected sub-populations of patients is necessary.
Let X/R be a smooth scheme over a ring R. Consider the category of locally free crystals of finite rank on the situs Crys(X/Wt(R)). We show that it is equivalent to the category of locally free -modules of finite rank endowed with a nilpotent, integrable de Rham-Witt connection. In the case where R is a perfect field this was shown by Etesse [E] and Bloch [Bl]. We use the result for a construction of the Gauß-Manin connection as a de Rham-Witt connection.
We construct a relative de Rham–Witt complex $W\varOmega^{\cdot}_{X/S}$ for a scheme $X$ over a base scheme $S$. It coincides with the complex defined by Illusie (Annls Sci. Ec. Norm. Super.12 (1979), 501–661) if $S$ is a perfect scheme of characteristic $p>0$. The hypercohomology of $W\varOmega^{\cdot}_{X/S}$ is compared to the crystalline cohomology if $X$ is smooth over $S$ and $p$ is nilpotent on $S$. We obtain the structure of a $3n$-display on the first crystalline cohomology group if $X$ is proper and smooth over $S$.