“Go west young man, go west and grow up with the country” (a famous quotation attributed to Horace Greely) tells the story of this chapter. Americans left the east coast to populate the territory as far as the Mississippi River and some parts beyond it. As immigration grew so did the effects it had on American English, though not always as scholars have thought about it. This chapter also describes the beginnings of Standard American English through the influence of Noah Webster.

Book 2 of the CPAE. Risings and settings. The division of the Zodiac. Analysis by the twelve zodiacal signs 1. The Crab (Cancer). The Lion (Leo). The Virgin (Virgo). The Claws (Libra). The Scorpion (Scorpio). The Archer (Sagittarius). Analysis by the twelve zodiacal Signs 2. The Horned Goat (Capricorn). The Water-Pourer (Aquarius). The Fishes (Pisces). The Ram (Aries). The Bull (Taurus). The Twins (Gemini). Risings and settings for latitude 36°. The risings of the northern constellations. The settings of the northern constellations.

This chapter will address the various peoples, polities, individuals, movements, and the social-political and economic conditions of Nigeria before the colonial era (1900). It will also go over the processes that spurred ongoing transformations in the complex patchwork of political, cultural, and religious entities that dominated what is known today as Nigeria. This chapter names five principal events as the primary catalysts for these transformations. They are the abolition of the slave trade and the switch to legitimate trade; the Sokoto Jihad; the decline and eventual collapse of the Old Oyo Empire; freed captives returning from Sierra Leone along with the arrival of missionaries; and the advent of colonial rule. These events would result in an environment of instability which gave way to new powers prompted by shifting demands from an increasingly industrialized and interconnected world. The chapter explores the social and economic shifts that resulted from these political changes and how these social and economic processes impacted the political changes in question. Finally, the chapter gives specific examples of lifestyle changes experienced by millions during this period, such as changes in clothing, religious practices, and diet.

Chapter 1 provides an analysis of the status and position of enslaved women during the eighteenth century. The daily and seasonal work of enslaved women determined the boundaries within which women had to resist their bondage and their opportunities to do so. This chapter provides a broad understanding of enslaved women’s labor in the Southern and Northern colonies as a basis from which to further examine enslaved women’s fugitivity in subsequent chapters. This chapter demonstrates the diversity in enslaved women’s experiences during the eighteenth century and the gendered resistance strategies they pursued to contest their bondage. Despite the limitations placed on enslaved women’s resistance, they were able to contest their bondage through the liminal spaces of slavery. This contestation had significant consequences for their mobility and the actions that they pursued as slavery became entrenched during the eighteenth century.