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1 results

  • 12 - Decision Making under Stress: Staying Ahead of Rapidly Changing Events and Making Difficult, Time-Critical Decisions

  • from Part III - Applications, Examples, and Selected Topics
  • Harvey J. Langholtz, William & Mary
  • Book:
    Making Decisions: Analytics, Cognition, and Application
    Published online:
    23 October 2025
    Print publication:
    06 November 2025, pp 167-182

  • Summary

    Stressful decisions are often unavoidable. We all face them eventually. There are situations where we are required to make a decision where life, limb, or fortunes may be at stake, we don’t have all the facts we need, and we have little time. This chapter examines both descriptive and prescriptive models for making decisions when the situation is urgent. The roles that experience and expertise play in making high-speed and high-stakes decisions are outlined. The chapter includes a review of the literature on decision making under stress and four features that are often present during decision making under stress: information overload, time pressure, complexity, and uncertainty. The recognition-primed decision (RPD) model proposed by Gary Klein (2017) is discussed, as well as the OODA loop (observe, orient, decide, act) model developed by Colonel John Boyd (1986).