This article provides a critical examination of the Moscow Mechanism, a rapid-response tool within the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Originally established in 1991 and rarely invoked during its first three decades of existence, the Mechanism has experienced a reinvigoration since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, having been triggered six times, four of which were in response to alleged violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law during the conflict. Drawing on the authors’ experience as experts in these four missions, the article offers a historical overview, explains the Mechanism’s procedural dynamics and assesses its unique features. Through a comprehensive analysis of its repeated use in respect of Ukraine, the article highlights both the strengths and limitations of the Moscow Mechanism, ultimately arguing that recent developments have revealed its full potential as an instrument for advancing international justice and accountability.
