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The 10-item Photo Manipulation Scale (P-MaS; McLean et al., 2015) measures the frequency to which a person manipulates (digitally edits) their own appearance within photos prior to sharing on social media or other online platforms. Photo editing practices may include changing the size or shape of body parts, removing skin blemishes, and applying filters, which are easily performed through readily available phone apps. The P-MaS can be administered online or in-person to adolescents and adults and is free to use. This chapter first discusses the development of the P-MaS and then provides evidence of its psychometrics. While mixed evidence for its unidimensionality has been observed, the authors recommend the calculation of a single total score. Internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and test-criterion validity support the use of the P-MaS. Next, this chapter provides the P-MaS items in their entirety, instructions for administering the P-MaS to participants, item response scale, and scoring procedure. Links to known translations are provided. Logistics of use, such as permissions, copyright, and contact information, are provided for readers.
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