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This chapter discusses the clinicopathologic features of a unique subgroup of aggressive B-cell lymphoma with plasmablastic morphology and immunophenotype, including plasmablastic lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, KSHV/HHV8-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma. The differential diagnosis among these entities and their key immunophenotypic features, particularly using multiparametric flow cytometric analysis, are compared and highlighted in detail. Differential diagnosis with other unrelated malignant neoplasms such as plasmablastic plasma cell myeloma, immunoblastic variant of DLBCL, non-hematopoietic neoplasms, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and several other benign and malignant diseases/conditions resembling diagnostic mimics and pitfalls are also discussed.
To report two cases of laryngeal plasmablastic lymphoma, a rare and relatively recently described form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It has not previously been described in the larynx, nor associated with upper airway obstruction.
Case reports:
We describe the clinicopathological features of two such cases in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients, and we discuss their unusual presentations and diagnostic features.
Conclusion:
When evaluating a laryngeal tumour, plasmablastic lymphoma and other non-Hodgkin's lymphomata should be considered as differential diagnoses, particularly in the setting of a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Biopsy with detailed histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation is recommended to ensure correct diagnosis and optimal management.
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