This work aims to address two main scientific objectives. First, it seeks to rigorously compare ice thickness estimates from GPR datasets with those derived from various modelling approaches. Second, it examines warm and cold ice areas identified by GPR in relation to 2D thermal modelling performed along selected profiles. The analyses focus on two nearby glaciers in Greenland, surveyed in different years (2014 and 2024) and seasons (August and February) and with different GPR antennas, namely 50 MHz unshielded and 100 MHz shielded. We found that global-scale ice thickness models provide relatively accurate volume estimates at regional scale, while they have limitations in local accuracy, as well as the ice thickness models, especially when the bedrock topography derived from GPR data is complex. 2D thermal modelling results were only partially consistent with warm and cold ice occurrence derived from GPR data, indicating the unique and complex thermal structures of polythermal glaciers with irregular shape and geometry. Due to the differences between the two surveys, we believe that the results are relevant not only to the specific test site, but also to a wider range of geographical and climatic conditions and may provide useful guidance for similar applications.

Results are presented of a diagenetic study from the 1300 m thick Oligocene Molasse deposits penetrated by the Thônex geothermal exploration well (Geneva, Switzerland). The x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of fine-grained rocks indicate the following diagenetic changes: a decrease of illite/smectite (US) expandability from approximately 90% to 30% with depth, a decrease of the amount of US in the clay mineral fraction, and the appearance of corrensite at depths >750 m. The transition from random US to ordered I/S occurs at the base of the Thônex well (1200 to 1300 m) and is associated with a coal rank of about 0.7% Rr (mean random vitrinite reflectance) corresponding to paleotemperatures of 110 to 115 °C Corrensite appears at a vitrinite reflectance value of 0.6% Rr and a corresponding paleotemperature of 100 °C. The amount of post-Molasse erosion is estimated to be approximately 2 km. Thermal history modeling of the Thônex well suggests maximum paleotemperatures of 80 to 115°C and an average paleogeothermal gradient of 27 °C/km during Late Miocene maximum burial conditions.

In order to limit the thermal gradient of plates during quenching and limit flatness issues, it is necessary to control the cooling. This control requires the knowledge of the cooling performances of the cooling device. This paper describes the equipments and procedure we developed for the on-line characterization of quenching. We illustrate the application of this methodology to the quench of Burns Harbor. After the austenitzing furnace, this quench is equipped with 3 cooling sections that have been characterized for several flow rates, for several speeds of plates and for the top and bottom sides of plates. Thanks to the collected data, heat fluxes have been calculated and correlations describing the cooling performances of the equipment have been built. These correlations have been implemented in a thermal model that gives the thermal state of a plate during cooling according to parameters like thickness of the plate, flow rates of the cooling sections, speed of the plate, and temperature after heating. Experimental and numerical results are discussed.

The present study deals with the thermal behavior of an electric motor used in navalpropulsion. A permanent three-dimensional model based on a nodal approach was developed topredict the thermal behavior of the machine in permanent state. The various heat transfermodes playing a role (mainly the conduction, the convection and the mass transfer) aretaken into account. The three dimensional developed model provides information (in termsof heat fluxes or temperatures) for the whole machine. A parametric study using this modelis carried out aiming at two objectives. The first one consists in an evaluation of theinfluence of several factors on the temperature distribution. The second one aims atobtaining the inception of the thermal optimization and evaluating the more efficientcooling techniques or solutions.