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In this chapter we discuss the energetic outflows from quasars, which achieve velocities 10–20% of the speed of light. BALs are quantified using the “balnicity index,” an imperfect measure of a complex phenomenon that includes variability, saturation, self-blending, and partial covering. BALs have several subclasses, including HiBALs, LoBALs, and mini-BALs. BAL evolution is not well understood and selected competing models are discussed. Associated narrow line absorption (NALs) can also be present with equally high velocities. Four subclasses of NALs are discussed but characterizing NALs is challenging. Variability, partial covering, and line locking can help their identification. Line locking, in particular, is described in detail as it is a key aspect of radiatively line-driven outflows. Efforts and challenges for determining the fraction of quasars with BALs and NALs are described. In this chapter, we also discuss the quasar CGM, including the proximity effect (both line-of-sight and transverse). The technique of quasars probing quasars (QPQs) is described as are the observed properties of the quasar CGM learned from QPQ experiments.
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