This Element explores the innovative integration of microlearning and generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in second-language education. Designed for language teachers, teacher trainers, and future educators, it offers research-informed insights and actionable strategies for designing learner-centred, technology-enhanced instruction. The Element introduces the evolution and applications of GenAI in language learning, examines its synergy with microlearning, and presents pedagogical frameworks rooted in SLA theory, cognitive load theory, and multimodal learning. Practical guidance is provided for designing, implementing, and evaluating AI-assisted microlearning tasks, focusing on interactivity, accessibility, and ethical use. The Element also explores GenAI's role in teacher professional development and considers future trends shaping language education. While celebrating the transformative potential of GenAI, it critically engages with the challenges and limitations of emerging technologies. Through a balanced blend of theory and practice, this Element equips educators with the knowledge and tools to navigate and harness the evolving AI-enhanced language learning landscape.