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Services preferential trade agreements (PTAs) have grown rapidly since the turn of the millennium, going from exception to common occurrence. In recent years, they have increasingly linked a number of larger economies. The chapter reviews the main innovations brought by PTAs in the global governance of services trade, and highlights some limits. The contribution of services PTAs is analysed along three key angles, against the background of the multilateral trading system: 1) market access commitments; 2) rulemaking; and 3) architecture and liberalisation modalities. While WTO+ market access commitments have been an important feature of services PTAs early on, progress on rulemaking has been modest. In terms of architecture, services PTAs have produced major advances in relation to liberalisation modalities, with negative-list agreements outnumbering the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)-type positive-list agreements. Recently, agreements between larger economies have been associated with several architectural innovations, moving away from the simple choice between the traditional positive and negative listing models. Overall, this has resulted in the extension of some of the key features of the negative-list approach to new countries and served to further emphasise, sometimes through innovative solutions, the importance of transparency of market access conditions across sectors and modes.
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