Psychoanalysis deals with individual and collective trauma, in relation to the unconscious reproduction of what has caused a psychic breakthrough for the subject and the group, with each aftermath re-semantising painful past experiences. Archaic fears and defence mechanisms are common to everyone before giving way to more evolved modes of functioning. Confrontation with major traumatic experiences can undo the symbolic capacities acquired during human development and plunge the subject and the group into archaic modes of functioning: projection of the bad object outside the group, splitting between an all-good self-image and an all-bad image of the other, and denial of the suffering of the outside group. This regressive logic traps the actors in a victimisation likely to lead to further violence or to maintain a climate of permanent threat. Working on the dual recognition of trauma means that the experiences are not hidden, that the point of view of the other (whether inside or outside the group) is integrated and that a narrative of the past that leaves room for internal and external polyphony is passed on to future generations. This leads to the expression of internal conflict within oneself and one’s community, rejecting a monolithic vision of identity and history.