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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 December 2010
In this chapter we focus on the construction of a model of everyday competence, differentiating between a basic level of competence (BaCo), defined mainly by self-care related activities, and an expanded level of competence (ExCo), reflecting mostly discretionary or optional activities such as leisure, social, and instrumental activities of daily living. Since BaCo encompasses highly automatized and routinized activities that are necessary for survival, it is thought to be predicted foremost by health-related resources. In contrast, ExCo encompasses activities that are based on individual preferences, skills, motivations, and interests, and therefore should be more dependent on psychosocial resources. To test this model, a multidimensional or multivariable assessment of the two components and their predictors is necessary. The Berlin Aging Study (BASE) provides such a context. The findings support the model: A total of 91% of the reliable variance in ExCo and 86% in BaCo can be explained by the predictors. Furthermore, all age-related variance in everyday competence is accounted for by these health-related and psychosocial predictors. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Introduction
Mastery of one's daily life and effective coping with daily demands are considered prerequisites for independent and autonomous living in old age. In the case of mastery, the person is said to be competent, specifically, to exhibit “everyday competence.”
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