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14 - Diversity, biogeography, and floristics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 August 2009

By
Robbin C. Moran
Edited by
Tom A. Ranker  and
Christopher H. Haufler
Robbin C. Moran
Affiliation:
The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
Tom A. Ranker
Affiliation:
University of Colorado, Boulder
Christopher H. Haufler
Affiliation:
University of Kansas
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Summary

Introduction

The biogeography of ferns and lycophytes can be studied from several points of view and with various methods. It might, for instance, examine the distribution of species on a single tree (Krömer and Kessler, 2006; Schuettpelz and Trapnell, 2006), or the frequency and abundance of species over large regions (Ruokolainen et al., 1997; Lwanga et al., 1998; Tuomisto et al., 2003; Jones et al., 2005; Tuomisto and Ruokolainen, 2005), or the relationships of species on different continents (e.g., Moran and Smith, 2001; Parris, 2001). Methods can be as varied as producing lists of plants growing on different soil types (e.g., Young and León, 1989; van der Werff, 1992), calculating the percentage of floristic similarity between different regions (Dzwonko and Kornás, 1978, 1994; Pichi Sermolli, 1979), or analyzing the phylogeny of a clade in relation to its geography and geological history (e.g., Geiger and Ranker, 2005; Hoot et al., 2006). These and other approaches have contributed to what is now an overwhelming amount of literature on the subject. To limit the subject for this chapter, three themes have been chosen: diversity, long-distance dispersal, and vicariance. After discussing these, a summary of the current state of floristics is given because biogeography is ultimately based on that subject.

Historical review

The earliest works on fern and lycophyte biogeography were mostly tabular summaries of the percentages and/or occurrences of species in different regions of the world (D'Urville, 1835; Baker, 1868; Lyell, 1879).

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Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes , pp. 367 - 394
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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