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10 - The scaling of spatial turnover: pruning the thicket

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2012

By
Kevin J. Gaston ,
Karl L. Evans  and
Jack J. Lennon
Edited by
David Storch ,
Pablo Marquet  and
James Brown
Kevin J. Gaston
Affiliation:
University of Sheffield
Karl L. Evans
Affiliation:
University of Sheffield
Jack J. Lennon
Affiliation:
The Macaulay Institute, Aberdeen
David Storch
Affiliation:
Charles University, Prague
Pablo Marquet
Affiliation:
Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
James Brown
Affiliation:
University of New Mexico
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Summary

Introduction

The level and pattern of spatial variation in the similarity (or dissimilarity) in composition of local or regional species assemblages is striking. Some pairs of areas have similar levels of richness but share no individual species in common (e.g. some local assemblages existing under similar environmental conditions on different continents), others have markedly different levels of richness but all the species in the less speciose area also occur in the other (e.g. some habitat patch or island systems), and there are all shades of patterns in between.

Such spatial turnover in species identities, or beta diversity (we will use the two terms interchangeably), lies at the heart of many important ecological issues and phenomena, including the magnitude of regional and global diversities, the determinants of those diversities, likely biotic responses to climate change, and the design of protected area networks (Cody, 1986; Magurran, 1988, 2004; Harrison, Ross & Lawton, 1992; Harrison, 1993; Oliver, Beattie & York, 1998; Groves, 2003; Koleff, Gaston & Lennon, 2003a). And yet, historically, spatial turnover has received notably less attention than has spatial variation in raw species numbers (i.e. species richness).

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Scaling Biodiversity , pp. 181 - 222
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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