Hostname: page-component-5db58dd55d-xnzfm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-05-27T21:06:04.281Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Molecular and morphological characterization of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) from Chilean vineyards

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2012

M.C.G. Correa ,
J-F. Germain ,
T. Malausa  and
T. Zaviezo
M.C.G. Correa*
Affiliation:
Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306-22, Santiago, Chile
J-F. Germain
Affiliation:
ANSES, Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
T. Malausa
Affiliation:
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR ISA INRA/UNSA/CNRS, Equipe BPI 400, route des Chappes, BP 167, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France
T. Zaviezo
Affiliation:
Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306-22, Santiago, Chile
*
*Author for correspondence Fax: +56-2-5534130 E-mail: macorre1@uc.cl
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Mealybugs are major pests of grapevines worldwide. They cause economic losses by lowering the cosmetic value of fruits, reducing yields, transmitting viruses and resulting in the quarantine or rejection of produce in international trade. Knowledge of the species present in a vineyard is important for the adjustment of management strategies. We surveyed and accurately characterized the mealybugs infesting vineyards in one of the main production areas of Chile; 164 mealybugs were sampled from 26 vineyards in four regions of Chile and identified by DNA sequencing for two markers (cytochrome oxidase I and internal transcribed spacer 2) and morphological examination. Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) was the most common species, followed by Pseudococcus meridionalis Prado and Pseudococcus cribata González. Molecular variability at the COI and ITS2 loci was observed in both P. viburni and P. cribata. A comparison of haplotypes of P. viburni worldwide provides support for a recent hypothesis that this species is native to South America, a finding with direct consequences for management. Neither Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni & Tozzetti) nor Planococcus ficus Signoret were found.

Keywords

molecular identificationDNA sequencingDNA barcodingCO1PseudococcusHemiptera

Information

Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 102 , Issue 5 , October 2012 , pp. 524 - 530
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Abd-Rabou, S., Shalaby, H., Germain, J.-F., Ris, N., Kreiter, P. & Malausa, T. (2012) Identification of mealybug pest species (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Egypt and France, using a DNA barcoding approach. Bulletin of Entomological Research 102, this issue: doi: 10.1017/S0007485312000041.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Artigas, J.N. (1994) Entomología económica, Insectos de interés agrícola, forestal, medico y veterinario, vol. I. Concepción, Chile, Ediciones Universidad de Concepción.Google Scholar
Bandelt, H.-J., Forster, P. & Röhl, A. (1999) Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution 16, 37–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beltrà, A., Soto, A. & Malausa, T. (2012) Molecular and morphological characterisation of Pseudococcidae surveyed on crops and ornamental plants in Spain. Bulletin of Entomological Research 102, doi: 10.1017/S0007485311000514.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D.R. & Gibson, G.A.P. (2010) ScaleNet, Scales in a Family/Genus Query Results. Available online at http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/scalecgi/chklist.exe?Family=Pseudococcidae&genus (accessed 31 August 2011).Google Scholar
Bentley, W.J., Varela, L.G., Zalom, F.G., Smith, R.J., Purcell, A.H., Phillips, P.A., Haviland, D.R., Daane, K.M. & Battany, M.C. (2008) Insects and Mites. UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Grape. UC ANR publication 3448. Available online at: http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/selectnewpest.grapes.html (accessed 20 September 2011).Google Scholar
Beuning, L.L., Murphy, P., Wu, E., Batchelor, T.A. & Morris, B.A.M. (1999) Molecular-based approach to the differentiation of mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) species. Journal of Economic Entomology 92, 463–472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cavalieri, V., Mazzeo, G., Garzia, G.T., Buonocore, E. & Russo, A. (2008) Identification of Planococcus ficus and Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) by PCR-RFLP of COI gene. Zootaxa 1816, 65–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charles, J. (2010) Using parasitoids to infer a native range for the obscure mealybug, Pseudococcus viburni, in South America. BioControl 56, 155–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charles, J., Froud, K. & Henderson, R. (2000) Morphological variation and mating compatibility within the mealybugs Pseudococcus calceolariae and P. similans (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and a new synonymy. Systematic Entomology 25, 285–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chong, J.-H. & Oetting, R.D. (2007) Specificity of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope and Leptomastix dactylopii for six mealybug species. BioControl 52, 289–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Correa, M., Aguirre, C., Germain, J.-F., Hinrichsen, P., Zaviezo, T., Malausa, T. & Prado, E. (2011) A new species of Pseudococcus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) belonging to the ‘Pseudococcus maritimus’ complex from Chile: molecular and morphological description. Zootaxa 2926, 46–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, J. (1983) An experimental study of morphological variation in mealybugs (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae). Systematic Entomology 8, 361–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daane, K.M., Cooper, M.L., Triapitsyn, S.V., Andrews, J.W. Jr & Ripa, R. (2008a) Parasitoids of obscure mealybug, Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) (Hem.: Pseudococcidae) in California vineyards: establishment of Pseudaphycus flavidulus (Brèthes) (Hym.: Encyrtidae) and discussion of reared parasitoid species. BioControl Science and Technology 18, 43–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daane, K.M., Cooper, M.L., Triapitsyn, S.V., Walton, V.M., Yokota, G.Y., Haviland, D.R., Bentley, W.J., Godfrey, K.E. & Wunderlich, L.R. (2008b) Vineyard managers and researchers seek sustainable solutions for mealybugs, a changing pest complex. California Agriculture 62, 167–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daane, K.M., Almeida, R.P.P., Bell, V.A., Botton, M., Fallahzadeh, M., Mani, M., Miano, J.L., Sforza, R., Walton, V.M. & Zaviezo, T. Biology and Management of Mealybugs in Vineyards. in Bostanian, N.J., Isaacs, R. & Vincent, C. (Eds) Arthropod Management in Vineyards. Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Springer, in press.Google Scholar
Demontis, M.A., Ortu, S., Cocco, A., Lentini, A. & Migheli, Q. (2007) Diagnostic markers for Planococcus ficus (Signoret) and Planococcus citri (Risso) by random amplification of polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction and species-specific mitochondrial DNA primers. Journal of Applied Entomology 131, 59–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglas, N. & Krüger, K. (2008) Transmission efficiency of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (glrav-3) by the mealybugs Planococcus ficus and Pseudococcus longispinus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). European Journal of Plant Pathology 122, 207–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Downie, D.A. & Gullan, P.J. (2004) Phylogenetic analysis of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) based on DNA sequences from three nuclear genes, and a review of the higher classification. Systematic Entomology 29, 238–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geiger, C.A. & Daane, K.M. (2001) Seasonal movement and distribution of the grape mealybug (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae): developing a sampling program for San Joaquin Valley vineyards. Journal of Economic Entomology 94, 291–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gimpel, W.F. & Miller, D.R. (1996) Systematic analysis of the mealybugs in the Pseudococcus maritimus complex (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Contributions on Entomology International 2, 1–163.Google Scholar
Golino, D.A., Sim, S., Rill, R. & Rowhani, A. (1999) Four species of California mealybugs can transmit leafroll disease. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 50, 367–368.Google Scholar
González, R.H. (2003a) Chanchitos blancos de importancia agrícola y cuarentenaria, en huertos frutales de Chile (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Revista Frutícola (Chile) 24, 5–17.Google Scholar
González, R.H. (2003b) Manejo cuarentenario de chanchitos blancos de pomáceas en Chile (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Revista Frutícola (Chile) 24, 89–98.Google Scholar
González, R.H. (2011) Pseudocóccidos de importancia Frutícola en Chile. Publicaciones en Ciencias Agrícolas N° 18. Ediciones Universidad de Chile.Google Scholar
González, R.H. & Volosky, C.F. (2004) Chanchitos blancos y polillas de la fruta: Problemas cuarentenarios de la fruticultura de exportación. Revista Frutícola (Chile) 25, 41–62.Google Scholar
Gullan, P. & Kosztarab, M. (1997) Adaptations in scale insects. Annual Review of Entomology 42, 23–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gullan, P.J., Downie, D.A. & Steffan, S.A. (2003) A new pest species of the mealybug genus Ferrisia fullaway (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) from the United States. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 96, 723–737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposiums Series 41, 95–98.Google Scholar
Hardy, N.B., Gullan, P.J. & Hodgson, C.J. (2008) A subfamily-level classification of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) based on integrated molecular and morphological data. Systematic Entomology 33, 51–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malausa, T., Fenis, A., Warot, S., Germain, J.-F., Ris, N., Prado, E., Botton, M., Vanlerberghe-Masutti, F., Sforza, R., Cruaud, C., Couloux, A. & Kreiter, P. (2011) DNA markers to disentangle complexes of cryptic taxa in mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 135, 142–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millar, I.M. (2002) Mealybug genera (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) of South Africa: identification and review. African Entomology 10, 185–233.Google Scholar
Millar, J.G., Daane, K.M., McElfresh, J.S., Moreira, J.A., Malakar-Kuenen, R., Guillen, M. & Bentley, W.J. (2002) Development and optimization of methods for using sex pheromone for monitoring the mealybug Planococcus ficus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in California vineyards. Journal of Economic Entomology 4, 706–714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, D.R., Miller, G.L., Hodges, G.S. & Davidson, J.A. (2005) Introduced scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the United States and their impact on US agriculture. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 107, 123–158.Google Scholar
Moore, D. (1988) Agents used for biological control of mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). Biocontrol News and Information 9, 209–225.Google Scholar
ODEPA (2010) Oficina de estudios y estadísticas Agropecuarias, Gobierno de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Available online at http://www.odepa.gob.cl (accessed 20 July 2010).Google Scholar
Park, D.S., Suh, S.J., Hebert, P.D.N., Oh, H.W. & Hong, K.J. (2011) DNA barcodes for two scale insect families, mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and armored scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 101, 429–434.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ripa, S.R. & Luppichini, P. (2010) Manejo de Plagas de la Vid. Colección Libros INIA N° 26. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (Chile). INIA. La Cruz, Chile.Google Scholar
Rung, A., Scheffer, S.J., Evans, G. & Miller, D. (2007) Molecular identification of two closely related species of mealybugs of the genus Planococcus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 3, 525–532.Google Scholar
Saccaggi, D.L., Krüger, K. & Pietersen, G. (2008) A multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous identification of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 98, 27–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SAG (Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero - Chile) (2009–2010) Exportaciones Agrícolas. Available online at http://www.sag.cl (accessed 20 September 2011).Google Scholar
Sazo, L., Araya, J. & de la Cerda, J. (2008) Effect of a siliconate coadjuvant and insecticides in the control of mealybug of grapevines, Pseudococcus viburni (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Ciencia e Investigacion Agraria 35, 215–222.Google Scholar
Varela, L. (2006) Which mealybug is it? Why should you care? Practical Winery and Vineyard January–February 2006, 1–6.Google Scholar
Williams, D.J. (2004) Mealybugs of Southern Asia. London, UK, The Natural History Museum & Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Southdene SDN, BHD.Google Scholar
Williams, D.J. & Granara de Willink, M.C. (1992) Mealybugs of Central and South America. London, UK, CAB International.Google Scholar
Zaviezo, T. (2002) Manejo integrado del chanchito blanco en viñedos. Tópicos de Actualización en Viticultura y Enología. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología y Centro del Vino, CEVIUC. Santiago, Chile.Google Scholar
Zaviezo, T., Cadena, E., Flores, M. F. & Bergmann, J. (2010) Influence of different plant substrates on development and reproduction for laboratory rearing of Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Ciencia e Investigación Agraria 37, 31–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Correa supplementary material

Figure.doc

Download Correa supplementary material(File)
File 112.6 KB