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Biotic mortality factors affecting emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) are highly dependent on life stage and host tree crown condition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2015

D.E. Jennings ,
J.J. Duan  and
P.M. Shrewsbury
D.E. Jennings*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
J.J. Duan
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduction Unit, Newark, DE 19713, USA
P.M. Shrewsbury
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
*
* Author for correspondence Phone: 301-405-3635 Fax: 301-314-9290 E-mail: david.e.jennings@gmail.com
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Abstract

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, is a serious invasive forest pest in North America responsible for killing tens to hundreds of millions of ash trees since it was accidentally introduced in the 1990s. Although host-plant resistance and natural enemies are known to be important sources of mortality for EAB in Asia, less is known about the importance of different sources of mortality at recently colonized sites in the invaded range of EAB, and how these relate to host tree crown condition. To further our understanding of EAB population dynamics, we used a large-scale field experiment and life-table analyses to quantify the fates of EAB larvae and the relative importance of different biotic mortality factors at 12 recently colonized sites in Maryland. We found that the fates of larvae were highly dependent on EAB life stage and host tree crown condition. In relatively healthy trees (i.e., with a low EAB infestation) and for early instars, host tree resistance was the most important mortality factor. Conversely, in more unhealthy trees (i.e., with a moderate to high EAB infestation) and for later instars, parasitism and predation were the major sources of mortality. Life-table analyses also indicated how the lack of sufficient levels of host tree resistance and natural enemies contribute to rapid population growth of EAB at recently colonized sites. Our findings provide further evidence of the mechanisms by which EAB has been able to successfully establish and spread in North America.

Keywords

EABforest insectlife tablesparasitoidspredationtree resistance

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Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 105 , Issue 5 , October 2015 , pp. 598 - 606
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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