¹ Rosovsky, Henry, “Japan's Transition to Economic Growth, 1868–1885,” in Industrialization in Two Systems, edited by Rosovsky, Henry (New York, 1966), 93.Google Scholar

² Ohkawa, Kazushi, et al., The Growth Rate of the Japanese Economy Since 1878 (Tokyo, 1958), chap. 5.Google Scholar

³ Taira, Koji, “Characteristics of Japanese Labor Markets,” Economic Development and Cultural Change (January 1962).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁴ For this period's labor policy, see Sumiya, Mikio, Nihon chinrōdōshi ron (A Tract on the History of Wage Labor in Japan), (Tokyo, 1955), 301–325.Google Scholar See also Marshall, Byron K., Capitalism and Nationalism in Prewar Japan (Stanford, Calif., 1967)Google Scholar, chap. 4.

⁵ Saito, Kashiro, La protection ouvrière au Japon (Paris, 1900), 33–34.Google Scholar

⁶ Quoted in Sumiya, Nihon chinrōdōshi ron, 319.

⁷ For a detailed description of how the council was constituted, see Metji bunka shiryō sōsho (cited hereafter as MBSS), (A Compendium of Meiji Cultural Materials), (Tokyo, 1961), I, 6–16.

⁸ For the proceedings of the first session of the council, see MBSS, 19–57.

⁹ Ibid., 46–47.

¹⁰ ibid., 48–49.

¹¹ Ibid., 55–56.

¹² For an additional commentary on some of these entrepreneurs, see Taira, Koji, “The Dynamics of Industrial Relations in Early Japanese Development,” Labor Law Journal (July, 1962)Google Scholar; and Yamamura, Kozo, “The Founding of Mitsubishi: A Case Study in Japanese Business History,” Business History Review XLI (Summer, 1967)Google Scholar, and “A Re-examination of Entrepreneurship in Meiji Japan (1868–1912),” Economic History Review XXI (April 1968).

¹³ Based on the recollections of En Kanai, one of the most active members of the third session. See Nihon rōdō undō shiryō (cited hereafter as NRUS), (Historical Materials on the Labor Movement in Japan), (Tokyo, 1968), III, 179.

¹⁴ This may be considered as a subset of the “new generation” discussed by Pyle, Kenneth B., The New Generation in Meiji Japan (Stanford, 1969).Google Scholar

¹⁵ For the proceedings of the third session, see MBSS, 61–185. For Taguchi's statement, see Ibid., 181–83. Taguchi is given special attention here for his importance in Pyle's “new generation.” See Pyle, New Generation in Meiji Japan, 87–91.

¹⁶ MBSS, especially 116–23.

¹⁷ Ibid., 118.

¹⁸ Ibid., 146–48.

¹⁹ Compiled under the supervision of Takao Tsuchiya (Tokyo, 1947).

²⁰ NRUS (Tokyo, 1962), I, 647–48.

²¹ Tsuchiya, Takao, Zaibatsu o kizuita hitobito (Zaibatsu Builders), (Tokyo, 1955), 104–114.Google Scholar

²² For details of management practices by Shōda and others mentioned in this article, see Nihon rōmu kanri nenshi (Chronicles of Work Force Management in Japan), (Tokyo, 1964), vol. II, pt. I. See also Taira, Koji, Industrial Revolution and Factory Labor in Japan (Memorandum No. 82, mimeographed), (Research Center in Economic Growth, Stanford, 1969).Google Scholar

²³ Tsuchiya, Takao, Zoku nihon keiei rinenshi (A History of Management Ideals in Japan, Continued), (Tokyo, 1967), II, chap. 3.Google Scholar

²⁴ MBSS, 92–93.

²⁵ Tsuchiya, Zoku nihon keiei rinenshi, III, chap. 2.

²⁶ Quoted from The New Testament in Modern English, translated by Phillips, J. B. (New York, 1958), 159.Google Scholar

²⁷ Tsuchiya, Zoku nihon keiei rinenshi, III, chap. 3. See also Tanaka, Hiroshi, Kanebō, to keiretsu (Kanebo and Related Firms), (Tokyo, 1958)Google Scholar, chaps. 3 and 4; Kinukawa, Taichi, Honpō menshi bōsekishi (A History of Cotton Textiles in Japan), (Tokyo, 1939)Google Scholar, IV, chap. 13; Irimajri, Yoshinaga, Mutō Sanji (Tokyo, 1964).Google Scholar

²⁸ For kuqaku, see Dore, R. P., “Mobility, Equality, and Individuation in Modern Japan,” in Dore, R. P. (ed.), Aspects of Social Change in Modern Japan (Princeton, 1967), 134–36.Google Scholar

²⁹ Hattori, Shisō (ed.), Kindai nihon jinbutsu keizaishi (A Biographical Economic History of Modern Japan), (Tokyo, 1955), 284–89.Google Scholar

³⁰ For the history of Japan's public assistance, see Taira, Koji, “Public Assistance in Japan,” Journal of Asian Studies (November 1967).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

³¹ Tsuchiya, Zoku nihon keiei rinenshi, III, chap. 4.

³² Ibid., 264.

³³ Ibid., chap. 5. See also Kinukawa, Honpo menshi bōsekishi (1941), V, chap. 2.

³⁴ Pyle. New Generation in Meiji Japan, 200.

³⁵ Tsuchiya, Zoku nihon keiei rinenshi, 355–56.

³⁶ Ayusawa, Iwao F., A History of Labor in Modern Japan (Honolulu, 1966), chap. IVGoogle Scholar; Taira, Koji, Economic Development and the Labor Market in Japan (New York, forthcoming), chap. VI.Google Scholar

³⁷ Yoshino, Michael Y., Japan's Managerial System (Cambridge, Mass., 1968).Google Scholar