Hostname: page-component-6766d58669-bp2c4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-05-15T09:30:47.342Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

STUDIES ON THE ARTHROPOD FAUNA OF ALFALFA: VI. PLANT BUGS (MIRIDAE)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

A. G. Wheeler Jr.
A. G. Wheeler Jr.
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The food habits and biologies of the Miridae, or plant bugs, were studied during research on the arthropod fauna associated with alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., at Ithaca, N.Y., from 1966 to 1969. Seasonal history, population trends, and natural enemies are summarized for the following species found breeding on alfalfa: Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze), A. rapidus (Say), Lopidea marginalis (Reuter), Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), Plagiognathus chrysanthemi (Wolff), and P. politus Uhler. Field observations of predation and scavenging by mirids are reported, including feeding on the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris); potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris); and alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal). The most common sources of animal food on the plants were Hylemya flies killed by fungus, and pea aphid mummies containing pupae of aphidiine wasps. It is concluded that utilization of some animal food on their host plants is a common phenomenon among the Miridae.

Information

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 106 , Issue 12 , December 1974 , pp. 1267 - 1275
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1974

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Arrand, J. C. 1960. Liocoris spp. collected on alfalfa in central and northern British Columb. Proc. ent. Soc. Brit. Columb. 57: 60.Google Scholar
Beyer, A. H. 1921. Garden flea-hopper in alfalfa and its control. U. S. Dep. Agric. Bull. 964. 27 pp.Google Scholar
Craig, C. H. 1961. Chemical control of Liocoris spp., Adelphocoris spp. and Plagiognathus medicagus Arrand (Hemiptera:Miridae) in northern alfalfa seed fields. Can. J. Pl. Sci. 41: 166–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craig, C. H. 1963. The alfalfa plant bug, Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) in northern Saskatchewan. Can. Ent. 95: 6–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curtis, C. E. and McCoy, C. E.. 1964. Some host-plant preferences shown by Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera:Miridae) in the laboratory. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 57: 511–513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dean, G. A. and Smith, R. C.. 1935. Insects injurious to alfalfa in Kansas. 29th bien. Rep. Kans. St. Bd Agric.: 202–249.Google Scholar
Dempster, J. P. 1964. The feeding habits of the Miridae (Heteroptera) living on broom (Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) Wimm.). Ent. exp. appl. 7: 149–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorsey, C. K. 1967. Experimental control of insect pests of alfalfa in West Virginia, other than the alfalfa weevil, 1959–64. W. Va Univ. agric. Exp. Stn Bull. 549T. 39 pp.Google Scholar
Fenton, F. A. 1954–1956 (unpub.). List of arthropods collected in alfalfa, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 1954–1956.Google Scholar
Goddard, W. H. 1935. A record of the Hemiptera Heteroptera at the Imperial College Biological Field Station, Slough, Bucks, with notes on their food. Trans. Soc. Br. Ent. 2: 47–67.Google Scholar
Guppy, J. C. 1956. Insect surveys of clovers, alfalfa, and birdsfoot trefoil in eastern Ontario. M.S. Thesis, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y.57 pp.Google Scholar
Guppy, J. C. 1963. Observations on the biology of Plagiognathus chrysanthemi (Hemiptera:Miridae), a pest of birdsfoot trefoil in Ontario. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 56: 804–809.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gutierrez, A. P. and van den Bosch, R.. 1970. Studies on host selection and host specificity of the aphid hyperparasite Charips victrix (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). 1. Review of hyperparasitism and the field ecology of Charips victrix. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 63: 1345–1354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holdsworth, R. P. Jr., 1968. Integrated control: effect on European red mite and its more important predators. J. econ. Ent. 61: 1602–1607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, J. H. 1943. The alfalfa plant bug Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) and other Miridae (Hemiptera) in relation to alfalfa-seed production in Minnesota. U. Minn. agric. Exp. Stn Tech. Bull. 161. 80 pp.Google Scholar
Jennings, F. B. 1903. Miscellaneous notes on British Heteroptera. Entomologist's mon. Mag. 39: 69–70.Google Scholar
Kelton, L. A. 1965. Chlamydatus Curtis in North America (Hemiptera: Miridae). Can. Ent. 97: 1132–1144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knight, H. H. 1922. Nearctic records for species of Miridae known heretofore only from the Palaearctic region (Heterop.). Can. Ent. 53: 280–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knight, H. H. 1941. The plant bugs, or Miridae, of Illinois. Bull. Ill. St. nat. Hist. Surv., No. 22.Google Scholar
Knowlton, G. F. 1932. The beet leafhopper in northern Utah. Utah agric. Exp. Stn Bull. 234 (Tech.). 64 pp.Google Scholar
Leonard, M. D. 1915. The immature stages of Plagiognathus politus Uhler and Campylomma verbasci Herrick-Schaeffer (Capsidae, Hemiptera). Jl N.Y. ent. Soc. 23: 193–196.Google Scholar
LeRoux, E. J. 1960. Effects of “modified” and “commercial” spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Quebec. Ann. Soc. ent. Queb. 6: 87–121.Google Scholar
Leston, D. 1952. Oncotylus viridiflavus Goeze (Hem., Miridae) and its food-plant, knapweed. Entomologist 85: 19–21.Google Scholar
Lilly, C. E. 1958. Observations on predation by the plant bug Liocoris borealis Kelton (Hemiptera:Miridae). Can. Ent. 90: 420–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindquist, R. K. and Sorensen, E. L.. 1970. Interrelationships among aphids, tarnished plant bugs, and alfalfas. J. econ. Ent. 63: 192–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipsey, R. L. 1970. The hosts of Neurocolpus nubilus (Say), the clouded plant bug (Hemiptera, Miridae). Ent. News 81: 213–219.Google Scholar
Morley, C. 1916. Garden notes. Entomologist 49: 246–248.Google Scholar
Neunzig, H. H. and Gyrisco, G. G.. 1955. Some insects injurious to birdsfoot trefoil in New York. J. econ. Ent. 48: 447–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otten, E. 1956. Heteroptera, Wanzen, Halbflügler, pp. 1–149. In Blunck, H. (Ed.), Tierische Schädlinge an Nutzpflanzen. 2. Teil. Sorauer, P. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten. 5 Band, 5 Auflage, 3 Lieferung. Paul Parey, Berlin and Hamburg.Google Scholar
Pimentel, D. and. Wheeler, A. G. Jr., 1973. Influence of alfalfa resistance on a pea aphid population and its associated parasites, predators, and competitors. Environ. Ent. 2: 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radcliffe, E. B. and Barnes, D. K.. 1970. Alfalfa plant bug injury and evidence of plant resistance in alfalfa. J. econ. Ent. 63: 1995–1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riley, C. V. 1872. Fourth annual report of the noxious, beneficial, and other insects of the State of Missouri. Missouri Board Agric.Google Scholar
Smith, B. D. 1966. Effects of parasites and predators on a natural population of the aphid Acyrthosiphon spartii (Koch) on broom (Sarothamnus scoparius L.). J. Anim. Ecol. 35: 255–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorenson, C. J. 1932. Insects in relation to alfalfa-seed production. Utah agric. Exp. Stn Circ. 98. 28 pp.Google Scholar
Stary, P. 1966. Aphid parasites of Czechoslovakia. Academia, Prague.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stary, P. 1970. Biology of aphid parasites (Hymenoptera:Aphidiidae) with respect to integrated control. Junk, The Hague.Google Scholar
Stear, J. R. 1925. Three mirids predaceous on the rose leaf-hopper on apple. J. econ. Ent. 18: 633–636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, F. C., French, G. T., and Wilson, J. K.. 1908. Troubles of alfalfa in New York. N.Y. agric. Exp. Stn Bull. 305. pp. 331–416.Google Scholar
Stitt, L. L. 1940. Three species of the genus Lygus and their relation to alfalfa seed production in southern Arizona and California. U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 741. 19 pp.Google Scholar
Taksdal, G. 1963. Ecology of plant resistance to the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 56: 69–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wheeler, A. G. Jr., 1971. Studies on arthropod fauna of alfalfa. Insect feeding on Hylemya flies (Diptera:Anthomyiidae) killed by a phycomycosis. Jl N.Y. ent. Soc. 79: 225–227.Google Scholar
Wheeler, A. G. Jr., 1972. Studies on the arthropod fauna of alfalfa. III. Infection of the alfalfa plant bug, Adelphocoris lineolatus (Hemiptera:Miridae) by the fungus Entomophthora erupta. Can. Ent. 104: 1763–1766.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wheeler, A. G. Jr., Hayes, J. T., and Stephens, J. L.. 1968. Insect predators of mummified pea aphids. Can. Ent. 100: 221–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar