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Sinuous stromatolites of the Chandi Formation, Chattisgarh Basin, India: their origin and implications for Mesoproterozoic seawater

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 September 2021

Mirosław Słowakiewicz Open the ORCID record for Mirosław Słowakiewicz [Opens in a new window] ,
Amlan Banerjee Open the ORCID record for Amlan Banerjee [Opens in a new window] ,
Sarbani Patranabis-Deb ,
Gautam Kumar Deb  and
Maurice E. Tucker
Mirosław Słowakiewicz*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan Federal University, Kremlovskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
Amlan Banerjee
Affiliation:
Geological Studies Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, India
Sarbani Patranabis-Deb
Affiliation:
Geological Studies Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, India
Gautam Kumar Deb
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
Maurice E. Tucker
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK
*
Author for correspondence: Mirosław Słowakiewicz, Email: m.slowakiewicz@uw.edu.pl
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Abstract

Remnants of some of the planet’s most ancient life forms, stromatolites in the late Mesoproterozoic sea of the Chattisgarh Basin, India, preserve a conspicuous sinuous pattern. They occur as successive biostromes, 10–30 cm thick, separated by 2–5-cm-thick marly layers and discrete bioherms up to several metres thick and 20 m across. Stromatolite columns in the Chandi Formation are 5–10 cm high, sinuous, inclined and straight, with both branched and non-branched types. These stromatolites are composed of calcite micrite and show well defined light and dark laminae with evidence of erosion between lamina sets. The column sinuosity probably originated as a response to changes in direction and strength of currents. Successive flat beds of stromatolite (biostromes), separated by marl/clay horizons, impart a rhythmic pattern to the succession. The Chandi sinuous stromatolite columns resemble those occurring in China, North America and Siberia, of a comparable age, suggesting that similar marine conditions of stromatolite formation might have been operating in the late Mesoproterozoic seas worldwide. However, the petrographic and sedimentological analyses of these stromatolites indicate their development through in situ production of carbonate with some trapping and binding of detrital sediment. As a result of the presence of terrigenous material within the stromatolites, whole-rock geochemical analyses for trace elements and rare earth elements cannot be used for interpretation of seawater chemistry and the redox conditions at the time.

Keywords

sinuous stromatolitesredoxtrace elementsChandi FormationMesoproterozoic seawater

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Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 159 , Issue 2: Mesoproterozoic Basins recording Earth’s Middle Age , February 2022 , pp. 279 - 292
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© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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