Hostname: page-component-6766d58669-7cz98 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-05-17T17:59:04.175Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Thermal expansion of nepheline-kalsilite crystalline solutions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

G. L. Hovis ,
J. Crelling ,
D. Wattles ,
B. Dreibelbis ,
A. Dennison ,
M. Keohane  and
S. Brennan
G. L. Hovis
Affiliation:
Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042, USA
J. Crelling
Affiliation:
Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
D. Wattles
Affiliation:
GZA GeoEnvironmental, Incorporated, One Edgewater Drive, Norwood, MA 02062, USA
B. Dreibelbis
Affiliation:
McLane Environmental, LLC, 707 Alexander Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
A. Dennison
Affiliation:
ENSCO Incorporated, 5400 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA22151, USA
M. Keohane
Affiliation:
ENSCO Incorporated, 5400 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA22151, USA
S. Brennan
Affiliation:
ENSCO Incorporated, 5400 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA22151, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Eleven nepheline-kalsilite crystalline solutions with various proportions of K:Na have been studied from room temperature to 1050/11500C by X-ray powder diffraction. Nepheline expansion is relatively high and little affected by composition, whereas kalsilite expansion is lower but affected to a significant degree by K:Na ratio. The generally higher rate of expansion in nepheline is apparently related to the collapse of the tetrahedral framework around the smaller of its two alkali sites. Occupancy of these sites by the relatively small Na ion fürther extends the potential for thermal vibration before the structure is stretched to the critical degree required for phase transformation. Once the structure changes to that of kalsilite, with its single alkali site, an increase in content of the larger K ion limits the degree to which kalsilite can expand. Crucial to the overall expansion behaviour of these minerals are the specific tetrahedral configurations of nepheline vs. kalsilite, the number and geometry of their alkali sites, the occupancies of those sites, and the flexibility inherent in each structure that allows for adjustment with increasing temperature.

Keywords

nepheline-kalsiliteexpansionfeldspar.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 67 , Issue 3 , June 2003 , pp. 535 - 546
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Benedetti, E., De Gennaro, M. and Franco, E. (1977) Primo rinvenimento in natura de tetrakalsilite. Rendiconti Accademia Nazionale Lincei Series VIII, 62, 835—838.Google Scholar
Buerger, M.J., Klein, G.E. and Donnay, G. (1954) Determination of the crystal structure of nepheline. American Mineralogist, 39, 805—818.Google Scholar
Carpenter, M.A. and Cellai, D. (1996) Microstructures and high-temperature phase transitions in kalsilite. American Mineralogist, 81, 561—584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Courbion, G. and Ferey, G. (1988) Na2Ca3Al2p 14: A new example of a structure with ‘independent F–’–A new method of comparison between fluorides and oxides of different formula. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 76, 426—431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Dombal, R.F. and Carpenter, M.A. (1993) High- temperature phase transitions in Steinbach tridymite. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5, 607—622.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dollase, W.A. and Freeborn, W.P. (1977) The structure of KAlSiO4 with P63mc symmetry. American Mineralogist, 62, 336—340.Google Scholar
Dollase, W.A. andPeacor, D.R. (1971) Si-Al ordering in nepheline. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 30, 129—134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dollase, W.A. and Thomas, W.M. (1978) The crystal chemistry of silica-rich, alkali-deficient nepheline. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 66 , 311–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donnay, G., Schairer, J.F. and Donnay, J.D.H. (1959) Nepheline solid solutions. Mineralogical Magazine, 32, 93—109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evain, M., Deniard, P., Jouanneaux, A. and Brec, R. (1993) Potential of the INEL X-ray position- sensitive detector. A general study of the Debye- Scherrer setting. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 26, 563—569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hahn, T. and Buerger, M.J. (1955) The detailed structure of nepheline, KNa3Al4Si4O16. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 106, 308—338.Google Scholar
Hamilton, D.L. and Henderson, C.M.B. (1968) The preparation of silicate composition by a gelling method. Mineralogical Magazine, 36, 832—838.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henderson, C.M.B. and Roux, J. (1976) The thermal expansions and crystallographic transformations of some synthetic nephelines. Pp. 60–69 in: Progress in Experimental Petrology (Biggar, G.M., editor). NERC Report 3, NERC, UK.Google Scholar
Henderson, C.M.B. and Roux, J. (1977) Inversions in sub-potassic nephelines. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 61, 279—298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henderson, C.M.B. and Taylor, D. (1982) The structural behavior of the nepheline family: (1) Sr and Ba aluminates (MAl2O4). Mineralogical Magazine, 45, 111—127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henderson, C.M.B. and Taylor, D. (1988) The structural behavior of the nepheline family: (3) Thermal expansion of kalsilite. Mineralogical Magazine, 52, 708—711.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hippler, B., and Bohm, H. (1989) Structure investigation of sodium nephelines. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 187, 39—53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, T.J.B. and Redfern, S.A.T. (1997) Unit-cell refinement: Changing the dependent variable, and use of regression diagnostics. Mineralogical Magazine, 61, 65—77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hovis, G.L. and Crelling, J.A. (2000) The effects of excess silicon on immiscibility in the nepheline- kalsilite system. American Journal of Science, 300, 238—249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hovis, G. L. and Graeme-Barber, A. (1997) Volumes of K-Na mixing for low albite-microcline crystalline solutions at elevated temperature: A test of regular solution thermodynamic models. American Mineralogist, 82, 158—164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hovis, G.L. and Roux, J. (1993) Thermodynamic mixing properties of nepheline-kalsilite crystalline solutions. American Journal of Science, 293, 1108—1127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hovis, G.L. and Roux, J. (1999) Thermodynamics of excess silicon in nepheline and kalsilite crystalline solutions. European Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 815—827.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hovis, G.L., Spearing, D.R., Stebbins, J., Roux, J. and Clare, A. (1992) X-ray powder diffraction and 23Na, 27Al, and 29Si MAS-NMR investigation of nephe- line-kalsilite crystalline solutions. American Mineralogist, 77, 19—29.Google Scholar
Hovis, G.L., Brennan, S., Keohane, M. and Crelling, J. (1999) High-temperature X-ray investigation of sanidine-analbite crystalline solutions. Thermal expansion, phase transitions, and volumes of mixing. The Canadian Mineralogist, 37, 701—709.Google Scholar
Kawahara, A., Andou, Y., Marumo, F. and Okuno, M. (1987) The crystal structure of high temperature form of kalsilite (KAlSi〇4) at 950°C. Mineralogical Journal, 13, 260—270.Google Scholar
Merlino, S. (1984) Feldspathoids: their average and real structures. Pp. 435–470 in: Feldspars and Feldspathoids (Brown, W.L., editor). Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parrish, W. (1953) X-ray reflection angle tables for several standards. Technical Report No. 68 , Philips Laboratories Incorporated, Irvington on Hudson, New York.Google Scholar
Perrotta, A.J. and Smith, J.V. (1965) The crystal structure of kalsilite KAlSiO4 . Mineralogical Magazine, 35, 588—595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roux, J. and Volfinger, M. (1996) Mesures precises a l’aide d’;un detecteur courbe. Journal de Physique IV, 6, colloque C4, 127—134.Google Scholar
Sahama, Th.G. (1962) Perthite-like exsolution in the nepheline–kalsilite system. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 43, 168—179.Google Scholar
Salje, E.K.H., Graeme-Barber, A. and Carpenter, M.A. (1993) Lattice parameters, spontaneous strain and phase transitions in Pb3 (PO4)2 . Acta Crystallographica, B49, 387—392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stebbins, J.F., Murdoch, J.B., Carmichael, I.S.E. and Pines, A. (1986) Defects and short-range order in nephe lin e group m inera ls: a silicon-29 nuc lear m agnetic resonance study. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 13, 371—381.Google Scholar
Tuttle, O.F. and Smith, J.V. (1958) The nephe lin e–kalsilite system: II. Phase relations. American Journal of Science, 256, 571—589.CrossRefGoogle Scholar