Hostname: page-component-68c7f8b79f-m9hx9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-01-19T01:04:57.169Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Participatory Democracy? Exploring Peru’s Efforts to Engage Civil Society in Local Governance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Stephanie McNulty
Stephanie McNulty*
Affiliation:
Franklin and Marshall College. stephanie.mcnulty@fandm.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

As institutions are created to engage citizens and civil society organizations more directly, who participates, and what effect does participation have? This article explores two of Peru’s participatory institutions, the Regional Coordination Councils and the participatory budgets, created in 2002. Specifically it asks, once these institutions are set up, do organizations participate in them? and what effect does this participation have on the organizations? The data show that the participatory processes in Peru are including new voices in decisionmaking, but this inclusion has limits. Limited inclusion has, in turn, led to limited changes specifically in nongovernmental organizations. As a result, the democratizing potential of the participatory institutions is evident yet not fully realized.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Latin American Politics and Society , Volume 55 , Issue 3 , Fall 2013 , pp. 69 - 92
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Abers, Rebecca. 1998. From Clientelism to Cooperation: Local Government, Participatory Policy, and Civic Organizing in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Politics and Society 26, 4: 511–37.Google Scholar
Abers, Rebecca. 2000. Inventing Local Democracy: Grassroots Politics in Brazil. Boulder : Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
Arroyo, Juan, and Irigoyen, Marina. 2005. Desafíos de la democracia participativa local en la descentralización. Lima : CARE Perú.Google Scholar
Avritzer, Leonardo. 2002. Democracy and the Public Sphere in Latin America. Princeton : Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Avritzer, Leonardo. 2007. Sociedade civil, instituições participativas e representação: da autorização à legitimidade da ação. Dados 50: 443–64.Google Scholar
Avritzer, Leonardo. 2009. Participatory Institutions in Democratic Brazil. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Avritzer, Leonardo. 2010. Las instituciones participativas en el Brasil democrático. Xalapa : Biblioteca Universidad Veracruzana.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baiocchi, Gianpaolo. 2003a. Emergent Public Spheres: Talking Politics in Participatory Governance. American Sociological Review 68, 1: 52–75.Google Scholar
Baiocchi, Gianpaolo. 2003b. Participation, Activism, and Politics: the Porto Alegre Experiment. In Fung and Wright 2003a. 45–76.Google Scholar
Baiocchi, Gianpaolo. 2005. Militants and Citizens: The Politics of Participatory Democracy in Porto Alegre. Stanford : Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baiocchi, Gianpaolo, Heller, Patrick, and Silva, Marcelo K.. 2011. Bootstrapping Democracy: Transforming Local Governance and Civil Society in Brazil. Stanford : Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Barber, Benjamin. 1984. Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age. Berkeley : University of California Press.Google Scholar
Beaumont, Martin. 2005. Civicus Country Profile: Peru. http://www.civicus.org/content/Peru.htm. Accessed April 21, 2005.Google Scholar
Castiglione, Dario, and Warren, Mark E.. 2006. Rethinking Democratic Representation: Eight Theoretical Issues. Paper presented at the conference Rethinking Democratic Representation, Centre for the Study of Democratic Institutions, University of British Columbia, May 18–19.Google Scholar
Coehlo, Vera Schattan R.P., and Nobre, Marcos, eds. 2004. Participação e deliberação: teoria democrática e experiências institucionais no Brasil contemporâneo. São Paulo : 34 Letras.Google Scholar
Conaghan, Catherine. 2005. Fujimori’s Peru: Deception in the Public Sphere. Pittsburgh : University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Cornwall, Andrea, and Coehlo, Vera Schattan. 2007. Spaces for Change? The Politics of Citizen Participation in New Democratic Arenas. London : Zed Books.Google Scholar
Defensoría, del Pueblo. 2003. Descentralización y buen gobierno: compendio de normas. Lima : Defensoría del Pueblo.Google Scholar
del Pueblo, Defensoría. 2006. Segundo reporte sobre elección de representantes de la sociedad civil ante los Consejos de Coordinación (CCR) para el período 2005–2007. Lima : Defensoría del Pueblo.Google Scholar
Dewachter, Sara, and Molenaers, Nadia. 2011. Who Takes a Seat at the pro-Poor Table? Civil Society Participation in the Honduran Poverty Reduction Strategy. Latin American Research Review 46, 3: 112–32.Google Scholar
Driscoll, Ruth, and Evans, Alison. 2005. Second-Generation Poverty Reduction Strategies: New Opportunities and Emerging Issues. Development Policy Review 23, 1: 5–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fung, Archon. 2004. Empowered Participation. Princeton : Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Fung, Archon, and Wright, Erik Olin, eds. 2003a. Deepening Democracy: Institutional Innovations in Empowered Participatory Governance. The Real Utopias Project IV. London : Verso.Google Scholar
Fung, Archon, and Wright, Erik Olin, eds. 2003b. Thinking about Empowered Participatory Governance. In Fung and Wright 2003a. 3–42.Google Scholar
Goldfrank, Benjamin. 2007a. The Politics of Deepening Local Democracy: Decentralization, Party Institutionalization, and Participation. Comparative Politics 39, 2: 147–68.Google Scholar
Goldfrank, Benjamin. 2007b. Lessons from Latin America’s Experience with Participatory Budgeting. In Participatory Budgeting, ed. Shah, Anwar. Washington, DC : World Bank. 91–126.Google Scholar
Goldfrank, Benjamin. 2011. Deepening Local Democracy in Latin America: Participation, Decentralization, and the Left. University Park : Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Grazia, Grazia de, and de Torres Ribeiro, Ana Clara. 2002. Orçamento participativo no Brasil. São Paulo : Editora Vozes.Google Scholar
Gret, Marion, and Sintomer, Yves. 2005. The Porto Alegre Experiment: Learning Lessons for a Better Democracy. London : Zed Books.Google Scholar
Grupo Propuesta Ciudadana. 2009. Presupuesto Participativo: Boletín de Vigilancia #2. Lima : Grupo Propuesta Ciudadana. http://www.descentralizacion.org.pe/vigilaperu-gobiernosregionales.shtml. Accessed November 1, 2010.Google Scholar
Grupo Propuesta Ciudadana. 2007. Vigilancia del proceso de descentralización. Reporte Nacional 11. Lima : Grupo Propuesta Ciudadana.Google Scholar
Gurza Lavalle, Adrián, Houtzager, Peter P., and Castello, Graziela. 2006. Political Representation and Civil Organisations: New Forms of Mediation and the Challenges for Legitimacy. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 21, 60: 43–66.Google Scholar
Heller, Patrick. 2001. Moving the State: the Politics of Decentralization in Kerala, South Africa, and Porto Alegre. Politics and Society 29, 1: 131–63.Google Scholar
Isaac, T. M. Thomas, and Heller, Patrick. 2003. Democracy and Development: Decentralized Planning in Kerala. In Fung and Wright 2003a. 77–110.Google Scholar
Kenney, Charles. 2004. Fujimori’s Coup and the Breakdown of Democracy in Latin America. Notre Dame : University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Laserna, Roberto. 2009. Decentralization, Local Initiatives, and Citizenship in Bolivia. In Selee and Peruzzotti 2009. 126–55.Google Scholar
Laserna, Roberto, Ortego, Jesús, and Chacon, Douglas. 2005. Conflictos sociolaborales en Bolivia. La Paz : Organization of American States.Google Scholar
Lazarus, Joel. 2008. Participation in Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: Reviewing the past, Assessing the Present and Predicting the Future. Third World Quarterly 29, 6: 1205–21.Google Scholar
López Follega, José Luis, Paz, Walter Melgar, and Balbín Díaz, Doris. 1995. La concertación en la gestión ambiental urbana: la experiencia de Ilo. Lima : Asociación Civil Labor.Google Scholar
Márquez Calvo, Jaime, and Távara, Gerardo Castillo. 2010. Participación ciudadana y buen gobierno. Lima : Mesa de Concertación para la Lucha Contra la Pobreza.Google Scholar
McClintock, Cynthia. 1993. Peru’s Fujimori: a Caudillo Derails Democracy. Current History 92, 572 (March): 112–19.Google Scholar
McNulty, Stephanie. 2011. Voice and Vote: Decentralization and Participation in Post-Fujimori Peru. Stanford : Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Mesa de Concertación para la Lucha Contra la Pobreza (MCLCP). 2007. I. Informe nacional de monitoreo: resultados del proceso participativo. Lima : MCLCP. http://www.mesadeconcertacion.org.pe/contenido.php?pid=87. Accessed December 12, 2009.Google Scholar
Mesa de Concertación para la Lucha Contra la Pobreza (MCLCP). 2010. Diagnóstico sobre los actores involucrados en el proceso del presupuesto participativo 2009. In Las regiones y provincias priorizadas por el proyecto. Draft document. Lima : MCLCP.Google Scholar
Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF). 2010. Instructivo 001-2010-Ef-76.01. http://www.mef.gob.pe/NORLEGAL/../2010/RD007_2010EF7601.pdf. Accessed September 13, 2010.Google Scholar
Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF). n.d. Website. http://presupuesto-participativo.mef.gob.pe/app_pp/db_distedit.php.Google Scholar
Moehler, Devra. 2008. Distrusting Democrats: Outcomes of Participatory Constitution Making. Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Nylen, William. 2002. Testing the Empowerment Thesis: the Participatory Budget in Belo Horizonte and Betim. Comparative Politics 34, 2: 127–45.Google Scholar
Nylen, William. 2003. Participatory Democracy Versus Elitist Democracy: Lessons from Brazil. New York : Palgrave.Google Scholar
Pateman, Carol. 1970. Participation and Democratic Theory. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Peruzzotti, Enrique, and Selee, Andrew. 2009. Participatory Innovation and Representative Democracy in Latin America. In Selee and Peruzzotti 2009. 1–16.Google Scholar
Portocarrero, Felipe, Sanborn, Cynthia, Cueva, Hanny, and Millán, Armando. 2002. Más allá del individualismo: el tercer sector en el Perú. Lima : Universidad del Pacífico.Google Scholar
ProDescentralización (PRODES). 2010. Participación y descentralización: percepciones y expectativas ciudadanas. Evaluación rápida de campo. Report. Lima : PRODES.Google Scholar
Huaroto, Ramírez, Ling, Beatriz May. 2009. El reto de formalizarse: enseñanzas recogidas de los procesos de formalización de organizaciones sociales de base promovidas por el CMP Flora Tristán. Lima : Centro de la Mujer Peruana Flora Tristán.Google Scholar
Rao, Vijayendra, and Sanyal, Paromita. 2010. Dignity through Discourse: Poverty and the Culture of Deliberation in Indian Village Democracies. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 629: 146–72.Google Scholar
Remy, María Isabel. 2005. Los múltiples campos de la participación ciudadana en el Perú. Lima : Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.Google Scholar
Schmitter, Philippe. 1974. Still the Century of Corporatism. World Politics 36, 1: 85–131.Google Scholar
Selee, Andrew. 2009. An Alternative to Clientelism? Participatory Innovation in Mexico. In Selee and Peruzzotti 2009. 62–88.Google Scholar
Selee, Andrew, and Peruzzotti, Enrique, eds. 2009. Participatory Innovation and Representative Democracy in Latin America. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Shack, Nelson. 2006. Presupuestar en Perú. Santiago : Naciones Unidas.Google Scholar
Stephan, Mark. 2004. Citizens as Representatives: Bridging the Democratic Theory Divides. Politics and Policy 32, 1: 118–35.Google Scholar
United States Agency for International Development (USAID). 2000. USAID’s Experience in Decentralization and Democratic Local Governance. Report. Washington, DC : USAID.Google Scholar
Van Cott, Donna. 2008. Radical Democracy in the Andes. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wampler, Brian. 2007a. Participatory Budgeting in Brazil: Contestation, Cooperation, and Accountability. University Park : Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Wampler, Brian. 2007b. Can Participatory Institutions Promote Pluralism? Mobilizing Low-Income Citizens in Brazil. Studies in Comparative International Development 41, 4: 57–78.Google Scholar
Wampler, Brian. 2007c. A Guide to Participatory Budgeting. In Participatory Budgeting, ed. Shah, Anwar. Washington, DC : World Bank. 21–54.Google Scholar
Wampler, Brian. 2008. When Does Participatory Democracy Deepen the Quality of Democracy? Lessons from Brazil. Comparative Politics 41, 1: 61–81.Google Scholar
Wampler, Brian, and Avritzer, Leonardo. 2004. Participatory Publics: Civil Society and New Institutions in Democratic Brazil. Comparative Politics 36, 3: 291–312.Google Scholar
World Bank. 2002. Participation in Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers: A Retrospective Study. Washington, DC : Participation and Civic Engagement Group, World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank. 2008. Brazil: Toward a More Inclusive and Effective Participatory Budget in Porto Alegre. Report 40144-BR. Washington, DC : World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank. 2010. Peru: evaluación del presupuesto participativo y su relación con el presupuesto por resultados. Washington, DC : World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank. Participation and Civic Engagement Group. n.d. Website. http://go.world-bank.org/FMRAMWVYV0. Accessed January 15, 2010.Google Scholar
Zas Friz Burga, Johnny. 2004. La insistencia de la voluntad: el actual proceso peruano de descentralización política y sus antecedentes inmediatos (1980–2004). Lima : Defensoría del Pueblo.Google Scholar