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This textbook builds up General Relativity in a modern way that shows the marvellous unity in physics. Einstein's gravity can be understood as the theory of matter interacting with a massless spin-2 particle (the graviton), just as electromagnetism is the theory of charges interacting with a massless spin-1 particle (the photon). Starting with scalar gravity and electromagnetism, General Relativity is developed step by step, highlighting all the key ideas and equations. The text develops many applications of enduring interest, including solar-system effects and cosmological expansion, as well as important cutting-edge topics such as black hole imaging and gravitational wave detection. In-chapter exercises and end-chapter problems allow readers to test their understanding, with selected solutions available to instructors online. The textbook provides essential material for the beginning – and experienced – physicist or astronomer interested in modern developments in gravitation, astrophysics and cosmology, and their connections to particle physics and fundamental physics.
Addressing not only inter-state dispute settlement but also the settlement of disputes involving non-State actors, The Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes offers a clear and systematic overview of the procedures for dispute settlement in international law. It covers both diplomatic and legal means of international dispute settlement, focusing on the interaction between the two categories of dispute settlement means. In particular, the book thoroughly examines the law and practice of the International Court of Justice, International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, and inter-State arbitration. It also addresses the settlement of international environmental disputes, which is increasingly important in the international community, and the WTO dispute settlement system. The 2nd edition has been updated by adding new cases and materials to address the latest developments in the field, including the ICJ, ITLOS, WTO, and the United Nations.
This classic textbook, thoroughly revised and updated for its third edition, introduces the basic methods of computational physics. Clear, concise and practical, the new edition includes an additional chapter on machine learning and is supported with sample programs in Python. First, readers are presented with the numerical techniques that every computational scientist should have in their toolbox, including approximation of functions, numerical calculus, differential and partial differential equations, spectral analysis, linear algebra and matrix operations. The author then provides self-contained introductions to the research areas of molecular dynamics, fluid dynamics, Monte Carlo simulations, genetic algorithms and machine learning. Important concepts are illustrated with relevant examples, and each chapter concludes with a selection of exercises. Suitable for upper-division undergraduate to graduate courses on computational physics and scientific computing, this book is also a useful resource for anyone interested in using computation to solve scientific problems.
How does brain activity give rise to sleep, dreams, learning, memory, and language? Do drugs like cocaine and heroin tap into the same neurochemical systems that evolved for life's natural rewards? What are the powerful new tools of molecular biology that are revolutionizing neuroscience? This second edition undergraduate text explores the relationship between brain, mind, and behavior. It clears away the extraneous detail that so often impedes learning, and describes critical concepts step by step, in straightforward language. Rich illustrations and thought-provoking review questions further illuminate the relationship between biological, behavioral, and mental phenomena. With focused, engaged writing, even the more challenging topics of neurotransmission and neuroplasticity become enjoyable to learn. This streamlined text includes all key information, allowing readers to remain focused and enjoy the feeling of mastery that comes from a grounded understanding of a topic, from its fundamentals to its implications.
This textbook offers a foundational overview of cognitive psychology, balancing accessible writing, practical applications, and research. By incorporating biological perspectives throughout, the authors provide a concise introduction to human cognition and its evolution over time as a means of adapting to our environment. Chapters cover key topics including cognitive neuroscience, attention and consciousness, perception, memory, knowledge representation, language, problem-solving and creativity, decision-making and reasoning, cognitive development, and intelligence. This seventh edition also introduces new content on human intelligence, consolidated into a final chapter. With its 'from lab to life' approach, the authors provide thorough coverage of theory, lab, and field research, while continually highlighting real-world applications to everyday life.
Thoroughly revised and updated, the second edition of Goldsmith's Wireless Communications retains its unique balance of theory, design techniques, and analytical tools to provide readers with an unrivalled introduction to the core principles of wireless system design. Including over 80 worked examples and over 300 end-of-chapter problems, it is an ideal text for senior undergraduate and graduate-level study, and an invaluable reference for academics and professionals in wireless communications. This edition includes new discussion of key techniques and technologies including mm-Wave systems, massive MIMO, intelligent surfaces, LDPC and polar codes, turbo and deep learning equalization, full duplex systems, OTFS, NOMA, HetNets, and cloud radio access networks; an updated overview of state-of-the-art wireless systems and paradigms, including current cellular, Wi-Fi, satellite, and ad-hoc networks, fixed wireless access, cognitive radio, and underlay systems; refreshed coverage of the latest standards in cellular, Wi-Fi, and short-range networks; and over 25 new multi-part end-of-chapter problems.
Introducing the kinetics of phase transformations, in a manner that is relevant to all materials, from polymers and ceramics to metals and electronic materials. It builds up from simple discussions of interfaces to the complex primary phase transformations used to create engineering materials, and introduces students to real-world industry tools, including materials databases and CALPHAD-based codes. All assumptions are clearly stated, and all derivations presented in full, allowing students to focus on core concepts and the implications of results, and it is accompanied by 125 end-of-chapter homework problems, Python code examples, and solutions for instructors. Culminating with a discussion of transformation rates that synthesizes concepts presented throughout the text, including three example capstone projects, this is the ideal introduction for senior undergraduate and graduate students studying phase transformations.
Building on its critical and optimistic approach, the fully revised second edition of this textbook utilizes international relations theory and coverage of key historical events to give students a comprehensive, unbiased understanding of international politics backed by up-to-date research. Broad in scope, the book covers topics ranging from leadership and warfare to terrorism and global environmental threats. New to this edition is in-depth coverage of the Russo-Ukraine War and the Israel, Palestine, and Middle East Wars, and up-to-date context is added throughout with the inclusion of issues such as the Covid-19 pandemic and Brexit. The text is enhanced by box features and 'Close Up' sections providing further information, and 'Critical Case Studies' highlighting complex historical and current affairs. Through the evaluation of past and contemporary real-world issues and institutions, this textbook provides students of political science and international relations with the tools they need to think critically about global politics.
Aimed at undergraduate students, this text guides readers through the methods and principles of machine learning in an approachable manner without sacrificing mathematical precision or notation. Step-by-step explanations allow students to grasp complicated mathematical calculations and translate the theory and mathematics into programming and applications. The text presents machine learning concepts visually, and uses example datasets from fictional hippopotamuses and illustrations to explain the material in a unique, but easily understood and engaging way. Worked examples connect the mathematics and algorithms to real-world applications and enable students to utilize this technology in new and ever-changing circumstances. Topics covered include Bayesian reasoning, linear regression and classification, margin-based classification, cross-validation, neural networks, decision trees, clustering and dimensionality reduction. End-of-chapter mathematical exercises and additional coding projects reinforce application and decision-making skills.
This undergraduate textbook carefully introduces the fundamentals of axiomatic set theory; a rich and beautiful subject whose fundamental concepts permeate virtually every branch of mathematics. One can thus say that set theory is a foundation for mathematics. The proofs are rigorous, clear, and complete, while remaining accessible to undergraduates who are new to upper-level mathematics. Topics covered include relations, functions, the natural numbers, order, cardinality, transfinite recursion, the axiom of choice, ordinal numbers, and cardinal numbers. Exercises are given at the end of each section in a chapter. The second edition includes a new chapter on set-theoretic constructions of the integers, the rational numbers, and the real numbers; a new chapter on models of set theory. There are also new sections on the hyperreals and applications of stationary sets, club sets, and Fodor's Theorem, as well as additional explanation, examples, and figures. A solutions manual is available for instructors.
Older than the pyramids, Sumerian was used in ancient Mesopotamia (Southern Iraq). It is probably the world's first written language, and survives on clay tablets in the cuneiform script, dating from c.3000 BCE to the beginning of the Common Era. It abounds in simple inscriptions, ideal for beginners, but also boasts a wealth of more advanced writings, such as fascinating mythological poetry. This comprehensive textbook equips students to read the full range of texts – including the special variety of the language known as Emesal. Drawing on the authors' experience in the classroom, it uses intuitive terminology and also makes extensive use of diagrams, which unravel the language's structures in an easy-to-learn way. The examples and readings are all taken from original sources. The learning journey is further supported by exercises (with key), a full sign list and glossary, and online recordings with 'approximate pronunciations'.
Throughout the greater Mediterranean world, the remains of Roman monuments can be found in cities and rural areas, displaying the range of architectural imagination and engineering prowess of the Roman Empire. This volume offers a comprehensive overview of architecture throughout the Roman realm. Providing historical context as it relates to key monuments, Fikret Yegül and Diane Favro explore Roman building construction and technology and emphasize how much the Roman architectural tradition owes to the achievements and traditions of indigenous peoples across three continents, leading to an insightful understanding of the concept of 'Romanization.' They also examine architecture in rural environments and buildings for all social classes and genders, while investigating how events and policies, as well as available technologies and materials, shaped design and the built environment. Clearly written and richly illustrated with over 400 images, this book offers a multi-dimensional overview of the Roman built environment and its unique architectural vision and perspective.
Discussions of racism and antiracism are a central part of today's national conversation. The political environment is filled with challenging questions around race and politics. This introductory textbook combines intellectual history, political biography, and philosophy in a manner that incorporates the contributions and ideas of African American political thinkers into a comprehensive, engaging narrative. Acting as a companion to primary source documents, the text frames these figures and their ideologies within their historical and political contexts. African American political thinkers throughout history have been at the forefront of considering how to counteract racism and achieve racial justice. By examining the evolution of the core figures, concepts, and movements of African American political thought over time, students will be able to apply theory to both historical and current contexts. This text provides a multicultural lens to challenge commonly held understandings of traditional western thought as future leaders tackle challenging questions.
Offering a forward-looking and critical approach to International Business, this textbook demonstrates how multinational enterprises (MNEs) shape and are shaped by a rapidly changing global environment. Bringing together established theories, emerging critical perspectives, and interdisciplinary insights, the book equips students to understand contemporary MNEs' strategies, the roles and interests of key actors, and the geographic and firm-level structures of international business activity. Through rich real-world examples, integrative case studies, themed boxes, and review questions, the book bridges theory and practice, fostering deeper engagement and reflective learning. Students are encouraged not only to analyse international business phenomena, but also to consider their ethical, social, environmental, and political consequences. Instructors have access to adaptable teaching resources, including lecture slides, discussion guides, and sample answers. Written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, International Business: A Critical Approach prepares future managers, researchers, and policymakers to understand, interrogate, and responsibly shape global business.
This textbook provides an interdisciplinary overview of international human rights issues, offering international coverage (especially the Global South). Fully revised and updated, this second edition considers the philosophical foundations of human rights, explores the interpretive difficulties associated with identifying what constitutes human rights abuses, and evaluates various perspectives on human rights. It then analyzes institutions that strive to promote and enforce human rights standards including the United Nations system, regional human rights bodies, and domestic courts. It also discusses a wide variety of substantive human rights issues including genocide, torture, capital punishment and other forms of punishment. In particular, it covers understudied topics such as socio-economic rights, cultural rights and environmental rights, and emerging issues, such as right to health and human rights and technology. It focuses on the rights of marginalized groups including children's rights, rights of persons with disabilities, women's rights, labor rights, Indigenous rights, and LGBTQ+ rights.
An engaging and comprehensive introduction to phonetics and phonology, this textbook innovatively integrates extensive audio-visual materials and multiple language examples. Introducing the vocal tract, speech production and acoustic characteristics of speech, it describes major sound types attested in languages, covers key phonological concepts, and examines a range of sound and prosodic patterns. English is de-centered with all languages treated as equally worthy of study. Students are therefore exposed to data from a wide range of typologically diverse languages, many of which are indigenous, sourced from recent, rigorous language descriptions. Written in an accessible style with all technical terms clearly explained, students will gain an understanding of key concepts as well as practical skills in listening, transcribing, reading acoustic representations and doing phonological analysis. Pedagogical features include embedded audio and video in an enhanced interactive eBook, quizzes, key concept lists, suggestions for further reading and exploration, and approximately 100 original exercises.
Artificial intelligence is reshaping decisions that affect people, institutions, and societies. Understanding how to design, deploy, and govern AI systems that can be trusted is now essential in many disciplines. This book offers a clear, concise introduction to trustworthy AI, treating AI not just as a technical artifact but as a socio-technical system embedded in human contexts. Developed from an internationally applicable educational framework, the book is designed for teaching and learning in computer science, data science, law, policy, business, and related fields. It equips students and professionals with the concepts and judgment needed to engage critically and responsibly with AI in practice. Combining ethics, governance, and practical insight, the book explains key concepts including transparency, fairness, accountability, human oversight, and stakeholder participation. An interdisciplinary approach makes the material accessible to both technical and non-technical audiences, with realistic scenarios and reflection questions so readers connect principles to real-world AI applications.