Introduction
Globalization, migration and increasing cultural diversity within nations have resulted in a growing need to understand and enhance intercultural relations in plural societies. The purpose of this chapter on relations between immigrants and host societies is to highlight current trends and new advances in the study of acculturation and intergroup relations. To accomplish this, the chapter provides an overview of migration and cultural diversity across four major geographical regions; describes the evolution of acculturation theory, models and research; briefly reviews the developments in the application of social-psychological theory to the study of immigration and intergroup relations; discusses the convergence of these two approaches; offers suggestions how applied social psychology may help to solve intercultural problems; and makes recommendations for the course of future research.
Migration and cultural diversity in the twenty-first century
It is now estimated that there are almost 191 million international migrants on a world-wide basis. Europe currently hosts the largest number (64 million), which is about 8% of its population. However, relative to the total population, Oceania (15%) and North America (13%) are world leaders. Brief synopses of their immigration trends and issues are presented in the following sections.
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