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6 - Dysarthria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 October 2009

By
Pascal Auzou
Edited by
Olivier Godefroy  and
Julien Bogousslavsky
Pascal Auzou
Affiliation:
Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Neurologique, France
Olivier Godefroy
Affiliation:
Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens
Julien Bogousslavsky
Affiliation:
Université de Lausanne, Switzerland
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Summary

Introduction

Speech motor disorders are one of the most common forms of movement disorder and are typical symptoms of numerous neurological diseases. They can be broadly categorized as apraxia of speech and dysarthria. Dysarthria has been defined as “a collective name for a group of speech disorders resulting from disturbances in muscular control over the speech mechanism due to damage of the central or peripheral nervous system. It designates problems in oral communication due to paralysis, weakness, or poor coordination of the speech musculature” (Darley et al., 1969a; 1969b; 1975). The disorder is due to abnormal neuromuscular execution and may affect the strength, speed, range, timing, and accuracy of speech movements. It can involve respiration, phonation, articulation, and prosody, either singly or in combination.

Dysarthria is a classical symptom of stroke observed in up to 30% of cases (Kumral et al., 1998; 1999; 2002; Bogousslavsky et al., 1988). It is included as a sign in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (Lyden et al., 1999). Melo et al. (1992) observed dysarthria in 29% of patients with isolated hemiparesis. It was also estimated to occur in about one-quarter of patients with lacunar infarction (Arboix et al., 1990). In some cases, dysarthria may be the sole sign of stroke (Fisher, 1982; Ichikawa and Kageyama, 1991; Kim, 1994).

Some studies suggest that the presence of dysarthria can have negative influences on the outcome of the stroke (Tilling et al., 2001).

Type
Chapter
Information
The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology of Stroke , pp. 86 - 101
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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  • Dysarthria
    • By Pascal Auzou, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Neurologique, France
  • Edited by Olivier Godefroy, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, Julien Bogousslavsky, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland
  • Book: The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology of Stroke
  • Online publication: 10 October 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544880.007
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  • Dysarthria
    • By Pascal Auzou, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Neurologique, France
  • Edited by Olivier Godefroy, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, Julien Bogousslavsky, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland
  • Book: The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology of Stroke
  • Online publication: 10 October 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544880.007
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  • Dysarthria
    • By Pascal Auzou, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Neurologique, France
  • Edited by Olivier Godefroy, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, Julien Bogousslavsky, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland
  • Book: The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology of Stroke
  • Online publication: 10 October 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544880.007
Available formats
×