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25 - Paraneoplastic disorders of the memory and cognition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 July 2009

By
Luis Bataller  and
Josep Dalmau
Edited by
Bruce L. Miller  and
Bradley F. Boeve
Bruce L. Miller
Affiliation:
University of California, San Francisco
Bradley F. Boeve
Affiliation:
Mayo Foundation, Minnesota
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Summary

Introduction

Once considered rare, paraneoplastic disorders (PND) of the brain are becoming increasingly recognized as a cause of higher cortical dysfunction (cognition, memory, attention, affection and behavior) and disruption of sleep and level of consciousness (Gultekin et al.,2000; Ances et al., 2005). Symptoms may be limited to these cortical functions or develop in association with syndromes of the brainstem, cerebellum, dorsal root ganglia and peripheral nerves. Although the term PND can be applied to a number of non-metastatic neurologic complications of cancer, most PND are immune mediated and this chapter will focus on these disorders.

It has been suggested that approximately 1:10,000 cancer patients develop PND, although there are no data supporting such a low incidence (Darnell and Posner 2003). Our experience in a single institution suggests a higher frequency: closer to 1:500–1:1000 with an even higher incidence reported for particular cancer populations such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC, ∼5%) and thymoma (∼30%) (Elrington et al., 1991; Muller-Hermelink and Marx 2000). For PND affecting memory and cognition, the incidence can only be estimated for patients with paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE), at approximately 1:2000–1:3000.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Behavioral Neurology of Dementia , pp. 377 - 394
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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