Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-5b777bbd6c-w9n4q Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-06-24T19:25:18.431Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 October 2016

Minoru Taya ,
Elizabeth Van Volkenburgh ,
Makoto Mizunami  and
Shûhei Nomura
Minoru Taya
Affiliation:
University of Washington
Elizabeth Van Volkenburgh
Affiliation:
University of Washington
Makoto Mizunami
Affiliation:
Hokkaido University, Japan
Shûhei Nomura
Affiliation:
National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Bioinspired Actuators and Sensors , pp. 486 - 511
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Abbott, J. J., Peyer, K. F., Lagomarsino, M. C., Zhang, L., Dong, L., Kaliakatsos, I.K., and Nelson, B. J., 2009, Intl. J. Robotics Research, 1434-1447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abel, J., Luntz, J. and Brei, D., 2012, Smart Materials and Structures, 21, 085011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abel, J., Luntz, J. and Brei, D., 2013, Smart Materials and Structures, 22, 125001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adair, R.K., 1990, The Physics of Baseball, Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Adelson, R.H. and Bergen, J.R., 1985, J. Opt. Soc. Amer., A2, 284–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akbari, S., Rosset, S. and Shea, H.R., 2013, Proc. SPIE 8687, 86871P, doi: 10.1117/12.2009912.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akbari, S., Akimoto, T., Sasaki, S. Ikebukuro, K. and Karube, T. 2000, Analytical Chemica, 417, 125–131.Google Scholar
Akimoto, T., Sasaki, S., Ikebukura, K., and Karube, I., 2003, Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 18, 1447–1453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akins, J.B., Kennedy, M.L., Schnell, G.D., Sanchez-Hernandez, C., Romero-Almaraz, M., Wooten, M.C. and Best, T.L., 2007, Acta Chiropterol, 9, 477–482.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, R. McNeill, 2007, Science, 315, 771–772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, R. McNeill, 1992, Scientific American Library, New York.Google Scholar
Ali, M., Ueki, T., Tsurumi, D. and Hirai, T. 2011, Langmuir, 27, 7902–7908.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ali, M. and Hirai, T., 2012, J. Mater. Sci., Doi 10.1007/s 10853-011-6229-6.Google Scholar
Allen, R. 1973, J. Cell Biology, 56, 559-579.Google Scholar
Almajid, A.A., Taya, M. and Hudnut, S. 2001, Intl. J. Solids and Structures, 38, 2001, 3377–3391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Almajid, A.A., Taya, M., J. Intell.Mater. Systems, Struct, 12, 341–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amasawa, E., Sasagawa, N., Kimura, M. and Taya, M., 2014, Advanced Energy Materials, 1400379.Google Scholar
Amos, W.B., 1972, J. Cell. Sci., 10, 95–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, R.A., 1975, in Swimming and Flying in Nature, ed. by Wu, T. Y.T. et al., Prenum Press, New York, 45–56.Google Scholar
Anderson, T.F. and Richard, A.G. Jr., 1942, J. Appl. Phys., 13, 748–758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anquetil, P.A., Yu, H., Madden, J.D., Swager, T.M. and Hunter, I.W., 2003, Proc. of SPIE vol.5051 (Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices), 42–53.Google Scholar
Anquetil, P.A., Rinderknecht, D., Vandesteeg, N.A., Madden, J.D. and Hunter, I.W., 2004, Proc. of SPIE vol.5385 (Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices), 380–387.Google Scholar
Aquino, A., Formica, V., Prete, S.P., Correale, P.P., Massara, M.C., Turriziani, M., Vecchis, L., De, Bonmassar, E. 2004, Pharmacological Research, 49, p.383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armstrong, W.D., 1997, J. Applied Physics, 81(5), 2321–2326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armstrong, W.D. and Lorentzen, T, 1997, Scrita Materialia, 36(9), 1037–1043.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armstrong, W.D., Lorentzen, T., Brøndsted, P and Larsen, P.H., 1998, Acta Materialia, 46(10), 3455–3466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arzt, E., Gorb, A. and Spolenak, R., 2003, Proc. National Academy of Science, 100(19), 10603–10606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asada, T. and Collings, D., 1997, Trends in Plant Science, 2, 29–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asaka, K. and Oguro, K., 2000, J. Electroanal. Chem., 480, 186–198CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asaka, K., Oguro, K., Nishimura, Y., Mizuhata, M. and Takenaka, H., 1995, Polym. J., 27, 436–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atulasimha, J. Fatau, A.B. and Summers, E., 2007, Smart Mater. Struct., 16, 1265–1276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aussawasathien, D., Dong, J.H. and Dai, L., 2005, Synthetic Metals, 154, 37–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Autumn, K., Liang, Y.A., Hsieh, S. T., Zesch, W., Chan, W.P., Kenny, T.W., Fearing, R. and Full, R. J., 2000, Nature, 405, 681–684.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Autumn, K. and Peattie, A.M., 2002, Integr. Comp. Biol., 42, 1081–1090.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Autumn, K., Sitti, M., Liang, Y.A., Peattie, A.M., Hansen, W.R., Sponberg, S., Kenny, T.W., Fearing, R., Israelachvilli, J.N. and Full, R.J., 2002, Proc. National Academy of Science, 99, 12252–12256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Autumn, K., Hsieh, S.T., Dudek, D.M., Chen, J. Chitaphan, C. and Full, R.J., 2006, J. Exper. Biology, 209, 260–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Autumn, K., 2006, American Scientist, 94, 124–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Autumn, K., 2007, MRS Bulletin, 32, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Autumn, K. and Gravish, N., 2008, Phil. Trans. Royal Soc., A, 2173, 1–16.Google Scholar
Aylor, D. E., Parlange, J-Y. and Krikorian, A.D., 1973, American Journal Botany, 60, 163–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bachsbaum, R, 1948, Animal without Backbones, Penguin, Harmondsworth.Google Scholar
Bacon, J. and Adams, R.N., 1968, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 90, 6596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baek, S.S., Ma., K.Y. and Fearing, R.S., 2009, 2009 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, St. Louis, MO, Oct. 2009, 2854–2860.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bahatyrova, S., Freese, R.N., Siebert, C.A., Olsen, J.D., van del Werf, K.O., van Grondellle, R., Niederman, R.A., Bullough, P.A., Otto, C. and Hunter, C.N., 2004, Nature, 430, 1058–1062.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bamba, N., Endo, N. and Fukami, T., 2006, vol. 317–318 (Science of Engineering Ceramics III), pp.865–868.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bamfield, P. and Hutchings, M.G., 2010, Chromic Phenomena, Technological Applications of Colour Chemistry, 2nd edn., RSC Publishing, London.Google Scholar
Bar-Cohen, Y. 2004, (ed.), Electroactive Polymer (EAP) Actuators as Artificial Muscles: Reality, Potential, and Challenges, SPIE Press: Bellingham, WA.Google Scholar
Bargon, J., Mohamand, S. and Waltman, R.J., 1983a, IBM J. Res. Dev., 27, 330–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bargon, J., Mohamand, S. and Waltman, R.J., 1983b, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 93, 279–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barlett, M.D., Croll, A.B., King, B.M., Irschick, D. J. and Crosby, A.J., 2012, Advanced Materials, DOI: 10.1002/adma.201104191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barthlott, W. and Neinhuis, C., 1997, Planta, 202, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth, F.G. and Holler, A., 1999, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 354, 183–192CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth, F.G., Wastl, U., Humplrey, J.A.C. and Deverakonda, R., 1993, Philos. Transaction Royal Soc. Lond. B, Bio. Sci, 340, 445–461.Google Scholar
Barth, F.G., 2004, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 14, 415–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basalla, G. 1988, The Evolution of Technology, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Baughman, R.H.,1996, Synth Met, 78, 339–353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baugman, R.H. and Shaklette, L.W., 1990, In: Salaneck, W.R. (ed.) Science and applications of conducting polymers. IOP, London, p. 47.Google Scholar
Baughman, R.H., Cui, C., Zakhidov, A.A. ,Iqbal, Z., Barisci, J.N., Spinks, G.M., Wallace, G.G., Mazzoldi, A., De Rossi, D., Rinzler, A.G., Jaschinski, O., Roth, S. and Kertesz, M., 1999, Science, 284, 1340–1344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baughman, R.H., Zakhidov, A.A. and De Heer, W.A., 2002, Science, 297, 787–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bazzo, S., Loubet, F., Labreche, S. and Tan, T.T., 1999, In Electronic Noses and Sensor Array based System, Design and Applicatinos, ed. by Hurst, W.J., Technomic Publishing, Lancaster, 225–234.Google Scholar
Bennett, M.D and Leo, D.J., 2004, Proc. of the SPIE Conf. on Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices 2004, 5385, 210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bermudez, F.G. and Fearing, R., 2009, 2009 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, St. Louis, MO, Oct. 2009, 5027–5032.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernard, C.G., 1967, Endeavour, 26, p.79.Google Scholar
Biddiss, E. and Chau, T., 2006, Medical Eng. & Physics, 28, 568–578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, E. and Taya, M., 2009, unpublished data.Google Scholar
Blake, J.R., 1975, in Swimming and Flying in Nature, ed. by Wu, T.Y.T., et al., Prenum Press, New York, 185–209.Google Scholar
Blankenship, R.E., 2002, Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis, Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blaxeter, J.H.S. and Dickson, W., 1959, J. Cons.perm.int.Explor. Mer., 24, 472–479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boden, S.A. and Bagnall, D.M., 2006, Proc. of 4th world conference on photovoltaic energy conversion, IEEE(1–424400016-3), 1358–1361.Google Scholar
Boeckh, J. and Ernst, K.D., 1987, J. Comp. Physiol. A., 161, 549–565.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boeckh, J., 1984, Chapter 4, in Insect Communications, Royal Entomological Society of London.Google Scholar
de Boer, M.P., Luck, D.L., Ashurst, W.R., Maboudian, R.A., Corwin, A.D., Walraven, J.A. and Redmond, J.M., 2004, J. MEMS, 13(1), 63–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonomo, C., Fortuna, L., Gianone, P., Graziani, and Strazzeri, S., 2006, Smart Materials and Structures, 15, 749–758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borst, A. and Euler, T., 2011, Neuron, 71, 974–994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botsis, J., 2012, in Wiley Encyclopedia of Composites, 2nd edition, ed. by Nicolais, L. and Barzacchiello, A., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1–14.Google Scholar
Bourdin, P., Gatto, A. and Friswell, M.I., 2007, AIAA 2007–4443, 25th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conf. June 25–28, 2007, Miami, FL.Google Scholar
Bowles, J.S., Barrette, C.S. and Guttman, L., 1950, J. Metals/Trans. AIME, 188, 1478–1485.Google Scholar
Bowling, A.J. and Vaughn, K.C., 2008, Protoplasma, 232, 153–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowling, A.J. and Vaughn, K.C., 2009, Amer. J. Botany, 96(4), 719–727.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, J.G. and Largoudas, D.C., 1994, J. Intell. Mater. Systems Struct., 5, 333–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braggins, T.J., Frost, D.A., Agnew, M.P. and Farouk, M.M., 1999, in Electronic Noses and Sensor Array based System, Design and Applicatinos, ed. by Hurst, W.J., Technomic Publishing, Lancaster, 51–82.Google Scholar
Brauner, L. and Bukatsch, F., 1980, Das kleine pflanzenphysiologische Praktikum, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena.Google Scholar
Brett, C. and Waldron, K., 1996, Physiology and Biochemistry of Plant Cell Walls. Chapman & Hall, London.Google Scholar
Brokaw, G.J. and Gibbons, I.R., 1974, in Swimming and Flying in Nature, ed. by T.W.T. Wu, et al., 89–126.Google Scholar
Brown, R.H.J., 1953, J. Exp. Biology, 30, 90–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, L.M., 1973, Acta metall., 21, 879–885.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryant, R., Fox, R., Lachowicz, J. and Chen, F.,1999, Proc. of SPIE, 3674, 220–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cahill, C.P., Johnston, K.S. and Yee, S.S., 1997, Sensors and Actuators, B45, 161–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Callies, M. and Quere, D., 2005, Review article , Soft Matters, 1, 55–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calkins, F.T., Mabe, J.H., Smith, J.P. and Arbogast, D.T., 2002a, AIAA paper, 2002–2823.Google Scholar
Calkins, F.T. and Clingman, D.J., 2002b, Proc. SPIE Vol. 4698, p. 85–96, Smart Structures and Materials 2002: Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calvert, P., Patra, P., Lo, T.H., Chen, Chi H., Sawhney, A. and Agrawal, A., 2007, Proc. of SPIE vol. 6524 (Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) 2007), 65241I/1–65241I/8.Google Scholar
Campbell, G.A. and Mutharasan, R., 2006,Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 22, 78–85CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Camhi, J.M., 1993, Current Opinion Neurobiology, 3, 1011–1019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cao, X.F. , Yu, L.P. and Dalton, L.R., 1990, OSA Annual Meeting, (Nov. 4–9, Boston) 1990 Technical Digest Series, p. 165, Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, 1990.Google Scholar
Carpenter, R.E., 1985, J. Exp. Biology, 114, 619–647.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrington, C.M.S. and Esnaard, J., 1989, Plant, Cell and Environment, 12, 449–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Carroll, D, 1993, Nature, 362, 541–543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cassie, A.B.D. and Baxter, S., 1944, Trans. Farady Soc., 40, 546–551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
del Castillo, C.L., Hernaez, J. and Mellor, B.G., 1986, J. Mater. Science, 21, 4043–4047.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
del Castillo, C.L., Mellor, B.G. Blazquez, M.L., Gomez, C., 1987, Sripta Metall., 21, 1711–1716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, R.F. 1998, The Insects : Structure and Function, Cambridge University Press, 4th edn., Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, S., Hu, J. and Zhuo, H., 2010, Composite Science and Technology, 70, 1437–1443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Z., Tan, X., Willl, A. and Ziel, C., 2007, Smart Mater. Strut., 16, 1477–1488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, Z.-Y., Xu, T.-B., Bharti, V., Wang, S. and Zhang, Q.M., 1999, Appl. Phys. Lett., 74, 1901–1903.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chernenko, V.A., Cesari, E., Kokorin, V.V. and Vitenko, I.N., 1995, Scripta Metall., 33, 1239–1244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiao, C. and Hanlon, R.T., 2001, J. Exp. Biology, 204, 2119–2125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chikamizu, S., 1964, Physics of Magnetism, translated by Charays, S.H., Malabar, Krieger Publishing Company: Florida.Google Scholar
Christensen, R. M., 1979, Mechanics of Composite Materials, John Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Chu, Z., Sarro, P. M., Middelhoek, S., 1995, Proc. Transducers’95, 1, 656–659.Google Scholar
Chung, T., Romo-Uribe, A. and Mather, P., 2008, Macromolecules, 41, 184–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clapham, P.B. and Hutley, M.C., 1973, Nature, 244, August, 281–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, A.E., Savage, H.T. and Spano, M.L., 1984, IEEE Trans. Magn. 20, p.1443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, B.D. and Bemis, W., 1979, J. Zoology, 188, 411–428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, S.K. and Wise, K.D, 1979, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, ED-26, 1887–1896.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, D., Whitney, H., Sutton, G. and Robert, D., 2013, Science, 340, 66–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cleland, R.E., Virk, S.S., Taylor, D. and Bjorkman, T., 1990, American Society of Plant Physiologists ed. Leonard, R.T., Hepler, P.K.,9–16, Rockville, Maryland.Google Scholar
Clement, J.W. and Brei, D.E., 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS structures, dynamics and materials Conf., AIAA 2003-1638.Google Scholar
Cogdell, R.J. and Isaacs, N.W., 1995, Nature, 374, 517–521.Google Scholar
Colpo, F., Humbert, L. and Botsis, J., 2007, Smart Mater. Struct., 16, 1421–1423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Comstock, J.H., 1918, Wings of Insects, Comstock Pub. Co., New York, 430.Google Scholar
Compton, R.G., Waller, A.M., Monk, P.M.S. and Rosseinsky, D.R., 1990, J. Chem Soc. Farady Trans. 86, 2583–2586.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conley, K.E. and Lindstedt, S.L., 2002, J. Exp. Biology, 205, 2175–2181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooke, J.R., Rand, R.H., Mang, H.A. and Debaerdemaeker, J. G., 1977, American Society of Agricultural Engineers paper, 77-5511, St. Joseph USA.Google Scholar
Cooper, M.A., 2003, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 377, p.834.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costello, G.A., 1978, Applied Mechanics Review, 31, 897–899.Google Scholar
Courturier, E., Brunel, N., Douady, S. and Nakayama, N., 2012, Americal Journal of Botany, 99(8), 1289–1299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Couto, A., Alenius, M., Dickson, B.J., 2005, Curr. Biolo., 15, 1535–1547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coyne, K.J., Qin, X.X. and Waite, J.H., 1997, Science, 277, 1830–1832.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Croon, G.C.H.E., de Clercq, K.M.E., Ruijsink, R., Remes, B. and de Wagner, C., 2009, J. Micro Air Vehicles, 1, 71–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crews, L.C., McCully, M.E., Cany, M.J., 2003, Functional Plant Biology, 30, 755–766.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowley, G. and Hall, L., 1994, Aust. Zool., 42, 215–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahmen, U. and Westmacott, K.H., 1986, Acta Metall., 34, 475 –482.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalley, J.W., Riley, W.F. and Sirkis, J.S., 1987, Chap. 2 in Handbook on Experimental Mechanics, 2nd edition, ed. by Kobayashi, A.S., Prentice-Hall Inc., NJ.Google Scholar
Dalton, L.R. , Sullivan, P.A., Bale, D. and Olbricht, B.C., 2007, Solid-State Electronics, 51.10, (2007), 1263–1277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniel, T., Jordan, C. and Grunbaum, D., 1992, in Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology, vol. 11. Springer-Verlag, Berlin; Heidelberg, 17–49.Google Scholar
Darwin, C.,1875, The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants, London, John Murray.Google Scholar
Datta, S., Atulasimha, J. and Flatau, A.B., 2009, J. Magnetism and Magnetic Properties, 321, 4017–4031.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davenport, J., Munks, S. and Oxford, P.J., 1984, Proc. Royal Soc. Lond B, 220, 447–475.Google Scholar
Davis, A., Targett, M., McConnell, O. and Young, C., 1989, Bioorg. Mar. Chem., 3, 86–114.Google Scholar
Davis, R.E., Webb, D.C., Regier, L.A. and Dufour, J., 1992, J. Atomospheric and Oceanic Technology, vol.9, 264–285.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, C., Vincent, J.F.V and Rocca, A.M., 1997, Nature, 390, 668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, R.L., 2011, Neuron, 70, 8–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dejean, A., Leroy, C. Corbara, B., Roux, O., Céréghino, R., Orivel, J. and Bouley, R., 2010, PLos ONE, 5 (6), e11331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delarue, J.M., 1992, in Proc. of II International Symposium of the Sonder-Forchungsbereich 230 Part II, 31–41.Google Scholar
Delle Chiaje, S., 1829, Memoria II Su’ cetalopedi, Parte, Articode II, Cuticola, 63–66.Google Scholar
Denny, M.W., 1988, Biology and Mechanics of the Wave Swept Environment, Princeton University Press, New Jersey.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denton, E.J. and Nicol, J.A.C., 1965a, J. Marine Biology Assessment, U.K., 45, 683–703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denton, E.J. and Nicol, J.A.C., 1965b, J. Marine Biology Assessment, U.K., 45, 711–738.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denton, E.J., 1970, Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 258, 285–313.Google Scholar
Derham, W., 1773, Physico-Theology, London: Bolye Lecture for 1711.Google Scholar
Desbiens, A. L., Chen, Y. and Wood, R., 2013, 2013 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Tokyo, Japan, November 2013.Google Scholar
Dickinson, B.T., 2010, Bioinspiration and Biomimetics, 5, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, M., 2006, Current Biology, 16(9), R309–R314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, M.H., 1999, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 354, 903–906.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, M.H., Lehmann, F-O. and Sane, S.P., 1999, Science, 284, 1954–1960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DOE, 2012, Buildingsdatabook, eren.doe.gov/ChapterIntro1.aspx.Google Scholar
Domokos, G. and Healey, T.J., 2005, Intl. J. Bifurcations and Chaos, 15(3), 871–890.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dreyfus, B., Baudry, J., Roper, M. L., Fermigier, M., Stone, H.A. and Bibette, J., 2005, Nature Letts., 437, 862–865, doi: 10.1038/nature04090.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunn, M.L. and Taya, M., 1993, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, Vol. A 443, 265–287.Google Scholar
Dunne, D.P. and Wayman, C.M., 1973, Metall.Trans., 4, 137–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunsch, R. and Breguet, J.M. ,2007, Sensors and Actuators, A, 134, 436–446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eberle, A., Quinn, K. and Bassman, L., 2009, 6th Plant Biomechanics Conference, Cayenne, November 16–17.Google Scholar
Ebron, V.H. , Yang, Z., Seyer, D.J. , Kozlov, M.E. , Oh, J., Xie, H., Razal, J., Hall, L.J., Ferraris, J.P, MacDiarmid, A.G. and Baughman, R.H., 2006, Science, 311, 1580–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eccles, J.C., 1948, Annual Rev. Physiol., 10, 93–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eccles, J. C, 1957, Physiology of Nerve Cells, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Elbaum, R., Satzman, L., Burgert, I. and Fratzl, P., 2007, Science, 316, 884–886.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellington, C.P., 1999, J. Exp. Biology, 202, 3439–3448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Endress, A.G. and Thomson, W.W., 1976, Protoplasma, 88, 315–331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engel, J.M., Chen, J. and Liu, C., 2003, J. Micromech. Microeng., 13(3), 359–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engel, J. M., Chen, J., Fan, Z. and Liu, C.,2005, Sensors and Actuators A, 117, 50–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engel, J.M., Chen, J., Liu, C. and Bullen, D., 2006, J. MEMS, 15(4), 729–736.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Englmaier, P., 1987, Biochemie Physiologie Pflanzen, 82 (1), 165–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eriksen, C.C., Osse, T.J., Light, R.D., Wen, T., Lehman, T.W., Sabin, P.L., Ballard, J.W. and Chiodi, A.M., 2001, IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 26(4), 424–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eshelby, J.D., 1957, Proc. R. Soc. London A 241, 376–396.Google Scholar
Etebari, A., Bennett, M.D., Leo, D.J. and Vlachos, P.P., 2005, Proceedings of FEDSM2005, 2005 ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and Exhibition, June 19–23, 2005, Houston, TX.Google Scholar
Evans, B.A., Shields, A.R., Carroll, R. L., Washburn, S., Falvo, M.R. and Superfine, R., 2007, Nano Letts., 7(5), 1428–1434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Exner, S., 1891, Die Physiologie der facettierten Augen von Krebsen und Insekten, Deuticke, Leipzig and Wien,206.Google Scholar
Fabre, J.H., 1913, in Teale, E.W., (ed.) The Insect World of J. Henri Fabre. Dodd, Mead & Co, New York.Google Scholar
Farinholt, K., and Leo, D.J., 2004, Mechanics of Materials, 36, 421–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fatt, P. and Katz, B., 1951, J. Physiol., 115, 320–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Federle, W., Barnes, W.J.P., Baumgartner, W., Drechsler, P. and Smith, J.M., 2006, J. Royal Society Interface, 3, 689–697.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feng, L., Zhang, Y., Xi, J., Zhu, Y., Wang, N., Xia, F. and Jiang, L., 2008, Langmuir, 24, 4114–4119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenster, C.B., Armbruster, W.S., Wilson, P., Dudash, M.R. and Thomson, J.D., 2004, Annual Rev. Ecology and Evolution Systems, 35, 375–403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernandez, F.G., Drebin, J.A., Linehan, D.C., Dehdashti, F., Siegal, B.A., Strasberg, S.M., 2004, Ann. Surg., 240, p.438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferreira, K.N., Iverson, T.M., Maghlaoui, K., Barber, J. and Iwata, S., 2004, Science, 303, 1831–1838.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fifield, L.S., Dalton, L.R. and Spinks, G.M., 2002, Proc. SPIE, 4807, 232–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fifield, L.S., Zipperer, A.M., Baughman, R.H. and Dalton, L.R., 2003, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 772, 17–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fifield, L.S., Dalton, L.R., Fryxell, G.E., Addleman, R.S., Engelhard, M.H. and Aardahl, C.L., 2004, J. Phys. Chem. B, 108, 8737–8741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finkelmann, H., Nishikawa, E., Pereira, G.G. and Warner, M., 2001, Physical Rev. Letts., 87, 1, 015501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Filip, P. and Mazanec, K., 1994, Scripta Metall. Mater., 30, 67–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleming, T.H. and Muchhala, N., 2008, J. Biogeography, 35, 764–780.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floreano, D., Pericet-Camara, R., Viollet, S., Ruffier, F., Brückner, A., Leitel, R., Buss, W., Menouni, M., Expert, F., Juston, R., Dobrzynski, M.K., L’Eplattenier, G., Recktenwald, F., Mallot, H.A. and Franceschini, N., 2013, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 110, 9267–9272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foos, M., Frantz, C. and Gantois, M., 1981, Acta Metall., 29, 1091–1098.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forbes, W., 1926, J. New York Entomological Society., 34, 42–68.Google Scholar
Ford, D.S. and White, S.R., 1996, Acta Mater., 44, 2295–2307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forterre, Y., Skotheim, J.M., Dumals, J. and Mahadevan, L., 2005, Nature, 433(27), Jan. 421–425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frank, J., Koopmann, G.H., Chen, W. and Lesieutre, G.A., 1999, Proc. SPIE, 3668, 717–723.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fratzl, P., Elbaum, R. and Burgert, I., 2008, Faraday Discussions, 139, 275–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fratzl, P. and Barth, F.G., 2009, Nature, 462, 442–448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fremond, M. and Miyazaki, S., 1996, in Shape Memory Alloys, Springer, Wien; New York, 71–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frey-Wyssling, A., 1959, Die pflanzliche Zellwand, Springer Verlag, Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frisch, K.V., 1969, Aus dem Laben der Bienen, Springer, Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fritz, J., Baller, M.K., Lang, H.P., Rothuizen, H.V.P., Meyer, E., Guntherodt, H.J., Gerber, C. and Gimzewski, J.K., 2000, Science, 288, 316–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Froesch, D. and Messenger, J.B., 1978, J. Zoology, London, 186, 163–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frost, W.N., Castellucci, V.F., Hawkins, R.D. and Kandel, E.R., 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82, 8266–8269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fudouzi, H. and Sawada, T., 2006, Proc. SPIE 6369 63690D-10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fudouzi, H. and Sawada, T., 2007, Proc. SPIE 6767 ed. by HH Du and H Fudouzi, 676704, doi: 10.1117/12.731528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fudouzi, H., 2011, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 12 (2011) 064704.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fujiwara, A., Honda, K., 1972, Nature, 238, 37–38.Google Scholar
Fujiwara, N., Asaka, K., Nishimura, Y., Oguro, K. and Torikai, E., 2000, Chem. Mater., 12, 1750–1754.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furukawa, J., Shinohara, Y., Kuramoto, H., Miura, Y., Shimaoka, H., Kurogochi, M., Nakano, M., Nishimura, S.I., 2008, Analytical Chemistry, 80, p.1094.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furuya, Y., Sasaki, A. and Taya, M., 1993, Materials Trans. JIM, 34, 3, 1993, 224–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furuya, Y. and Taya, M., 1996, Trans. of JIM, 60, 12, 1163–1172.Google Scholar
Galante, T., Frank, J., Bernard, J., Chen, W., Lesieutre, G.A. and Koopmann, G.H., 1998, Proc. SPIE, 3329, 756–767.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, J.W., Craven, M., Dow, C. and Hines, E.L., 1998, Meas. Sci. Tech., 9, 120–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gebhardt, Sylvia, Seffner, Lutz, Schlenkrich, Falko and Schoenecker, Andreas, 2007, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 27(13–15), 4177–4180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geise, R.J. and Yacynych, A., 1989, in Chemical sensors and microinstrumentation, eds. Murray, R.W. et al., Amer. Chem. Soc. Washington DC, ACS Symp. Ser. 403, pp. 65–77.Google Scholar
Gerbode, S.J., Puzey, J.R., McCormick, A.G. and Mahadevan, L., 2012, Science, 337, 1087–1091.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerstner, W. and Kistler, W., 2002, Spiking Neuron Models, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, R.F., 1994, Principles of Composite Material Mechanics, McGraw-Hill, London.Google Scholar
Ginsberg, J.H., 2001, Mechanical Structural Vibrations, John Wiley and Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Giurfa, M., Eichmann, B. and Menzel, R., 1996, Nature, 382, 458–461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giurfa, M., Zhang, S., Jenett, A., Menzel, R. and Srinivasan, M.V., 2001, Nature, 410, 930–933.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goeders, K.M., Colton, J.S. and Bottomley, L.A., 2008, Chem. Rev., 108, 522–542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, T.H., 1962, J. Cell Biology, 14, 489–494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gonzalez-Bellido, P.T., Peng, H., Yang, J., Georgopoulos, A.P. and Olberg, R.M., 2013, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 110, 696–701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gorb, S.N., 1998, Int. J. Morphol. & Embryol. 27(3), 205–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gorb, S.N., 1999, Proc. Royal. Soc. Lond B266, 525–535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goriely, A. and Tabor, M., 1998, Phys. Rev. Letts., 80(7), 1564–1567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, J. and Hancock, G. J., 1955, J. Exp. Biology, 32, 802–814.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, J., 1955, J. Exp. Biology, 32, 775–801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenwalt, C.H., 1962, Smithsonian Misc. Collect., 144(2), 46.Google Scholar
Groot, E.P., Sweeney, E.J. and Post, T.L., 2003, Plant Soil, 248, 85–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grotjohann, I., Jolley, C. and Fromme, P., 2004, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 6, 4743–4753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Guillly, M., Uchida, M. and Taya, M., 2002, Proc. of SPIE on Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices, vol. 4695, San Diego, March 17–21, vol.4685, 76–84.Google Scholar
Le Guilly, M., Xu, C., Cheng, V., Taya, M., Opperman, L. and Kuga, Y., 2003, Proc. of SPIE Symposium on Electroactive Polymers and Devices, Ed. Bar-Cohen, Y., San Diego, CA, March 3–6, 2003, vol. 5051, 362–371.Google Scholar
Le Guilly, M, 2004. Development of Ionic Polymer Actuator Arrays, PhD Dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.Google Scholar
Gurunathan, K., VadivelMurugan, A., Marinmuthu, R., Mulik, U.P. and Amalnerkar, D.P., 1999., Mater. Chemistry and Physics, 61, 173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gururaja, S. ,Taya, M. and Kang, Y., 2007, J. Applied Physics, 102, 064910.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gururaja, S., Taya, M., Nakayama, H., Kang, Y.S., Kawasaki, A. and Sutou, Y., 2005, Proc. SPIE, 5761, 548–556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haas, F. and Wooton, R., 1996, Proc. Royal Soc. London B, 263, 1651–1658.Google Scholar
Hagberg, D.P., Jiang, X., Gabrielsson, E., Linder, M., Marinado, T., Brinck, T., Hagfeldt, A. and Sun, L., 2009, J. Mater. Chem., 19, 7232–7238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamada, K., Lee, J.H., Mizuuchi, K., Taya, M. and Inoue, K., 1998, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 29A, 1127–1135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hancock, G.J., 1952, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., A217, 96–121.Google Scholar
Hanlon, R.T. and Messenger, J.B., 1988, Philosophical Trans. Royal Soc. London, B 320, 437–487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, W.R. and Autumn, K., 2005, Proc. National Academy of Science, 102, 385–389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hasegawa, R., Kobayashi, Masamichi, Tadokoro, Hiroyuki, 1972, Polym. J., 3(600), 591–599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hashimoto, H., 2011, Proceedings of Tokai University, 41(2), 25–34.Google Scholar
Hassan, A., Nagib, H. and Wygnanski, I., 2002, Annual Forum Proceedings - American Helicopter Society, 58th Annual Forum Proceedings - American Helicopter Society, 711–731.Google Scholar
Hateren, J.H. van, Srinivasan, M.V. and Wait, P.B., 1990, J. Comp. Physiol. A., 167, 649–654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haupt, S.S., Sakurai, T., Namiki, S., Kazawa, T. and Kanzaki, R., 2010, in Menini, A., ed., The Neurobiology of Olfaction. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; Chapter 3.Google Scholar
Hayashi, R., Murray, S.J., Marioni, M., Allen, S.M. and O’Handley, R.C., 2000, Sensor and Actuator, A81, 219–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heinz, S., Goatherd, S. and Homberg, U., 2009, J. Neurosci., 29, 11783–11793.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heisenberg, M., 2003, Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 4, 266–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hellio, C., Thomas-Guyon, H., Culioli, G., Piovett, L, Bourgougnon, N., and le Gal, Y., 2001, Biofouling: The J. Bioadhesion and Biofilm Research, 17(3), 189–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hengstenberg, R, 1991, Neuroscience, 3, 19–29.Google Scholar
Von Helversen, D. and von Helveren, O., 1999, Nature, 398, 759–760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heo, J.S, Chung, J.H. and Lee, J.J, 2006, Sensors and Actuators A, 126, 312–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hildebrand, J.G. and Shepherd, G.M., 1997, Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 20, 595–631.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirai, T., Ogiwara, T., Fujii, K., Ueki, T., Kinoshita, K., Takasaki, M., 2009, Adv. Mater., 21, 2886–2888.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirschfelder, M., Hanrieder, D. and Ulrich, D., 1998, Semin. Food Anal., 3, 27–36.Google Scholar
Hites, M., Nagib, H., Bacher, T. and Wygnanski, I., 2001, AIAA Paper 2001-0734, 39th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV, Jan. 12–15, 2001.Google Scholar
Hodgkin, A.L. and Huxley, A.F., 1946, Nature, 158, 376–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodgkin, A.L. and Huxley, A.F., 1952, J. Physiology, 117, 500–544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodick, D. and Sievers, A., 1989, Planta 179, 32–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holbrook, K.A. and Odland, G.F., 1978, J. Anatomy, 126, 21–36.Google Scholar
Homberg, U., Heinz, S., Pfeiffer, K., Kinoshita, M. and Judi, B., 2011, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B., 366, 680–687.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Homola, J., Yee, S.S. and Ganglitz, G., 1999, Sensors and Actuators, B54(1–2), 3–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Hoof, C. and de Moor, P., 2002, in Handbook of Infrared Detection and Technologies, ed. by M. Henini and M. Razeghi, 449–479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horridge, G.A., Giddings, C. and Strange, G., 1972, Proc. Roy. Soc. B, 182, 457–495.Google Scholar
Horton-Smith, C., 1938, The Flight of Birds, H.F & G Witherby Ltd., London.Google Scholar
Hosoda, H., 2007, Workshop Lecture notes on SMAs, Japan Association of SMAs, July 2007.Google Scholar
Hsu, Y.F., Wang, W.H. and Wayman, C.Y., 1991, Metall. and Mat. Trans. A., 22, 1473–1478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, J., Virji, S., Weiller, B.H. and Kaner, R.B., 2004, Chem. Eur, J., 10, 1314–1319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, L., Reakmans, G., Saerens, D., Friedt, J.M., Frederix, F., Francis, L., Muyldermans, S., Campitelli, A. and Hoof, C.V., 2005, Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 21, p.483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunter, I., Lafontaine, S., 1992, Technical Digest IEEE Solid State Sensors and Actuators Workshop, 178–185.Google Scholar
Huxley, A.F., 1968, J. Exp. Biology, 48, 227–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ichikawa, T. and Tateda, H., 1980, J. Comparative Physiology, 139, 41–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ikeda, T., Nakano, M., Yu, Y., Tsurumi, O. and Kanazawa, A., 2003, Advanced Materials, 15, 3, Feb. 5. 201–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ikeda, K., 1990, Piezoelectriciy, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ikeda, T., Masuda, S., Miyasaka, T. and Ueda, T., 2006, Proc. 25th International Congress of the Aerospace Science, pp. 1–6.Google Scholar
Ikeda, T., Masuda, S. and Ueda, T., 2007a, in Active and passive smart structures and integrated systems 2007, ed. by Matsuzaki, Yuji, Ahmadian, Mehdi, Leo, Donald, Proc. of SPIE, 6525, 65251L, 0277–786X/07.Google Scholar
Ikeda, T., Ueda, T., and Masuda, S., 2007b, Proc. Intl. Conf. shape memory and superelastic technologies, Dec.3–5, 2007, Tsukuba, Japan, eds. B. Berg, et al, 413–420.Google Scholar
Ikegami, T., Miyoshi, M., Miyasaka, T., Teshima, K., Wei, T.C., Wan, C.C. and Wang, Y.Y., 2007, J. Appl. Phys. Letts., 90, 153122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inoue, K., 1999, Private communications.Google Scholar
Inzelt, G., Pineri, M., Schultze, J.W. and Vorotyntsev, M.A., 2000, Electrochim. Acta, 45, 2403–2421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irie, M. and Kunwatchakun, D., 1986, Macromolecules, 19, 2476–2480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irschick, D.J., Austin, C.C., Petren, K., Fischer, R.N., Losos, J.B. and Ellers, O., 1996, Biological Journal of Linnean Society, 59, 21–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishii, D., Yabu, H., Shimomura, M., 2009, Chem. Mater. 21, 1799–1801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishiyama, K., Sendoh, M. Yamazaki, A. and Arai, K.I., 2001, Sensors and Actuators A 91, 141–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Israelarchivili, J., 1992, Intermolecular and Surface Forces, Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Itoh, Y. and Mizutani, A., 1994, Cell and Tissue Research, 278, 125–134.Google Scholar
Iwamoto, H., 2010, Seibutsu Butsuri, 50(4), 168–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaffe, M.J. and Galston, A.W., 1966, Plant Physiology, 41, 1152–1158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaffe, M.J. and Galston, A.W., 1968, Annual Review Plant Physiology, 19, 417–434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaffe, M.J., 1973, Plant Physiology, 51, 17–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaffe, M.J., 1977, Nature, 195, 191–192.Google Scholar
Jahn, T.L., 1975, in Swimming and Flying in Nature, vol.1 ed. Wu, T.Y.T., Brokaw, C.J. and Brennen, C., Plenum Press, New York, 325–338.Google Scholar
James, R.D. and Wuttig, M., 1998, Phil. Mag., 77(5), 1273–1299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janata, J. and Josowicz, M., 2002, Nature materials, 2, 19–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, B.H., Sun, L., Li, R., Hsu, T.Y., 1995, Scripta Metall., Et Mater., 33(1), 63–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jo, C.H., Pugal, D., Oh, I.K., Kim, K.J. and Asaka, K., 2013, Progress in Polymer Science, 38, 1037–1066.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, E.T., Chao, E. and Wrighton, M.J., 1987, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 109,5526–5529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jordan, C.E., 1992, J. Exp. Biology, 163, 119–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Julian, R.C., Rose, C.J., Hu, H. and Fearing, R.S., 2013, Proc. of the 12th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AA-MAS 2013), Itoh, , Jonker, , Gini, and Shehory, eds., May 6-10, 2012, Saint Paul, Minnesota.Google Scholar
Junker, S., 1977, New Phytologist, 78, 607–610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kadooka, K., Taya., M., Naito, K. and Saito, M., 2015, EAPAD, Proc. SPIE, Vol.9430, 943020.Google Scholar
Kadooka, K. and Taya, M., 2015, unpublished work.Google Scholar
Kainuma, R., Imano, Y., Ito, W., Sutou, Y., Morito, H., Okamoto, S., Kitakami, O., Oikawa, K., Fujita, A., Kanomata, T. and Ishida, K., 2006, Nature, 439, 957–960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kainuma, R., Takahashi, S. and Ishida, K., 1996, Metall. and Mater. Trans., 27A, 2187–2195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kajiwara, S., Liu, D., Kikuchi, T. and Shinya, N. 2001, Scripta Materialia, 44(12), 2809–2814.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kakeshita, T., Shimizu, T., Funada, S. and Date, M., 1984, Trans. JIM, 25, 837–844.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kakeshita, T., Takeuchi, T., Fukuda, T., Tsujiguchi, M., Saburi, T., Oshima, R. and Muto, S., 2000, Applied Physics Letts., 77(10), 1502–1504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaissling, K.E., 2009, Studies Comput. Intel., 188, 45–52.Google Scholar
Kamino, K., Inoue, K., Maruyama, T., Takamatsu, N., Haruyama, S. and Shizuri, Y., 2000, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 27360–27365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kanda, Y., 1982, IEEE Trans. Electronic Devices, 29(1), 64–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kandil, F.I. and Fahle, M., 2001, Euro. J. Neurosci., 13, 2004–2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kanzaki, R., Ikeda, A., Shibuya, T., 1994, J. Comp. Physiol., 175, 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karban, R. and Baldwin, E.T., 1997, Induced Responses to Herbivory, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karlsson, R., Roos, H., Fagerstam, L., and Person, B., 1994, Methods, 9, p.99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kato, H., Wada, T., Tagawa, T., Liang, Y. and Taya, M., 2001, Proceedings of the 50th Anniversary of Japan Society of Materials Science, Osaka, Japan, May 21–26, 2001, vol. A, 296–305.Google Scholar
Kato, H., Liang, Y. and Taya, M., 2002a, Scripta Materi., 46, 471–475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kato, H., Wada, T., Liang, Y., Tagawa, T., Taya, M. and Mori, T., 2002b, Materials Science and Engineering A, 332, 134–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kato, M. and Fujii, T., 1994, Acta Metall., 42, 2929–2936.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kato, M., Fijii, T. and Onaka, S., 1996, Mater. Sci. Eng., A211, 95–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kato, N., Liu, H. and Morikawa, H., 2004, Intl. J. Offshore and Polar Engineering, 15(2), 81–87.Google Scholar
Kato, N., Liu, H. and Morikawa, H., 2006, Intl. J. Offshore and Polar Engineering, 16(3), 271–282.Google Scholar
Kato, N., 2011, Marine Technology Society Journal, 45(4), 181–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katoh, K. and Naitoh, Y., 1994, J. Exp. Biology, 189, 163–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawaguti, S., and Kamishima, Y., 1966, Proc. Japan Academy, 42, 389–393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawaguti, S. and Ohgishi, S., 1962, Biol. J. Okayama University, 8, 115–129.Google Scholar
Kawamura, Y., Souda, S., Nishimoto, S. and Ellington, C.P., 2008, in Bio-mechanics of swimming and flying, ed. by Kato, N. and Kaminura, S., 319–330, Springer, Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, J.B., 1980, Lectures in Mathematics in the Life Science, 13, 257–274.Google Scholar
Kepler, R.G. and Anderson, R.A., 1992, Advances in physics, 41(1), 1–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kikuchi, T. and Kajiwara, S., 1993, Mater. Trans. JIM, 34, 907–918.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, K.J. and Shahinpoor, M., 2002, Smart Mater. Struct., 12, 65–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, S.R., Kang, S.Y., Park, J.K., Na, J.T., Son, D. and Lim, S.H., 1998, J. Appl. Phys., 83(11), 7285–7287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, J., Kim, J.D. and Choi, S.B., 2002, Mechatronics, 12, 525–542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, S.Y., Taya, M. and Xu, C., 2008, ECS Transactions, 13 (11), 49–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, S. Qiu, F., Kim, S., Ghanbari, A., Moon, C., Zhang, L., Nelson, B. J., and Choi, H., 2013, Advanced Materials, 25, 5863–5868.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimura, M., Sakai, R., Sato, S., Fukawa, T., Ikehara, T., Maeda, R. and Mihara, T., 2011, Advanced Functional Materials, 22(3), 469–476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kinoshita, S., Yoshioka, S., Fujii, Y. and Okamoto, N., 2002, Forma, 17, 103–121.Google Scholar
Kirschfeld, K., 1976, in Neural Principles in Vision, ed. by Zettler, F. and Weiler, R., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 354–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kishimoto, N., Natori, M.C. and Higuchi, K., 2006, AIAA-2006-1898.Google Scholar
Knoblauch, M., Noll, G., Muller, T., Prufer, D., Schneider-Huther, I., Scharner, D., Van Bel, A.J.E. and Peters, W.S., 2003, Nature Materials, 2, 573–574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ko, W.H., Hynecek, J. Boettcher, S.F. and Boettcher, S.F., 1979, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, ED-26, 1896–1905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kobayashi, H., Kresling, B. and Vincent, J.F.V., 1998, Proc. Royal Society, London B, 265, 147–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kolokotsa, D., Rovas, D., Kosmatopoulos, E. and Kalaitzakis, K., 2010, Solar Energy, 85, 3067–3084.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Konyo, M., Konishi, Y., Tadokoro, S. and Kishima, T., 2004, Proc. of the SPIE Conf. on Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices, 5385, 307–318.Google Scholar
Kornbluh, R., Pelrine, R., Pei, Q., Oh, S. and Joseph, J., 2000, Proc. of SPIE:Electroactive Polymers and Devices, vol. 3987, ed. by Y. Bar-Cohen, 51–64.Google Scholar
Kohl, D., Heinert, L., Bock, J., Hofmann, T. and Schieberle, P., 2000, Sensors and Actuators, B, 70, 43–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kondo, M., Nakamura, Y., Fujii, K., Nagata, M., Suemori, Y., Dewa, Y., Iida, K., Gardiner, A.G., Cogdell, R. and Nango, M., 2007, Biomacromolecules, 8, 2457–2463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kósa, G., Shoham, M., and Zaaroor, M., 2007, IEEE Trans. Robotics, 23(1), 137–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krapp, H.G., Hengstenberg, B. and Hengstenberg, R., 1998, J. Neurophysiol., 79, 1902–1917.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kretschmann, E. and Raether, H., 1968, Z. Natureforsch, 23A, 2135–2136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kubla, G. and Hornbogen, E., 1995, J.Phys. IV, suppl. J. Phys. III, C2, 304–310.Google Scholar
Kuhne, L. and Kausch, W., 1965, Planta, 65, 27–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuksenok, O., Yashin, V.V. and Balazs, A.C., 2008, Physical Review E, 78, 041406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumagai, T., Shimozawa, T. and Baba, Y., 1998a, J. Comparative Physiology A, 183, 7–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumagai, T., Shimozawa, T. and Baba, Y., 1998b, J. Comparative Physiology A, 183, 187–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuramoto, Y., 1984, Progress in Theoretical Physics Suppl., 79, 223–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuribayashi-Shigetomi, K., Onoe, H. and Takeuchi, S., 2012, PLos ONE, 7(12), e51085.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kusaka, M. and Taya, M., 2004, J. Composite Mater, 38, 1011–1035.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuwana, Y., Shimoyama, I., 1998, Int. J. Robot. Res., 17, 924–933.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Labhart, T., 1988, Nature, 331, 435–437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambrinos, D., Möller, R., Labhart, T., Pfeifer, R. and Wehner, R., 2000, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 30, 39–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Land, M.F., 1966, J. Exp. Biol., 45, 433–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Land, M.F., 1972, Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, 1972, 24, 75–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Land, M.F., 1992, J. Insect Physiology, 38(12), 939–951.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landman, J., Chang, Y., Kavaler, E., Droller, M.J., Liu, B.S., 1998, Urology, 52, p.398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landolt, P.J., Tumlinson, J.H. and Alborn, D.H., 1999, Environm. Entomol., 28, 973–978.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lang, H.P., Berger, R., Battiston, F., Ramseyer, J.P., Meyer, E., Andreoli, C., Brugger, J., Vettiger, P., Despont, M., Mezzacasa, T., Scandella, L., Guentherodt, H.J., Gerber, C. and Gimzewski, J.K.K., 1998, Appl. Phys., A66, S61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larson, L.A., 1968, Plant Physiology, 43, 255–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laughlin, S.B., 1981, in Handbook of Sensory Physiology, VII/6B, ed. by Autrum, H., Springer, Berlin, 133–280.Google Scholar
Laurent, G., Wehr, M. and Davidowitz, H., 1996, J. Neuroscience, 16(12), 3837–3847.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, J.K. and Taya, M., 2004, Scripta Mater., 51, 443–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, T.R., Oh, K., Chung, J.H., Chang, Y.S., Choi, J.B., Yagawa, G. and Kim, J.K., 2011, Soft Matter, 7, 4325–4334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, Y.S. and Wise, K.D., 1982, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, ED-29 ,42–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lendlein, A., Schmidt, A.M. and Langer, R., 2001, Proc. National Academy of Sci., 98, 3, 842–847.Google Scholar
Lendlein, A. and Langer, R., 2002, Science, 296, 1673–1676.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lendlein, A. and Kelch, S., 2002, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 41, 2034–2057.3.0.CO;2-M>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Letty, R., Claeyssen, F., Barillot, F., Six, M.F. and Bouchilloux, P., 1998, Industry Applications Conference, Thirty-Third IAS Annual Meeting. The 1998 IEEE 12–15 Oct 1998 Volume: 1, On page(s): 213–217 vol.1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levitt, J., 1969, Introduction to Plant Physiology. CV Mosby Company, Saint Louis.Google Scholar
Lewis, B.J., 1984, Central Electricity Generating Board Internal Report, Leatherhead, U.K., p.43.Google Scholar
Lexcellent, C., Goo, B.C., Sun, Q.P. and Bernadini, J., 1996, Acta Metall., 44, 3773– 3780.Google Scholar
Li, H.F., Thundat, T., Dabestani, R., Brown, G.M., Britt, P.F. and Bonnesen, P.V., 2001, Anal. Chem., 73, 1572.Google Scholar
Li, J, Sedaghati, R, Dargahi, J and Waechter, D, 2005, Mechatronics 15, 651–681.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, M.H., Keller, P., Li, B., Wang, X. and Brunet, M., 2003, Advanced Materials, 15, 7–8, April 17, 569–572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Y. and Strausfeld, N.J., 1999, J. Comp. Neurol., 409, 647–663.3.0.CO;2-3>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Y., Hu, Z. and Chen, Y., 1997, J. Appl. Polymer Science, 63, 1173–1178.3.0.CO;2-E>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liang, C. and Rogers, C.A., 1990, J. Intell. Mater. Systems Struct., 1, 207–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liang, C. and Rogers, C.A., 1991, Proc. AIAA 32nd Structure, structural dynamics and Materials Conference.Google Scholar
Liang, Y., Kato, H. and Taya, M., 2006, Mech. Mater., 38, 564–570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liang, Y., Kato, H., Taya, M. and Mori, T., 2000, Scripta Mater., 43, 535–540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liang, Y., Wada, T., Kato, H., Tagawa, T., Taya, M. and Mori, T., 2002, Mater. Sci. Eng., A338, 89–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liang, Y., Kuga, Y. and Taya, M., 2005, Sensors and Actuators A, 125, 512–518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liang, Y., Taya, M., Xiao, J.Q. and Xiao, G., 2012, Smart Mater. Struct., 21,115005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lichodziejewski, D., Veal, G. and Derbès, B., 2002, AIAA, 2002-1701, 1–8.Google Scholar
Liedberg, B., Nylander, C., Lundstrom, I., 1995, Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 10, i–ix.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lighthill, M.J., 1960, J. Fluid Mechanics, 9, 305–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lighthill, M.J., 1970, J. Fluid Mechanics, 44, 2, 265–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lighthill, M.J., 1975, in Swimming and Flying in Nature, vol.2 ed. by Wu, T.Y-T, Brokaw, C.J. and Brennen, C., Prenum Press, New York, 423–491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lim, S.H., Kim, S.R., Kang, S.Y., Park, J.K., Nam, J.T. and Son, D., 1999, J. Magnetism and Magnetic Mater., 191, 113–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindsey, C.C., 1978, Fish Physiology, Vol. II, Locomotion, eds. Hoar, W.S. and Randall, D.J., Academic, 1–100.Google Scholar
Linsenmaier, W., 1972, Insects of the World, McGraw-Hill, New York.Google Scholar
Lippert, W. and Gentil, K., 1959, Z. Morphol. Okol. Tiere, 48, 115–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, C., Chun, S.B., Mather, P., Zheng, L, Haley, E.H. and Coughlin, E.B., 2002, Macromolecules, 35, 9868–9874.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, C., Qin, H. and Mather, P., 2007, J. Mater. Chem., 17, 1543–1558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, W.L., Chen, J.L., Huang, Z.H., Yeh, C.Y., Cheng, L.C. and Yang, T.L., 2002, Proc. of the SPIE Conf. on Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices, 4695, 486–492.Google Scholar
Llic, B., Czaplewski, D., Craighead, H.G., Neuzil, P., Campagnolo, C. and Batt, C., 2000, J. Appl. Phys. Letts, 77, 450.Google Scholar
Llic, B., Yang, Y., Craighead, H.G., 2004, Appl. Phys. Lett, 85, 2604–2606.Google Scholar
Long, K.N., Scott, T.F., Qi, H.J., Bowman, C.N. and Dunn, M.L., 2009, J. Mech.Phys. Solids, 57, 1103–1121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loui, A., Ratto, T.V., Wilson, T.S., McCall, S.K., Mukerjee, E.V., Love, A.H. and Hart, B.R., 2008, Analyst, 133, 608–615.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Low, K.H., Prabu, S. and Pattathil, A.P., 2006, Int. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on robotics and biomimetics (ROBO06), Kuming, China, 311–316.Google Scholar
Low, K.H., Zhou, C.H. and Ong, T.W., 2007, Proc., 2007 IEEE international conference on robotics and biomimetics, Dec. 15–18, 2007, Sanya, China, 535–540.Google Scholar
Lue, A.H.Y., Tomota, Y., Taya, M., Inoue, K. and Mori, T., 2000, Mater. Sci. Eng., A285, 326–337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lybubimova, M.N., Demyanovskaya, N.S., Fedorovich, I.B., and Itomlenskite, I.V., 1964, Biokhimiya, 29, 663–667(English translation).Google Scholar
MaCall, P.J., Turlings, T.C.J., Loughrin, J., Proveaux, A.T. and Tumlinson, J.H., 1994, J. Chemical Ecology, 20, 3039–3050.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacDiarmid, A.G., Jones, W.E. Jr., Norris, I.D., Cao, J., Johnson, A.T., Pinto, N.J., Hone, J., Han, B., Ko, F.K., Okuzaki, H. and Llaguno, M., 2001, Synthetic Metals, 119, 27–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McFarland, A.W., Poggi, M.A., Doyle, M.J., Bottomley, L.A. and Colton, J.S., 2005, Appl. Phys. Letts., 87, 053505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madden, J.D.W., Madden, P.G.A. and Hunter, I.W., 2002, Proc. of SPIE The International Society for Optical Engineering, 4695 (Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices), 176–190.Google Scholar
Madden, J.D.W., Schmid, B., Lafontaine, S.R., Madden, P.G.A., Hover, F.S., McLetchie, K. and Hunter, I.W., 2003, Proc. of SPIE The International Society for Optical Engineering, 5051 (Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices), 437–441.Google Scholar
Madden, J.D., 2004, Proc.of SPIE- ), vol. 5385 (Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices), 442–448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madden, J.D. and Filipozzi, L., 2005, Proc. of SPIE-vol. 5759, doi 10.1117/12.600728, pp.9–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maffei, M., Bossi, S., Spiteller, D., Mithofer, A. and Boland, W., 2004, Plant Physiol., 134, 1752–1762.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahadevan, L. and Rica, S., 2005, Science, 307, 1740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maki, T., Kobayashi, K., Minato, M. and Tamura, I., 1984, Scripta Metall., 18, 1105–1109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maki, T., 1998, in Shape Memory Materials, eds. Ohtsuka, K. and Wayman, W.C., Cambridge University Press, 117–132.Google Scholar
Malarria, J. and Sade, M., 1994, Scripta Metall. Meter., 30, 241–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martel, S. Felfoul, O., Mohammadi, , 2008, Proceedings of IEEE International Conf. on Robotics and Automation, Pasadene, CA, May 19–23, 2008, pp.264–269.Google Scholar
Martel, S., 2014, IEEE PULSE, May/June, 2014, 49–55Google Scholar
Martin, J.P, Beyerlein, A., Dacks, A.M., Reisenman, C.E., Riffell, J.A., Lei, H. and Hildebrand, J.G., 2011, Prog. Neurobiol., 95, 427–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matić, T. and Laughlin, S.B., 1981, J. Comparative Physiology, 145, 169–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsumoto, Y. and Mizunami, M., 2002, J. Exp. Biol., 205, 1429–1437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsumoto, K., Ueda, T. and Kobatake, Y., 1986, J. Theoretical Biology, 122, 339–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsumoto, A., Horie, S., Yamada, H., Matsushige, K., Kuwajima, S. and Ishida, K., 2007, Applied Physics Letters, 90(20), 202906/1–202903/3.Google Scholar
Matsumura, M., Nomura, Y. and Tsubomura, H., 1977, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 50, 10, 2533–2537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsumura, M., Matsudaira, S., Tsubomura, H., Takata, M. and Yanagida, H., 1980, Industrial Engineering, Chemical Products Research Development, 19, 415–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsunaga, Y., Tagawa, T., Wada, T. and Taya, M., 2002, Proc. of SPIE on Smart Structures and Materials, San Diego, March 17–21, 2002, vol.4699, 172–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mattioni, F., Weaver, P.M., Potter, K.D. and Friswell, M.I., 2008, Intl. J. Solids Struct., 45, 657–675.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mavroidis, C. and Dubey, A., 2003, Nature Materials, 2, 573–574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
May, W.G. Jr., 1975, “Piezoelectric electromechanical translation apparatus”, U.S. Patent 3902084.Google Scholar
McCall, P.J., Turnings, T.C.J., Loughrin, J., Proveaux, A.T., Tumlinson, J.H., 1994, J. Chem. Ecology, 20(12), 3039–3050.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCormick, D., Lozyniak, S., MacMartin, D. and Lorber, P., 2003, Proc. of the ASME Fluids Eng. Div. Summer Meeting, 2, 555–561.Google Scholar
McDermott, G., Prince, S.M., Freer, A.A., Hawthornwalte-Lawless, A.M., Papiz, M.Z., Cogdell, R. J. and Isaacs, N.W., 1995, Nature, 374, 517–521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McFarland, A.W., Poggi, M.A., Doyle, M.J., Bottomley, L.A. and Colton, J.S., 2005, Appl. Phys. Letts., 87, 053505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McIndoo, N.E., 1926, J. Econom. Entomology, 19, 545–571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKendry, R., Zhang, J., Arntz, Y., Strunz, T., Hegner, M., Lang, H.P., Baller, M.K., Certa, U., Meyer, E., Guntherodt, H.J. and Gerber, C., 2002, Proc. National Academy of Science, 99,(15), 9783–9788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKnight, G.P. and Carmen, G.P., 2001, in Proc. SPIE Symp. on Smart Materials and Structures; Active Materials, Behavior and Mechanics, ed. by Lynch, C.S., New Port Beach , CA, March 2001, 4333, 178–183.Google Scholar
McNaney, J.T., 1964, “Piezoelectric transducer force to motion converter,” U.S. Patent: 3,154,700.Google Scholar
McVeigh, M., Nagib, H., Wood, T., Kiedaisch, J., Stalker, A. and Wygnanski, I., 2004, Annual Forum Proceedings – American Helicopter Society, 60th Annual Forum Proceedings - American Helicopter Society, 24–32.Google Scholar
Meidner, H. and Sheriff, D.W., 1976, Water and Plants, John Wiley & Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Meloche, C.G., Knox, J.P. and Vaughn, K.C., 2007, Planta, 225, 485–498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melzer, B., Steinbrecher, T., Seidel, R., Kraft, O., Schwaiger, R. and Speck, T., 2010, J. Roy. Soc. Interface, 7, 1383–1389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melzer, B., Seidel, R., Steibrecher, T. and Speck, T., 2011, J. Exp. Botany, 1–11 (doi:10,1093/jxb/err260), Sept. 13, 2011.Google Scholar
Messenger, J.B., 2001, Biology Rev., 76, 473–528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Mestral, G., 1961, US patent 3,009,235.Google Scholar
Meyerhoff, M.E., Pranitis, D.M., Yim, H.S., Chaniotakis, N.A. and Park, S.B., 1989, Chapter 2, in Chemical Sensors and Microinstrumentation, ed. by Murray, R.W., et al., ACS Symp. Ser. 403, Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC, 26–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Misra, G., Dickenson, R.B. and Ladd, A.J.C., 2010, Biophysical J., 98, 2923–2932.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miura, K., 1978, Sapzio, 5, 1–5.Google Scholar
Miura, K., 2009, Proceedings of the 4th International Meeting of Origami Science, Mathematics and Education, Langer, R.J., ed., A K Peters Ltd, Matick, MA, 87–99.Google Scholar
Miura, K. and Natori, M., 1985, Space Solar Power Review, 5, 345–356.Google Scholar
Miura, K. and Tachi, T., 2010, Journal of the ISIS-Symmetry, Special Issues for the Festival-Congress Gmuend, Austria, 204–213.Google Scholar
Miyasaka, T., Ikegami, M. and Kijitori, Y., 2007, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 154 (5), A455–A461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miyata, S., Yoshikawa, M., Tasaka, S. and Ko, M., 1980, Polym. J., 12, 857–860.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mizaikoff, B., Goebel, R., Krska, R., Taga, K., Kellner, R., Tacke, M. and Katzir, A., 1995, Sensors and Actuators, B29, 58–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mizunami, M., Yamagata, N. and Nishino, H., 2010, Frontiers Behav. Neurosci., 4, 28.Google Scholar
Mizunami, M., 1990, Biol. Cybern., 64, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mizunami, M., Yokohari, F. and Takahata, M., 2004, I. Sensory and memory-processing systems, Zool. Sci., 21, 1141–1151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mizunami, M., Yokohari, F. and Takahata, M., 1999, Zool. Sci., 16, 703–709.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mlot, C., 1997, Science News, 152, 391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moffett, M.B., Clark, A.E., Wun-Fogle, M., Jinberg, J., Teter, J.P. and MacLaughlin, E.A., 1991, J. Acoutic Soc. Amer., 89(3), 1448–1455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohilner, D.M., Adams, R.N. and Argersinger, W.J. Jr., 1962, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 84, 3618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monk, P.M.S., Mortimer, R.J. and Rosseinsky, D.R., 2007, Electrochromism and Electrochromic Devices, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mori, T. and Tanaka, K., 1973, Acta metall., 21, 571–574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morito, H., Fujita, A., Fukamichi, K., Kainuma, R. and Ishida, K., 2002, Applied Physics Letts., 81(9), 1657–1659.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moriyama, Y., Hiyama, S. and Asai, H., 1998, Biophysical J., 74, 487–491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mortimer, R.J., Dyer, A.L. and Reynolds, J.R., 2006, Displays, 27, 2–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mura, T., 1987, Micromechanics of Defects in Solids, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, Chapter 4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murase, Y., Maeda, S., Hashimoto, S. and Yoshida, R., 2009, Langmuir, 25, 483–489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murlis, J., 1992, Ann. Rev. Entomol., 37, 505–532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, R.W., 1989, in Chemical Sensors and Microinstrumentation, ed. by R.W. Murray et al., Amer. Chem. Soc. ACS Symp. Ser. 403, 1–19.Google Scholar
Murray, S.J., Marioni, M., Allen, S.M., O’Handley, R.C. and Lograsso, T.A., 2000, Appl. Phys. Lett., 77, 886–888.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musall, E., Weiss, T., Voss, K., Lenoir, A., Donn, M., Cory, S. and Garde, F., 2010, EuroSun Conference, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakagawa, K. and Ishida, Y., 1973, J. Polym. Sci. Polym., 11, 2153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakagawa, K., Suzuki, S., Fujii, R., Gardiner, A.T., Cogdell, R.J., Nango, M. and Hashimoto, H., 2008, J. Phys. Chem. B, 112, 9467–9475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagata, M. and Taya, M., 2008, Annual report of AFOSR MURI, August, 2008.Google Scholar
Nagib, H., Kiedaisch, J., Greenblatt, D., Wygnanski, I. and Hassan, A., 2001, AIAA-2974.Google Scholar
Nagy, Z., Ergeneman, O., Abbott, J.J., Hutter, M., Hirt, A.M., Nelson, B.J, 2008, Proceedings of IEEE International Conf. on Robotics and Automation, Pasadene, CA, May 19-23, 2008, pp.874–879.Google Scholar
Nakano, T., 2003, Study on Actuation Design Learned from Action Plants, MS thesis, Mechanical Engineering, Gifu University, Japan.Google Scholar
Nalbach, G., 1993, J. Comparative Physiology, A, 173, 293–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Geographic Magazine, September, 2010.Google Scholar
Natori, M.C., Kishimoto, N., Higuchi, K. and Ukegawa, K., 2006, Proceedings of ICAST2006:17th International Conference on Adaptive Structures and Technologies, Oct. 16 ~ Oct. 19, Taipei, Taiwan.Google Scholar
Natori, M.C., Watanabe, N., Kishimoto, N. and Higuchi, K., (2007), Proc. of the 18th International Conf. Adaptive Structures and Technologies, Oct. 3–5, Ottawa, Canada.Google Scholar
Natori, M.C., Katsumata, N. and Yamakawa, H., 2009, Proceedings of 20th International Conference on Adaptive Structures and Technologies, October 20–22, 2009, Hong Kong, pp. 1–9.Google Scholar
Natori, M.C., Katsumata, N. and Yamakawa, H., 2010, AIAA-2010–2909, 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials (SDM) Conference, Orlando, FL, April 2010.Google Scholar
Nemat-Nasser, S. and Li, J., 2000, Journal of Applied Physics, 87(7), 3321–3331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nemat-Nasser, S. and Wu, Y., 2003, Journal of Applied Physics, 93(9), 5255–5267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nemat-Nasser, S. and Zamani, S., 2006, Journal of Applied Physics, 99, 104902.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nemoto, J., Sakata, M., Hoshi, T., Ueno, H. and Kaneko, M., 2007, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 599, 23–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nersessian, N. and Carmen, G.P., 2001, in Proc. SPIE Symp. On Smart Materials and Structures;Active Materials, Behavior and Mechanics, ed. by Lynch, C.S.., New Port Beach , CA, March 2001, 4333, 166–177.Google Scholar
Neuman, M.R. and Buckett, J.R., Thumb force and position sensors, Proc. 35th Ann. Conf. Eng. Med. Biol., Philadelphia, PA, USA, 22–24 Sept, 1982, Vol. 24, p.122.Google Scholar
Newbury, K.M. and Leo, D.J., 2002, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 13, 51–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newbury, K.M., 2002, Modeling, Characterization, and Control of Ionic Polymer Transducers, PhD Dissertation. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA.Google Scholar
Newman, J.N., 1973, J. Fluid Mechanics, 58, 4, 689–702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newman, J.N. and Wu, T.Y., 1975, in Swimming and Flying in Nature, vol.2 ed. by Wu, T.Y. et al., Prenum Press, New York, 615–634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newton, D., Garcia, E. and Horner, G.C., 1997, Smart Mater. Structs., 6, 295–304.Google Scholar
Niklas, K.J., 1992, Plant Biomechanics. An Engineering Approach to Plant Form and Function, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Nishino, H., Yoritsune, A. and Mizunami, M., 2009, Neurosci. Lett., 462, 219–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishino, H., Iwasaki, M. and Mizunami, M., 2011, Chem. Senses, 36, 261–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noda, K., Hoshino, K., Matsumoto, K. and Shimoyama, I., 2006, Sensors and Actuators A, 127, 295–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nomura, S., 1997, Insectarium, Tokyo Zoological Park Society, Ueno, Tokyo, 34: 58–66 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
Nomura, S., 2010, in Book of Extended Abstracts, of AFOSR US-Japan Workshop on Morphing Structures ed. by Sapporo, M. Taya, September 8–9, 2010, Hokkaido University.Google Scholar
Nomura, S., 2013, unpublished work.Google Scholar
Norberg, U.M., 1981, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, 292, 359–398.Google Scholar
Norris, I.D., Shaker, M.M., Ko, F.K. and MacDiarmid, A.G., 2000, Synthetic Metals, 114, 109–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oguro, K., Kawami, Y., Takenaka, H., 1992, J. Micromachine Soc., 5, 27–30.Google Scholar
Oh, K., Chung, J.H., Devasia, S. and Riley, J., 2009, Lab Chip, 9, 1561–1566.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Handley, R., 1998, J. Appl. Phys., 83, 3263–3270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohtsuka, K. and Wayman, W.C., 1998, Shape Memory Materials, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Oyama, C., Hosono, N., Nitta, K., Oheda, M., Yoshikawa, K., Habuchi, T., Arai, Y. and Fukuda, M., 2004, Glycobiology, 14, p.671.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oikawa, K., Ota, T., Ohmori, T., Tanaka, Y., Morito, H., Fujita, A., Kainuma, R, Fukamichi, K. and Ishida, K., 2002, Applied Physics letts., 81(27), 5201–5203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olberg, R.M., 2012, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 22, 267–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olbricht, B.C., Sullivan, P.A., Wen, G.A., Mistry, A., Davies, J.A., Ewy, T.R., Eichinger, B.E., Robinson, B.H., Reid, P.J. and Dalton, L.R., 2008, J. Phys. Chem. C, 112 (21), 7983–7988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Onda, T., Shibuichi, S., Satoh, N. and Tsuji, K., 1996, Langmiur, 12(9), 2125–2127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Onsager, L., 1931, Phys. Rev., 37, 405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osada, Y. and Hasebe, M., 1985, Chem. Letts., 1285–1288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oshima, R., 1981, Scrita Metall., 15, 829–833.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oshima, R., Sugimoto, S., Sugiyama, M. and Fujita, F.E., 1985, Mater. Trans JIM, 26, 523–524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oshimia, R., Muto, S. and Fujita, F.E., 1992, Mater. Trans.JIM, 33, 197–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otero, T.F., 2000, in Polymer Sensors and Actuators ed. by Osada, Y. and DeRossi, D.E., 295–323, Springer-Verlag, Berlin; Heidelberg.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otsuka, H., Yamada, H., Maruyama, T., Tanahashi, H., Matsuda, S. and Murakami, M., 1990, ISIJ International, 30(8), 674–679.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otto, A., 1968, Z. Physik, 216, 398–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pamula, V.K. and Fair, R.B., 2000, Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 44038, 547.Google Scholar
Pang, C., Lee, G., Kim, T., Kim, S.M., Kim, H.N., Ahn, S.H. and Suh, K.Y., 2012, Nature Materials, 11, September, 795–801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, J.J., 2004, PhD dissertation, University of Washington.Google Scholar
Park, J.J. and Taya, M., 2004, Electronic Letters, 40(10), 599–600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, A.R. and Lawrence, C.R., 2001, Nature, 414, 33–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, A.P. and Hardin, J.W., 1969, J. Mammal., 50, 152–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearson, K.G., 1993, Annual Review Neuroscience, 16, 265–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pelrine, R., Kornbluh, R., Pei, Q. and Joseph, J., 2000, Science, 287, 836–839.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peraza-Hernandez, E.A., Hartl, D.J., Galvan, E. and Malak, R. J. Jr., 2013a, J. Mechanical Design, 135, 1117007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peraza-Hernandez, E.A., Hu, S., Kung, H.W., Hartl, D.J. and Akleman, E., 2013b, Computer and Graphics, 37, 730–742.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peraza-Hernandez, E.A., Hartl, D.J., Malak, R. J. Jr. and Lagoudas, , 2014, Smart Materials and Structures, 23, 094001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perez-Orive, J., Bazhenov, M. and Laurent, G., 2004, J. Neurosci., 24, 6037–6047.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pfeffer, W., 1873, Physiologische Untersuchungen, Leipzig.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van del Pijl, L., 1961, Evolution, 15(1), 44–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinnaduwage, L.A., Gehl, A., Hedden, D.L., Muralidharan, G., Thundat, T., Lareau, R.T., Sulchek, T., Manning, L., Rogers, B., Jones, M. and Adams, J.D., 2003, Nature, 425, 474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinto, N.J., Ramos, I., Rojas, R., Wang, P.C. and Johnson, A.T Jr., 2008, Sensors and Actuators B, 129, 621–627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pless, S. and Torcellini, P., 2009, ASHRAE Journal, 1–12, NREL/JA-550-46382, National Renewable Energy Laboratory.Google Scholar
Polivka, T. and Sundstrom, V., 2004, Chem. Rev., 104, 2021–2071.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollack, G.H., 2004, in Design and Nature II. Comparing design in Nature with Science and Engineering, ed. by Collins, M.W., Brebbia, C.A., 433–442, WIT press, Southampton, UK.Google Scholar
Pons, J.L., Rocon, E., Forner-Cordero, A. and Moreno, J., 2007, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 27(13–15), 4191–4194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popovic, S., 2001, Design of Electroactive Polymers for Actuators, PhD dissertation , University of Washington, Mechanical Engineering.Google Scholar
Pouponneau, P., Lerouz, J-C., and Martel, S., 2009, Biomaterials, 30, 6327–6332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prévot, M.S., Sivula, K., 2013, J. Physical Chemistry, 117, 17879–17893.Google Scholar
Pringle, J.W.S., 1938, Nature, 919–920.Google Scholar
Pringle, J.W.S., 1948, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond., B233, 347–384.Google Scholar
Pudipeddi, A., Kim, D. and Kim, K.J., 2006, Proc. of SPIE on Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices, ed. by Y. Bar-Cohen, vol. 6168, 61681Y-1–Y-10.Google Scholar
Pugno, N.M., 2007, Applied Physics Letts., 90, 121918.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raschke, K., 1975, Annual Review Plant Physiology, 26, 309–340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rasnitsyn, A., 2002, Chapter 2.2 in History of Insects, ed. by Rasnitsyn, A. and Quike, D., Kluwer Academic Publishers, 75–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ratna, D. and Karger-Kocsis, J., 2008, J. Mater. Sci., 43, 254–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rayleigh, Lord, 1919, Phil. Mag., 37(6), 98–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Razeghi, M. and Henini, M., 2002, Chapter 1, in Handbook of Infrared Detection and Technologies, ed. by M. Henini and M. Razeghi, 1–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Regan, B. and Grätzel, M., 1991, Nature, 353, p.737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reichardt, W., 1961, in Sensory Communication, ed. by Rosenblith, W.A. 303–317, Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Reichardt, W., 1987, J. Comparative Physiology, 161, 533–547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Remane, A., Storch, V. and Welsch, U., 1976, Systematische Zoologie, Fisher, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Rich, R. L. and Myszka, D.G., 2002, J. Molecular Recognition 15, 352–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richard, O.W. and Davies, R.G., 1977, IMMS’ General Textbook of Entomology, 10th edition, volume 1. Structure, Physiology and Development, Chapman and Hall, London.Google Scholar
Richel, A. and Johnson, N.P., 2000, Applied Physics Letters, 76(14), 1816–1818.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robards, A.W., 1974, Dynamic Aspects of Plant Ultrastructure, Mc Graw Hill Book Co., London.Google Scholar
Rogaliski, A., 2002, in Handbook of Infrared Detection and Technologies, ed. by M. Henini and M. Razeghi,5–81.Google Scholar
Roszak, A.W., Howard, T.D., Southall, J., Gardiner, A.T., Law, C.J., Isaacs, N.W. and Cogdell, R.J., 2003, Science, 302, 1969–1972.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowe, G.I. and Mamishev, A.V., 2004, SPIE 9th Annual International Symposium on NDE for Health Monitoring and Diagnostics, Vol.5394, ed. by T. Kundu, 493–500.Google Scholar
Ruck, P. ,1961, Biol. Bull., 120, 375–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruggeri, R., Jacot, D. and Clingman, D., 2002, Proc. SPIE 4698, Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Materials, ed. A.M. McGowan, 0277–786x/02.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryu, J., Carazo, A.F., Uchino, K. and Kim, H., 2001, Japanese J. Applied Physics, 40, 4948–4951.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saburi, T., 1998, in Shape Memory Materials, ed. by Otsuka, K. and Wayman, C.M., Cambridge University Press, 49–96.Google Scholar
Saburi, T., Komatsu, T., Nenno, S. and Watanabe, Y., 1986, Less Common Metals, 118, 217–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sade, M., Rapacioli, R. and Ahlers, M., 1985, Acta Metall., 40, 501–511.Google Scholar
Sado, Y., Saito, C., Furuya, Y., Kishi, Y., Yajima, Z. and Okazaki, T., 2011, Japanese J. Applied Physics., 50, 113001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saito, Y., Takao, H., Tani, T., Nonoyama, T., Takatori, K., Homma, T., Nagaya, T. and Nakamura, M., 2004, Letters to Nature, 432, 84–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakamoto, T., Fukuda, T., Kakeshita, T., Takeuchi, T. and Kishio, K., 2003, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 8647–8649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakura, M., Lambrinos, D. and Labhart, T., 2008, J. Neurophysiol., 99, 667–682.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakura, M., Okada, R. and Mizunami, M., 2002, J. Comp. Physiol. A., 188, 787–797.Google Scholar
Sakurai, H. and Masukawa, H., 2007, Marine Technology, 9, 128–145.Google Scholar
Sanderlund, S., Fahlander, M., Cedell, T., Clark, A.E., Resorff, J.B. and Fogle, M.W., 1994, J. Appl. Phys., 75(10), 5656–5658.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sane, S.P., Dieudonné, A., Willis, M. A. and Daniel, T.L., 2007, Science, 315, 863–866.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sangeetha, R., Kumar, R., Venkatesan, R., Doble, M., Vedaprakash, L., Kruparatnam, , Lakshmi, K. and Dineshram, , 2010, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 30, 112–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sangiovanni, G., 1819, Gionale Enciclopedico di Napoli, 13th year, vol.III (Settembre), 351–361.Google Scholar
Sangiovanni, G. 1829, Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 16, 308–315.Google Scholar
Satir, P., 1965, J. Cell Biology, 26, 805–834.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Satir, P., 1968, J. Cell Biology, 39, 77–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sato, A., Chishima, E., Soma, K. and Mori, T., 1982, Acta Metallurgica, 30(6), 1177–1183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sato, A and Mori, T., 1986, Proc. Shape memory alloy ’86, ed. C. Yougi, T.Y. Hsu and T. Ko, Guilin, China.Google Scholar
Sato, A., Kubo, H. and Maruyama, T., 2006, Materials Transactions, 47(3), 571–579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Satoh, H., Ueda, T. and Kobatake, Y., 1985, Experimental Cell Research, 156, 79–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saya, D., Belaubre, P., Mathieu, F., Lagrange, D., Pourciel, J-B. and Bergaud, C., 2005, Sensors and Actuators A, 123–124, 23–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sberveglieri, G., Comini, E., Faglia, G., Niederjaufner, G., Benussi, G., Contarini, G. and Povolo, M., 1998, Semin. Food Anal., 3, 67–76.Google Scholar
Schamei, D., Mark, A.G., Gibbs, J. G., Miksch, C., Morzov, K.I., Leshansky, A.M., and Fischer, P., 2014, ACS Nano, 8(9), 8794–8801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schiestl, F.P, Peakall, R., Mant, J-G., Ibarra, F., Schulz, C., Franke, S. and Franke, W., 2003, Science, 302: 437–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schuster, H.G. and Wagner, P., 1989, Progress in Theoretical Physics, 81, 939–945.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Selverston, A.L., Panhin, Y.V., Arshavsky, Y.I. and Orlovsky, G.N., 1997, in Neurons, Networks, and Motor Behavior, ed. by Stein, P.S.G., et al., The MIT Press, Cambridge,105–117.Google Scholar
Sepaniak, M.J., Tromberg, B.J., Alarie, J.P., Bowyer, J.R., Hoyt, A.M. and Vo-Dinh, T., 1989, Chap.21 in Chemical Sensors and Microinstrumentation, ed. by Murray, R.W. et al., ASC Symp Series, 403,. 318–330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Servant, A., Qiu, F., Mazza, M., Kostarelos, K. and Nelson, B.J., 2015, Advanced Materials, 27, 2981–2988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sfakiotakis, M., Lane, M. and Davies, B.C., 1999, IEEE J. Ocean Eng., 24(2), 237–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shahinpoor, M., 1999, SPIE Conference on Electro-Active Polymer Actuators and Devices, Vol. 3669, 109–121.Google Scholar
Shibaoka, T., 1966, Symp. Society for Experimental Biology, 20, 165–184.Google Scholar
Shibaoka, T., 1969, Annual Rev. Plant Physiology, 20, 165–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shibata, M. and Ono, K., 1977, Acta Metall., 25, 35 –42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shimamoto, A. and Taya, M., 1997, Trans. JSME, 63, 605, 26–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shimmen, T., Ridge, R.W., Lambiris, I., Plazinski, J., Yokota, E. and Williamson, R. E., 2000, Plant Myosins. Protoplasma, 214, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shimozawa, T. and Kanou, M., 1984a, J. Comparative Physiology A, 155, 485–493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shimozawa, T. and Kanour, M., 1984b, J. Comparative Physiology A, 155, 495–505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shimozawa, T., Kumagai, T. and Baba, Y., 1998, J. Comparative Biology, 183, 171–186.Google Scholar
Shomura, Y., Yoon, K.S., Nishihara, H. and Higuchi, Y., 2011, Nature Letts., 479, 253–257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shugo, Y., Hasegawa, H. and Honma, T., 1981, Bulletin of Research Institute of Mineral Dressing of Metals, Tohoku University,37, 79–88.Google Scholar
Shyy, W., Aono, H., Kang, C.K. and Liu, H., 2013, An Introduction to Flapping Wing Aerodynamics, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silk, W.K., 1989, J. Theoretical Biology, 136, 311–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silk, W.K. and Hubbard, M., 1991, J. Biomechanics, 24(7), 599–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silk, W.K. and Holbrook, N.M., 2005, American Journal of Botany, 92(11), 1820–1826.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silverman, H.G. and Roberto, F.F., 2007, Marine Biotechnology, 9, 661–681.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, P., 1992, The Action Plant, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford.Google Scholar
Simon, R., Holderied, M.W., Koch, C.U. and von Helvensen, O., 2011, Science, 333, 631–633.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skotheim, T.A., Elsenbaumer, R.L. and Reynolds, J.R., 1998, Handbook of Conducting Polymers, 2nd edn., Marcel Dekker, New York.Google Scholar
Smart, J. and Hughes, N.F., 1972, in Insect/Plant Reationships: Symposium, Royal Entomological Society London, no.6, 143–155.Google Scholar
Smits, J.G. and Choi, W., 1991, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control., 38(3), 256–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smolensky, G.A. and Isupov, V.A., 1954, Zh. Tech. Fiz., 24, 1375.Google Scholar
Smolensky, G.A., Isupov, V.A., Agranovskaya, A.I. and Krainic, N.N., .1961, Sov. Phys.-Solids State, 2(11), 2651–2654.Google Scholar
Smolensky, G.A., 1970, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 28, Suppl., 26.Google Scholar
Snodgrass, R.E., 1952, A Textbook of Arthropod Anatomy, Cornell University Press, Ithaca.Google Scholar
Snow, R., 1924, Proc. Royal Soc. London B96, 349–374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sohmura, T., Oshima, R. and Fujita, F.E., 1980, Scrita Metall., 14, 855–856.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sokhanvar, S., Packirisamy, M. and Dargahi, J., 2007, Smart Mater. Struct., 16,989–998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solymar, L and Walsh, D., 1988, Lectures on the electrical properties of materials, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Someya, T., Sekitani, Tsuyoshi, Iba, Shingo, Kato, Yusaku, Kawaguchi, Hiroshi and Sakurai, Takayasu, 2004, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 101, 9966–9970.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorab, J., Allen, R.H. and Gonik, B., 1988, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., BME-35 (1988) 1090–1093.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sparks, D.L., Kristan, W.B. and Shaw, B.K., 1997, in Neurons, Networks, and Motor Behavior, ed. by Stein, P.S.G. et al., The MIT press, Cambridge, 21–32.Google Scholar
Spetz, A.L., Tobias, P., Uneus, L., Svenningstorp, H., Ekedahl, L.G. and Lundrom, I., 2000, Sensors and Actuators B, 70, 67–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spinks, G.M., Wallace, G.G., Fifield, L.S., Dalton, L.R., Mazzoldi, A., DeRossi, D, Khayrullin, I.I. and Baughman, B.H., 2002, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 706, Making Functional Materials and Nanotubes, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, Z9.11–22.Google Scholar
Srinivasan, M.V., Lehrer, M., 1984, J. Comp. Physiol. A., 155, 297–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srinivasan, M.V., 2011, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 21, 535–543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srirangan, K., Pyne, M.E. and Chou, C.P., 2011, Bioresource Technology, 102, 8589–8604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stahlberg, R. and Cosgrove, D. J., 1997, Plant Cell Environment, 20, 1135–1144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stahlberg, R. and Van Volkenburgh, E., 1999, Planta, 208, 188–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stahlberg, R. and Taya, M., 2006, Chap 19, in Biomimics-Mimicking and Inspired by Biology, ed. by Bar-Cohan, Y., CRC press, Boca Raton, FL, 2006, 473–493.Google Scholar
Stalmans, R., Van Humbeeck, J. and Delaey, L., 1992, Acta Metall. 40(3), 501–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stebbins, G.L., 1970, Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1, 307–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stern, K., 2003, Introductory Plant Biology, edition 9, page 444.Google Scholar
Stibitz, G.R., 1964, “Incremental feed mechanisms”, U.S. Patnet 3138749.Google Scholar
Stokes, G.G., 1851, Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc., 9: 8ff (Reprinted in Mathematical and physical papers, vol. III, pp.1–14, Cambridge University Press, 1901).Google Scholar
Stopfer, M., Bhagavan, S., Smith, B.H. and Laurent, G., 1997, Nature, 390, 70–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strnadel, S., Ohashi, S., Ohtsuka, H., Miyazaki, S. and Ishihara, T., 1995, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 202, 187–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strausfeld, N.J. and Lee, J.K., 1991, Visual Neuroscience, 7, 13–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Su, F.Y., Xu, C., Taya, M., Murayama, K., Shinohara, Y. and Nishimura, S., 2009, Sensor, 8, 4282–4295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sudo, S., Segawa, S. and Honda, T., 2006, J. Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 17, 729–736.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suemori, Y., Fujii, K., Ogawa, M., Nakamura, Y., Shinohara, K., Nagagawa, K., Nagata, M., Iida, K., Dewa, T., Yamashita, K. and Nango, M., 2007, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 56, 182–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sugi, H., 2006, What are Electric Signals in Biology?, Blue Backs Series, Koudansha, Tokyo.Google Scholar
Sumiyama, K., Shiga, M. and Nakamura, Y., 1983, Phys. Stat. Soli. (a), 76, 747–751.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sugiyama, M., Oshima, R. and Fujita, F.E., 1984, Mater. Trans. JIM., 25, 585–592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sugiyama, M, Oshima, R. and Fujita, F.E., 1986, Mater. Trans. JIM., 27, 719–730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, Q.P. and Hwang, K.C., 1993, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 41(1), 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suo, Z, Zhao, X., Hong, W., Zhou, J., and Greene, W.H., 2008, Proc. SPIE vol. 6927, 692710,doi:10.1117/12.777067.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sure, G.N. and Brown, L.C., 1985, Scrita Metall. Mater., 19, 401–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutou, Y., Kainuma, R. and Ishida, K., 1999, Mater. Sci. Eng., A273, 375–379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutou, Y., Imano, Y., Koeda, N., Omori, T., Kainuma, R. and Ishida, K., 2004, Applied Physics Letts., 85(19), 4358–4360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutou, Y., Omori, T., Kainuma, R. and Ishida, K., 2008, Mater. Sci. Tech., 24 (8), 896–901.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suzuki, K., Najafi, K. and Wise, K.D., 1990, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 37(1990), 1852–1859.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swartz, S.M., Benett, M.B. and Carrier, D.R., 1992, Nature, 359, 726–729.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swartz, S.M., Groves, M.S., Kim, H.D., and Walsh, W.R., 1996, J. Zoology, London, 239, 357–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swartz, S.M., 2010, in Book of Extended Abstracts, of AFOSR US-Japan workshop on Morphing Structures, ed. by Sapporo, M. Taya, September 8–9, 2010, Hokkaido University.Google Scholar
Tabata, O., Hirasawa, H., Aoki, S., Yoshida, R. and Kokufuta, E., 2002, Sensors and Actuators, A, 95, 234–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tada, H., Paris, P.C. and Irwin, G.R., 1973, The Stress Analysis of Cracks Handbook, Del Research Coorporation, Hellertown, PA., 3–7.Google Scholar
Tadaki, T., 1998, in Shape Memory Materials, ed. by Ohstuka, K. and Wayman, W.C., Cambridge University Press, 97–116.Google Scholar
Tadokoro, S., Yamagami, S. and Takamori, T., 2000, IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Autom., 1340–1346.Google Scholar
Taiz, L., 1984, Annual Rev. Plant Physiology, 35, 585–657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taiz, L. and Zeiger, E., (2002), Plant physiology, (3rd edition) Sinauer Associates Inc. Publishers, Sunderland, MA, p. 319.Google Scholar
Takamatsu, A., Fujii, T. and Endo, I., 2000, Physcial Review Letts, 85(9), 2026–2029.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takamatsu, A., Tanaka, R., Yamada, H., Nakagaki, T., Fujii, T. and Endo, I., 2001, Physical Review Letters, 87(7), 078102–1 ~4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takamatsu, A., Takaba, E. and Takizawa, G., 2009, J. Theoretical Biology, 256, 29–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takashima, K., Yoshinaka, K., Okazaki, T. and Ikeuchi, K., 2005, Sensors and Actuators A, 119, 372–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamagawa, H., 2010, Materials letts., 64, 749–751.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamagawa, H. and Taya, M., 2000, Mater. Sci. and Eng., A285, 314–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tammero, L. F. and Dickinson, M.H., 2002, J. Exp. Biology, 205, 327–343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanaka, K., 1986, Res Mechanica, 18, 251–263.Google Scholar
Tanaka, T., Nishio, I., Sun, S.T. and Nishio, S.U., 1982, Science, 218, 467–469.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanaka, M., Miyata, K., Nishizawa, T. and Chonan, S., 2005, Smart Materials and Structures, 14 (2005), 483–487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, W. and Sandström, R., 1993, Materls& Design, 14, 103–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanigawa, H., Ishihara, T., Hirata, M. and Suzuki, K.,1985, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, ED-32, 1191–1195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanizawa, K. and Miura, K., 1978, Trans. Japan Soc. Aeronautical and Space Science, 20(50), 177–187.Google Scholar
Tard, C. and Pickett, C.J., 2009, Chem. Rev., 109, 2245–2274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taya, M., Hayashi, S., Kobayashi, A.S. and Yoon, H.S., 1990, J. Am. Ceramic Soc., 73(5), 1382–1391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taya, M., Kim, W.J. and Ono, K., 1998, Mech. Mater., 28, 53–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taya, M., 1999, Composites: Part A, 30, 531–536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taya, M., 2003, in Proc. of SPIE Symposium on Electroactive Polymers and Devices, ed. by Bar-Cohen, Y., San Diego, CA, vol. 5051, 54–65.Google Scholar
Taya, M., Almajid, A., Dunn, M. and Takahashi, F., 2003, Sensors and Actuators, A, 107, 248–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taya, M., 2005, Electronic Composites, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taya, M., 2006a, Private Photo Collection Taken in Yakutat, Alaska.Google Scholar
Taya, M., 2006b, Annual report to Boeing Company, “Design of Electrochromic Windows.”Google Scholar
Taya, M., Stahlberg, R., Li, F. and Zhao, Y., 2007, SPIE Proc. vol. 6529, Sensor and Smart Structures Tech. for Civil, Mechanical and Aersopace Systems, ed. by M. Tomikazu, CB Yun and V. Giugiutiu, 652902,1–11.Google Scholar
Taya, M., Howie, T., Liang, Y. and Ko, F., 2010, Annual report to AFOSR on super configurable multifunctional structures, FA9550-09–1-0584.Google Scholar
Taya, M., Liang, Y., Namli, O.C., Tamagawa, H. and Howie, T., 2013, Smart Materials and Structures, 22, 105003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taya, M. and Mura, T., 1974, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 10, 197–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, Sir G.I., 1952, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., A211, 225–239.Google Scholar
Taylor, C.J.L., 2006, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 53, 30–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tenzer, P.E. and Mrad, R.B., 2004, IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatronics, 9(2), 427–435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tetelin, A. and Pellet, C. 2006, IEEE Sensor, J., 6(3), 714–720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, S., William, M. and Bassman, L., 2006, 5th Plant Biomechanics Conference, Stockholm, August 28–September 1, 2006.Google Scholar
Thompson, W. (Lord Kelvin), 1856, Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 146, 649–751.Google Scholar
Tickle, R. and James, R.D., 1999, J. Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 195, 627–638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tierno, P., Golestanian, R., Pagonabarraga, I. and Sagués, F., 2008, J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 16525–16528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tiwari, R. and Garcia, E., 2011, Smart Mater. Struct., 20, 083001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tiwari, R. and Kim, K.J., 2008, Proc. of SPIE, vol. 6932, 6923H-1 – H-12.Google Scholar
Tong, H.C. and Wayman, C.M., 1974, Acta Metall., 22, 887–896.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Toonder, J., Bos, F., Broer, D., Filippini, L., Gillies, M., de Goede, J., Mol, T., Rejime, M., Talen, W., Wilderbeek, H., Khatavkar, V. and Anderson, P., 2008, Lab Chip, 8, 533–541.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torcellini, P., Pless, S., Deru, M. and Crawley, D., 2006, ACEEE Summer Study Conference Paper, 1–15, NREL/CP-550-39833, National Renewable Energy Laboratory.Google Scholar
Toriyama, H., 1955, Cytologia (Tokyo), 20, 367–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toriyama, H. and Jaffe, M.J., 1972, Plant Physiology, 49, 72–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toriyama, H. and Sato, S., 1968, Proc. Japan Academy, 45, 175–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tseng, F.G., Yang, C.S. and Pan, L.C., 2004, IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, Technical Digest, 17th, Maastricht, Netherlands, Jan. 25–29, 564–567, 2004.Google Scholar
Tsubomura, H., Matsumura, M., Nomura, Y. and Amamiya, T., 1976, Nature, 261(5559), 402–403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsuchiya, K., Ohtoyo, D., Nakamura, H., Umemoto, M. and McCormick, P.G., 2000, Mater. Trans. JIM, 41, 938–942.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turill, F.M., 1936, American J. Botany, 23, 255–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turlings, T.C.J., Tumlinson, J.H. and Lewis, W.J., 1990, Science, 250, 1251–1253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uchida, M. and Taya, M., 2001, Polymer, 42, 9281–9285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uchino, K., 2006, J. Electroceram, 20, 301–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uchino, K., 2008, Proc. Actuator 2008, Messe Bremen, C3.0., 1–6.Google Scholar
Uchino, K., 2010a, Proc. Actuator 2010, Messe Bremen, A3.0., 1–8.Google Scholar
Uchino, K., 2010b, Advanced Piezoelectric Materials – Science and Technology, Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ueda, T., Matsumoto, K., Akitaya, T. and Kobatake, Y., 1986, Experimental Cell Research, 162, 486–494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ukegawa, K. and Natori, M.C., 2005, 47th JSASS/JSME Conf. Structures, Kanazawa, Japan, in Japanese.Google Scholar
Ullako, K., Huang, J.K., Kokorin, V.V. and O’Handley, R., 1997, Scrita Metll., 36, 1133–1138.Google Scholar
Umemoto, M. and Wayman, C.M., 1978, Acta Met., 26, 1529–1549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Umemoto, S., Matsumura, T., Sakai, T. and Okui, N., 1993, Polymer Gels and Networks, 1, 115–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaia, R. and Bauer, J., 2008, Science, 319, 420–421.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vasil’ev, A.N., Bozhko, A.D., Khovailo, V.V., Dikshitein, I.E., Shavrov, V.G., Buchilnikov, V.D., Matsumoto, M., Suzuki, S., Takagi, T. and Tani, J., 1999, Phys. Rev., B59, 1113–1120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaughan, M.E., 2001, The Design, Fabrication, and Modeling of a Piezoelectric Linear Motor, M.S. Thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.Google Scholar
Vereschi, E., 1971, Z. Vergl. Physiol., 75, 143–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vignais, P.M. and Billoud, B., 2007, Chem. Rev., 107, 4206–4272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vincent, J.F.V., 1982, Structural Biomaterials, John Wiley & Sons, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Virji, A., Huang, J., Kaner, R.B. and Weiller, B.H., 2004, Nano Letts, 4(3), 491–496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volkov, A.G., Adesima, T. and Jovanov, E., 2008, Bioelectrochemistry, 74, 16–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vukusic, P., Samples, J.R., Lawrence, C.R. and Wakely, G., 2001, J. Appl. Optics, 40, 1116–1125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wada, T. and Taya, M., 2002, Proc. of SPIE, 4699, 294–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wada, T., Lee, C.C., Chen, H.H., Kusaka, M. and Taya, M., 2003, Proc. SPIE vol. 5054, Smart Structures and Materials 2003: Industrial and Commercial Applications, ed. by E H Anderson. 125–134.Google Scholar
Wagner, D.L., Ferguson, D., McCabe, T.L. and Reardon, R.C., 2001, US Department of Agriculture.Google Scholar
Wagner, H., 1986, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, 312, 581–595.Google Scholar
Wainwright, S.A., 1980, The Mechanical Properties of Biological Materials, Cambridge University Press, 437–453.Google Scholar
Waite, J.H., 1987, International J. Adhesion and adhesives, 7(1), 9–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waite, J.H., 1999, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 875, 301– 309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walatka, V.V. Jr., Labes, M.M. and Perlstein, J.H., 1973, Phys. Rev. Lett., 31, 1139–1142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walcott, B., 1975, in The Compound Eye and Vision of Insects, ed. by Horridge, G.A., 20–33, Oxford Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Walt, D.R., Munkholm, C., Yuan, P., Luo, S. and Barnard, S., 1989, in Chemical Sensors and Microinstrumentation, ed. by Murray, R.W., et al., American Chemical Society Series, 403, 252–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walter, H. 1946, Grundlagen des Pflanzenlebens und ihre Beteutung fur den Menschen, Verlage Eugen Ulmer, StuttgartGoogle Scholar
Walton, P.D., 1988, Principles and Practices of Plant Science, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Wang, J., Xu, C., Taya, M. and Kuga, Y., 2006a, J. Mater. Res.-Mechanics of Biological and Biomimetic Materials at Small Length-Scales, 21(8), 2018–2022.Google Scholar
Wang, J., Xu, C., Taya, M. and Kuga, Y., 2006b, Proc. of SPIE The International Society for Optical Engineering, 6168 , 61680R1–10.Google Scholar
Wang, J., Xu, C., Taya, M. and Kuga, Y., 2007, Proc. of SPIE The International Society for Optical Engineering, 6524, 65241K.Google Scholar
Wang, J., Xu, C., Taya, M. and Kuga, Y., 2008, Proc. of SPIE The International Society for Optical Engineering, 6927, 69271B.Google Scholar
Wang, J., Sato, H., Xu, Chunye and Taya, M., 2009, J. Applied Physics, 105, 083515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, L. and Beebe, D.J., 2000, Sensors and Actuators A, 84, 33–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, F., Wang, W.G., Wang, H.Y., Si, G., Tung, C.H. and Wu, L.Z., 2012, Amer. Chem. Soc. Catalysis, 2, 407–416.Google Scholar
Ward, D.P., 2006, Out of Thin Air, Joseph Herry Press, Washington DC.Google Scholar
Was, S.G. and Sands, R.R.,1999, Proc. of SPIE The International Society for Optical Engineering (1999), 3669 (Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices), 2–10.Google Scholar
Waters, W.A. and White, J.E., 1968, J. Chem. Soc. C., 740–745.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wayman, C.M., 1971, Scripta metal., 5, 489–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wayman, C.M. and Duering, T.W., 1990, in Engineering Aspects of Shape Memory Alloys, ed. Duering, by T.W. et al., Butterworth-Heinemann, 3–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wasserthal, L.T., 1982a, J. Comparative Physiology, B, 147, 27–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wasserthal, L.T., 1982b, Verhandlungen der Deutschen zoologishen Gesselshaft,105–116.Google Scholar
Wasserthal, L.T., 1983, Zoomorphology, 103, 177–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watanabe, H., Haupt, S.S., Nishino, H., Nishikawa, M. and Yokohari, F., 2012, J. Comp. Neurol., 520, 1687–1701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watanabe, H., Matsumoto, S.C., Nishino, H. and Mizunami, M., 2011, Neurobiol. Learn. Mem., 95, 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watanabe, K., Hoshino, T., Kanda, K., Haruyama, Y. and Matsui, S., 2005, Japanese J. Appl. Phys., 44(1), L48–L50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watanabe, Y., Miyazaki, E. and Okada, H., 2002, Materials Transactions, 43, 974–983.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waters, W.A. and White, J.E., 1968, J. Chem. Soc. C., 740–745.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weber, H., 1930, Biologie der Hemipteran, Eine Naturgeschichte der Schnabelkerfe, Springer, Berlin, 543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, P.J., Ziebeck, K.R.A., Town, S.L. and Peak, M.S., 1984, Phil. Mag., B49, 295–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wehner, R., (1992), Chapter 3. Arthropods. In: Animal Homing, ed. by Papi, F., Chapman & Hall, London, 45–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wehner, R., (1994), in Neural Basis of Behavioural Adaptations, ed. by Schildberger, K. and Elsner, N., Gustav Fisher Verlag, New York, 103–143.Google Scholar
Wehner, R., Michel, B. and Antonsen, P., 1996, J. Exp. Biol., 199, 129–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wehner, R., 2003, J. Comp. Physiol. A., 189, 579–588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinberg, M.S., 1999, Journal of Microelectromechanical systems, 8(4), 529–533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weis-Fogh, T. and Jensen, M., 1956, Phill.. Trans.Royal Society, London B, 239, 415–484.Google Scholar
Weis-Fogh, T., 1972, J. Exp. Biology, 56, 79–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weis-Fogh, T., 1973, J. Exp. Biology, 59, 169–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welsh, D.M., Kumar, A., Morvant, M.C. and Reynolds, J.R., 1999, Synthetic Metals, 102, 967–968.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wenzel, R.N., 1936, Ind. Eng. Chem., 28, 988–994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westbrook, K.K., Mather, P.T., Parakh, V., Dunn, M.L., Ge, Q., Lee, B.M. and Qi, H.J., 2011, Smart Materials and Structures, 20, 065010(9pp).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willmott, A.P. and Ellington, C.P., 1997a, J. Exp. Biology, 200, 2705–2722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willmott, A.P. and Ellington, C.P., 1997b, J. Exp. Biology, 200, 2723–2745.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, D.M., Dunman, K., Roppel, T. and Kalim, R., 2000, Sensors and Actuators, B62, 199–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiegmann, M., 2005, Aquat. Sci., 67, 166–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkie, D.R., 1977, in Scale Effects in Animal Locomotion, ed. by Pedley, T. J., Academic Press, 23–36.Google Scholar
Wilson, S.J. and Hutley, M.C., 1982, Optica Acta, 29(7), 993–1009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wise, S.D.K. and Angell, J.B., 1973, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., BME-20, 101–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wohltjen, H., Barger, W.R., Snow, A.W. and Jarvis, N. L., 1985, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, ED-32, 7, 1170–1174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolffenbuttel, M.R., Li, Y.X., Poenar, D., French, P.J., Regtien, P.P.L. and Wolffenbuttel, R.F. Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Solid-Stage Sensors and Actuators (Transducers’93), Yokohama, Japan, 7-10 June, 1993, 284–287.Google Scholar
Wood, R.J., 2008, IEEE Trans. Robotics, 24 (2), 341–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, R.J., Avadhanula, S., Sahai, R., Steltz, E. and Fearing, R.S., 2008, J. Mechanical Design, 130, 052304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, T.Y., 1971a, J. Fluid Mechanics, 46, 337–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, T.Y., 1971b, J. Fluid Mechanics, 46, 521–544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, T.Y., 1971c, J. Fluid Mechanics, 46, 545–568.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, T.Y. and Newman, N.J., 1972, Proc. Intl. Symp., on Directional stability and control of bodies moving in water, London, Institute of Mechanical Engineers.Google Scholar
Wu, G., Datar, R.H., Hansen, K.M., Thundat, T., Cote, R.J. and Majundar, A., 2001, Nature Biotechnology, 19, 856–860.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, H., Zou, K., Zhang, T., Borst, A. and Kühnlenz, K., 2012, Biol. Cybern., 106, 453–463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, W.C., Wood, R.J. and Fearing, R.S., 2002, Proc. IEEE, Robotics and Automation, Proc. ICRA’02 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, vol.1, 60–65, doi: 10.1109/ROBOT.2002.1013339.Google Scholar
Wuttig, M., Li, J., Tsuchiya, K., and James, R.D., 2000, J. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 4707.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wygnanski, I..,1997, AIAA 97-2117.Google Scholar
Xu, C., Tamagawa, H., Uchida, M., Popovic, S. and Taya, M., 2001, Photo and electroactive color changeable acrylamide gel actuator, Proc. SPIE, 4329, ed. by Y. Bar-Cohen, 256–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, C., Liu, L., Legenski, S., Ning, D. and Taya, M., 2004, J. Materials Research, 19, 7, 2072–2080.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamada, K., Nishihara, M., Tanabe, M., Shimazoe, M. and Matsuoka, Y., 1982, IEEE Trans. Electronic Devices, 29(1), 71–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamada, Y., Taya, M. and Watanabe, R., 1993, Materials Trans. JIM, 34, 3, 254–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamamoto, H., Ogawa, T. and Nishida, A., 1997, J. Marine Biotechnology, 5, 133–136.Google Scholar
Yamamoto, T., Taya, M., Sutou, Y., Liang, Y., Wada, T. and Sorensen, L., 2004, Acta. Mater, 52, 5083–5091.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamamoto, T. and Taya, M., 2007, Applied Phys. Letters, 90, 251905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, M., Agarwal, R. and Fleming, G.R., 2001, J. Photochem. Photobiol., 142, 107–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, B. and Zhu, Z., 1997, IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatronics, 2(1), 22–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yashin, V.V. and Balazs, A.C., 2006, Science, 314, 798–801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yashin, V.V. and Balazs, A.C., 2007, J. Chemical Physics, 126, 124707.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yasuda, H., Yein, T., Tachi, T., Miura, K. and Taya, M., 2013, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A, 469, 20130351.Google Scholar
Yeo, T.L. and Grattan, K.T.V., 2008, Sensors and Actuators, A144, 280–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoneyama, T. and Miyazaki, S., editors, 2009, Shape Memory Alloys for Biomedical Applications, Woodhead Publishing Ltd and CRC Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Yoshida, R., Takahashi, T., Yamaguchi, T. and Ichijo, H., 1996, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118, 5134–5135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshida, R., Kokufuta, E. and Yamaguchi, T., 1999, Chaos, 9(2), 260–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshida, R., 2010, Advanced Materials, 1–21.Google Scholar
Yoshimoto, Y., Sasaki, T. and Kamiya, N., 1981, Protoplasma, 100, 159–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshimoto, Y., Matsumura, F. and Kamiya, N., 1981, Cell Motility, 1, 433–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshimoto, Y., Yoshikawa, K. and Mori, Y., 1993, Phys. Rev. E47, p.864.Google Scholar
Zentz, F., Hellio, C., Valla, A., Dela Boise, D., Bremer, G. and Labia, R., 2002. Marine Biotechnology, 4, 431–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, X., Bharti, V., Zhang, Q.M., Ramotowski, T., Tito, F. and Ting, R., 1998, Appl. Phys. Lett., 73, 2054–2056.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, B and Zhu, Z., 1997, IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatronics, 2(1), 22–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Q.M., Bharti, V. and Zhao, X., 1998, Science, 280, 2101–2104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Q.M. and Scheinheim, J., 2001, Chapter 4, in Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Artificial Muscles, ed. by Bar-Cohen, Y., SPIE press, 89–120.Google Scholar
Zimmermann, U., Zhu, J., Meinzer, F., Goldstein, G., Schneider, H., Zimmermann, G., Benkert, R, Thurmer, F, Melcher, P, Webb, D. and Haase, A., 1994, Botanica Acta, 107, 218–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zook, J.M., 2005, Neuroscience Abstract, 78, 21Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×