Chapter 6 explores magnetoencephalography (MEG), a neuroimaging technique that measures magnetic fields generated by neural activity with millisecond temporal precision. Starting with MEG’s development by David Cohen in 1967 and the crucial introduction of SQUID sensors, the chapter examines how MEG differs from EEG while measuring activity from the same neural sources. While EEG predominantly detects signals from gyri parallel to the skull, MEG captures perpendicular signals from sulci with superior spatial resolution as magnetic fields pass unimpeded through tissue. The practical aspects of MEG acquisition are covered, including participant preparation, artifact removal, and the importance of structural MRI for anatomical coregistration. The chapter addresses source localization challenges, such as the inverse problem of determining which neuronal sources created the detected signals, and explores solutions ranging from single dipole models to distributed approaches using anatomical constraints. Clinical applications in epilepsy and presurgical mapping are discussed, as is the complementary nature of combining MEG with other imaging modalities, particularly fMRI, to leverage their respective spatial and temporal strengths for comprehensive brain activity visualization.