Book contents
- Cambridge Guide to Mentalization-Based Treatment (MBT)
- Cambridge Guides to the Psychological Therapies
- Reviews
- Cambridge Guide to Mentalization-Based Treatment (MBT)
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Preface
- A Note from the Series Editor
- Acknowledgments
- Part I Overview of the Model
- Part II The Mentalization-Based Treatment Model in Practice
- Part III Application and Adaptations for Mental Health Presentations
- Part IV Application of Mentalization-Based Treatment in Different Populations and in Different Settings
- Index
- References
Part III - Application and Adaptations for Mental Health Presentations
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 May 2023
Book contents
- Cambridge Guide to Mentalization-Based Treatment (MBT)
- Cambridge Guides to the Psychological Therapies
- Reviews
- Cambridge Guide to Mentalization-Based Treatment (MBT)
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Preface
- A Note from the Series Editor
- Acknowledgments
- Part I Overview of the Model
- Part II The Mentalization-Based Treatment Model in Practice
- Part III Application and Adaptations for Mental Health Presentations
- Part IV Application of Mentalization-Based Treatment in Different Populations and in Different Settings
- Index
- References
Summary
A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Cambridge Guide to Mentalization-Based Treatment (MBT) , pp. 155 - 318Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2023
References
References
Skodol, AE, Bender, DS, Morey, LC et al. Personality disorder types proposed for DSM-5. J Pers Disord 2011; 25: 136–69.Google Scholar
Tyrer, P, Crawford, M, Mulder, R et al. The rationale for the reclassification of personality disorder in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Personal Ment Health 2011; 5: 246–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fonagy, P, Gergely, G, Jurist, E, Target, M. Affect Regulation, Mentalization, and the Development of the Self. New York, NY: Other Press LLC, 2002.Google Scholar
Robinson, EA. Robinson: Poems. Donaldson, S, ed. New York, NY: Everyman’s Library, 2007 (originally published 1897); 33.Google Scholar
References
Sharp, C, Wright, AG, Fowler, JC et al. The structure of personality pathology: both general (‘g’) and specific (‘s’) factors? J Abnorm Psychol 2015; 124: 387–98.Google Scholar
Wright, AG, Hopwood, CJ, Skodol, AE, Morey, LC. Longitudinal validation of general and specific structural features of personality pathology. J Abnorm Psychol 2016; 125: 1120–34.Google Scholar
Bateman, A, Bolton, R, Fonagy, P. Antisocial personality disorder: a mentalizing framework. Focus 2013; 11: 178–86.Google Scholar
Bateman, A, Fonagy, P. Comorbid antisocial and borderline personality disorders: mentalization-based treatment. J Clin Psychol 2008; 64: 181–94.Google Scholar
Gilligan, J. Violence: Reflections on Our Deadliest Epidemic. London, UK: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2000.Google Scholar
Kim, J, Cicchetti, D. Longitudinal pathways linking child maltreatment, emotion regulation, peer relations, and psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2010; 51: 706–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sharp, C, Vanwoerden, S, Van Baardewijk, Y et al. Callous-unemotional traits are associated with deficits in recognizing complex emotions in preadolescent children. J Personal Disord 2015; 29: 347–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bateman, A, Fonagy, P. Mentalization-Based Treatment for Personality Disorders: A Practical Guide. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bateman, A, Motz, A, Yakeley, J. Antisocial personality disorder in community and prison settings. In: Bateman, A, Fonagy, P, eds. Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing, 2019; 335–49.Google Scholar
Coccaro, EF. The Overt Aggression Scale Modified (OAS-M) for clinical trials targeting impulsive aggression and intermittent explosive disorder: validity, reliability, and correlates. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 124: 50–57.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P, Yakeley, J, Gardner, T et al. Mentalization for Offending Adult Males (MOAM): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial to evaluate mentalization-based treatment for antisocial personality disorder in male offenders on community probation. Trials 2020; 21: 1001.Google Scholar
Bateman, A, O’Connell, J, Lorenzini, N et al. A randomised controlled trial of mentalization-based treatment versus structured clinical management for patients with comorbid borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16: 304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
References
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. ICD-11: International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision. 2019. https://icd.who.int/.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed., text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.Google Scholar
Millon, T. Disorders of Personality: Introducing a DSM/ICD Spectrum from Normal Styles to Abnormal Types, 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alden, LE, Laposa, JM, Taylor, CT, Ryder, AG. Avoidant personality disorder: current status and future directions. J Pers Disord 2002; 16: 1–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winarick, DJ, Bornstein, RF. Toward resolution of a longstanding controversy in personality disorder diagnosis: contrasting correlates of schizoid and avoidant traits. Pers Indiv Diff 2015; 79: 25–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lampe, L, Malhi, GS. Avoidant personality disorder: current insights. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2018; 11: 55–66.Google Scholar
Wright, AG, Pincus, AL, Conroy, DE, Elliot, AJ. The pathoplastic relationship between interpersonal problems and fear of failure. J Pers 2009; 77: 997–1024.Google Scholar
Marques, L, Porter, E, Keshaviah, A et al. Avoidant personality disorder in individuals with generalized social anxiety disorder: what does it add? J Anxiety Disord 2012; 26: 665–72.Google Scholar
Eikenaes, I, Hummelen, B, Abrahamsen, G et al. Personality functioning in patients with avoidant personality disorder and social phobia. J Pers Disord 2013; 27: 746–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carr, SN, Francis, AJP. Do early maladaptive schemas mediate the relationship between childhood experiences and avoidant personality disorder features? A preliminary investigation in a non-clinical sample. Cogn Ther Res 2010; 34: 343–58.Google Scholar
Eikenaes, I, Pedersen, G, Wilberg, T. Attachment styles in patients with avoidant personality disorder compared with social phobia. Psychol Psychother 2016; 89: 245–60.Google Scholar
Riggs, SA, Paulson, A, Tunnell, E et al. Attachment, personality, and psychopathology among adult inpatients: self-reported romantic attachment style versus Adult Attachment Interview states of mind. Dev Psychopathol 2007; 19: 263–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simonsen, S, Euler, S. Avoidant and narcissistic personality disorder. In: Bateman, AW, Fonagy, P, eds. Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing, 2019; 351–68.Google Scholar
Beeney, JE, Stepp, SD, Hallquist, MN et al. Attachment and social cognition in borderline personality disorder: specificity in relation to antisocial and avoidant personality disorders. Personal Disord 2015; 6: 207–15.Google Scholar
Antonsen, BT, Johansen, MS, Ro, FG et al. Is reflective functioning associated with clinical symptoms and long-term course in patients with personality disorders? Compr Psychiatry 2016; 64: 46–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pellecchia, G, Moroni, F, Colle, L et al. Avoidant personality disorder and social phobia: does mindreading make the difference? Compr Psychiatry 2018; 80: 163–9.Google Scholar
Moroni, F, Procacci, M, Pellecchia, G et al. Mindreading dysfunction in avoidant personality disorder compared with other personality disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis 2016; 204: 752–7.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P, Target, M. Playing with reality: I. Theory of mind and the normal development of psychic reality. Int J Psychoanal 1996; 77: 217–33.Google ScholarPubMed
Target, M, Fonagy, P. Playing with reality: II. The development of psychic reality from a theoretical perspective. Int J Psychoanal 1996; 77: 459–79.Google Scholar
Normann-Eide, E, Johansen, MS, Normann-Eide, T et al. Personality disorder and changes in affect consciousness: a 3-year follow-up study of patients with avoidant and borderline personality disorder. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0145625.Google Scholar
Johansen, MS, Normann-Eide, E, Normann-Eide, T, Wilberg, T. Emotional dysfunction in avoidant compared to borderline personality disorder: a study of affect consciousness. Scand J Psychol 2013; 54: 515–21.Google Scholar
Denny, BT, Fan, J, Liu, X et al. Elevated amygdala activity during reappraisal anticipation predicts anxiety in avoidant personality disorder. J Affect Disord 2015; 172: 1–7.Google Scholar
Nicolo, G, Semerari, A, Lysaker, PH et al. Alexithymia in personality disorders: correlations with symptoms and interpersonal functioning. Psychiatry Res 2011; 190: 37–42.Google Scholar
Simonsen, S, Eikenaes, IU, Bach, B et al. Level of alexithymia as a measure of personality dysfunction in avoidant personality disorder. Nord J Psychiatry 2021; 75: 266–74.Google Scholar
Carlson, EN, Vazire, S, Oltmanns, TF. Self-other knowledge asymmetries in personality pathology. J Pers 2013; 81: 155–70.Google Scholar
Koenigsberg, HW, Denny, BT, Fan, J et al. The neural correlates of anomalous habituation to negative emotional pictures in borderline and avoidant personality disorder patients. Am J Psychiatry 2014; 171: 82–90.Google Scholar
Klumpp, H, Angstadt, M, Phan, KL. Insula reactivity and connectivity to anterior cingulate cortex when processing threat in generalized social anxiety disorder. Biol Psychol 2012; 89: 273–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenthal, MZ, Kim, K, Herr, NR et al. Speed and accuracy of facial expression classification in avoidant personality disorder: a preliminary study. Personal Disord 2011; 2: 327–34.Google Scholar
Kavanagh, LC, Winkielman, P. The functionality of spontaneous mimicry and its influences on affiliation: an implicit socialization account. Front Psychol 2016; 7: 458.Google Scholar
Kongerslev, M, Simonsen, S, Bo, S. The quest for tailored treatments: a meta-discussion of six social cognitive therapies. J Clin Psychol 2015; 71: 188–98.Google Scholar
Dimaggio, G, Lysaker, PH, Carcione, A et al. Know yourself and you shall know the other… to a certain extent: multiple paths of influence of self-reflection on mindreading. Conscious Cogn 2008; 17: 778–89.Google Scholar
Dimaggio, G, Procacci, M, Nicolò, G et al. Poor metacognition in narcissistic and avoidant personality disorders: four psychotherapy patients analysed using the Metacognition Assessment Scale. Clin Psychol Psychother 2007; 14: 386–401.Google Scholar
Maresh, EL, Andrews-Hanna, JR. Putting the “Me” in “Mentalizing”: multiple constructs describing Self versus Other during mentalizing and implications for social anxiety disorder. In: Gilead, M, Ochsner, K, eds. The Neural Basis of Mentalizing. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2021; 629–58.Google Scholar
Bryant, L, Coffey, A, Povinelli, DJ, Pruett, JR, Jr. Theory of Mind experience sampling in typical adults. Conscious Cogn 2013; 22: 697–707.Google Scholar
Raffaelli, Q, Wilcox, R, Andrews-Hanna, JR. The neuroscience of imaginative thought: an integrative framework. In: Abraham, A, ed. The Cambridge Handbook of the Imagination. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2020; 332–53.Google Scholar
Marsh, AA, Blair, RJ. Deficits in facial affect recognition among antisocial populations: a meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2008; 32: 454–65.Google Scholar
Andrews-Hanna, JR, Christoff, K, O’Connor, M. Dynamic regulation of internal experience: mechanisms of therapeutic change. In: Lane, RD, Nadel, L, eds. The Neuroscience of Enduring Change: Implications for Psychotherapy. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2020; 89–131.Google Scholar
Peters, U. Human thinking, shared intentionality, and egocentric biases. Biol Philos 2016; 31: 299–312.Google Scholar
Kampis, D, Southgate, V. Altercentric cognition: how others influence our cognitive processing. Trends Cogn Sci 2020; 24: 945–59.Google Scholar
Marshall, J, Gollwitzer, A, Santos, LR. Does altercentric interference rely on mentalizing?: Results from two level-1 perspective-taking tasks. PLoS One 2018; 13: e0194101.Google Scholar
Tamir, DI, Mitchell, JP. Anchoring and adjustment during social inferences. J Exp Psychol Gen 2013; 142: 151–62.Google Scholar
Clark, DM. A cognitive model. In: Clark, DM, Wells, A, eds. Social Phobia: Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment. New York, NY: The Guilford Press, 1995; 69–73.Google Scholar
Hezel, DM, McNally, RJ. Theory of mind impairments in social anxiety disorder. Behav Ther 2014; 45: 530–40.Google Scholar
Washburn, D, Wilson, G, Roes, M et al. Theory of mind in social anxiety disorder, depression, and comorbid conditions. J Anxiety Disord 2016; 37: 71–7.Google Scholar
Libby, LK, Shaeffer, EM, Eibach, RP. Seeing meaning in action: a bidirectional link between visual perspective and action identification level. J Exp Psychol Gen 2009; 138: 503–16.Google Scholar
Libby, LK, Eibach, RP. Visual perspective in mental imagery: a representational tool that functions in judgment, emotion, and self-insight. In: Olson, JM, Zanna, MP, eds. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 44. New York, NY: Academic Press, 2011; 185–245.Google Scholar
Libby, LK, Eibach, RP. The role of visual imagery in social cognition. In: Carlston, DE, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Social Cognition. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2013; 147–66.Google Scholar
Pedersen, G, Eikenaes, I, Urnes, O et al. Experiences in close relationships – psychometric properties among patients with personality disorders. Personal Ment Health 2015; 9: 208–19.Google Scholar
Karterud, S, Pedersen, G, Johansen, M et al. Primary emotional traits in patients with personality disorders. Personal Ment Health 2016; 10: 261–73.Google Scholar
Fassbinder, E, Arntz, A. Schema therapy with emotionally inhibited and fearful patients. J Contemp Psychother 2019; 49: 7–14.Google Scholar
Skewes, SA, Samson, RA, Simpson, SG, van Vreeswijk, M. Short-term group schema therapy for mixed personality disorders: a pilot study. Front Psychol 2014; 5: 1592.Google Scholar
Bamelis, LL, Renner, F, Heidkamp, D, Arntz, A. Extended Schema Mode conceptualizations for specific personality disorders: an empirical study. J Pers Disord 2011; 25: 41–58.Google Scholar
Dimaggio, G, Montano, A, Popolo, R, Salvatore, G. Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy for Personality Disorders: A Treatment Manual. New York, NY: Routledge, 2015.Google Scholar
Gordon-King, K, Schweitzer, RD, Dimaggio, G. Metacognitive interpersonal therapy for personality disorders featuring emotional inhibition: a multiple baseline case series. J Nerv Ment Dis 2018; 206: 263–9.Google Scholar
Dimaggio, G, Salvatore, G, MacBeth, A et al. Metacognitive interpersonal therapy for personality disorders: a case study series. J Contemp Psychother 2017; 47: 11–21.Google Scholar
Popolo, R, MacBeth, A, Canfora, F et al. Metacognitive interpersonal therapy in groups for over-regulated personality disorders: a single case study. J Contemp Psychother 2019; 49: 49–59.Google Scholar
Chan, CC, Bach, PA, Bedwell, JS. An integrative approach using third-generation cognitive-behavioral therapies for avoidant personality disorder. Clin Case Stud 2015; 14: 466–81.Google Scholar
Lynch, TR, Hempel, RJ, Dunkley, C. Radically open-dialectical behavior therapy for disorders of over-control: signaling matters. Am J Psychother 2015; 69: 141-62.Google Scholar
Gilbert, SE, Gordon, KC. Interpersonal psychotherapy informed treatment for avoidant personality disorder with subsequent depression. Clin Case Stud 2013; 12: 111–27.Google Scholar
References
Cuijpers, P, Stringaris, A, Wolpert, M. Treatment outcomes for depression: challenges and opportunities. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7: 925–27.Google Scholar
Cuijpers, P, Karyotaki, E, de Wit, L, Ebert, DD. The effects of fifteen evidence-supported therapies for adult depression: a meta-analytic review. Psychother Res 2020; 30: 279–93.Google Scholar
Rost, F, Luyten, P, Fearon, P, Fonagy, P. Personality and outcome in individuals with treatment-resistant depression: exploring differential treatment effects in the Tavistock Adult Depression Study (TADS). J Consult Clin Psychol 2019; 87: 433–45.Google Scholar
Luyten, P, Fonagy, P. Psychodynamic treatment for borderline personality disorder and mood disorders: a mentalizing perspective. In: Choi-Kain, L, Gunderson, J, eds. Borderline Personality Disorder and Mood Disorders: Controversies and Consensus. New York, NY: Springer, 2014; 223–51.Google Scholar
Cuijpers, P, van Straten, A, Bohlmeijer, E et al. The effects of psychotherapy for adult depression are overestimated: a meta-analysis of study quality and effect size. Psychol Med 2010; 40: 211–23.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P, Edgcumbe, R, Moran, GS et al. The roles of mental representations and mental processes in therapeutic action. Psychoanal Study Child 1993; 48: 9–48.Google Scholar
Luyten, P, Blatt, SJ, Fonagy, P. Impairments in self structures in depression and suicide in psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral approaches: implications for clinical practice and research. Int J Cogn Ther 2013; 6: 265–79.Google Scholar
Lemma, A, Target, M, Fonagy, P. Brief Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy: A Clinician’s Guide. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P, Lemma, A, Target, M et al. Dynamic interpersonal therapy for moderate to severe depression: a pilot randomized controlled and feasibility trial. Psychol Med 2020; 50: 1010–19.Google Scholar
Gunderson, JG, Morey, LC, Stout, RL et al. Major depressive disorder and borderline personality disorder revisited: longitudinal interactions. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65: 1049–56.Google Scholar
Rao, AS, Lemma, A, Fonagy, P et al. Development of dynamic interpersonal therapy in complex care (DITCC): a pilot study. Psychoanal Psychother 2019; 33: 77–98.Google Scholar
Luyten, P, Campbell, C, Allison, E, Fonagy, P. The mentalizing approach to psychopathology: state of the art and future directions. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2020; 16: 297–325.Google Scholar
Luyten, P, Fonagy, P. An integrative developmental psychopathology approach to depression. In: Jiménez, JP, Botto, A, Fonagy, P, eds. Etiopathogenic Theories and Models in Depression. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2022; 245–63.Google Scholar
Luyten, P, Fonagy, P. Psychodynamic psychotherapy for patients with functional somatic disorders and the road to recovery. Am J Psychother 2020; 73: 125–30.Google Scholar
Drevets, WC, Price, JL, Furey, ML. Brain structural and functional abnormalities in mood disorders: implications for neurocircuitry models of depression. Brain Struct Funct 2008; 213: 93–118.Google Scholar
Savitz, J, Drevets, WC. Bipolar and major depressive disorder: neuroimaging the developmental-degenerative divide. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2009; 33: 699–771.Google Scholar
Johnson, MK, Nolen-Hoeksema, S, Mitchell, KJ, Levin, Y. Medial cortex activity, self-reflection and depression. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2009; 4: 313–27.Google Scholar
Moore, MT, Fresco, DM. Depressive realism: a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2012; 32: 496–509.Google Scholar
Luyten, P, Fonagy, P, Lemma, A, Target, M. Depression. In: Bateman, A, Fonagy, P, eds. Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2012; 385–417.Google Scholar
Panksepp, J, Watt, D. Why does depression hurt? Ancestral primary-process separation-distress (PANIC/GRIEF) and diminished brain reward (SEEKING) processes in the genesis of depressive affect. Psychiatry 2011; 74: 5–13.Google Scholar
Gilbert, P. Evolution and depression: issues and implications. Psychol Med 2006; 36: 287–97.Google Scholar
Davey, CG, Yucel, M, Allen, NB. The emergence of depression in adolescence: development of the prefrontal cortex and the representation of reward. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2008; 32: 1–19.Google Scholar
Spitz, RA. Hospitalism: an inquiry into the genesis of psychiatric conditions in early childhood. Psychoanal Study Child 1945; 1: 53–74.Google Scholar
Brown, GW, Harris, TO, Craig, TKJ. Exploration of the influence of insecure attachment and parental maltreatment on the incidence and course of adult clinical depression. Psychol Med 2019; 49: 1025–32.Google Scholar
Dagan, O, Facompre, CR, Bernard, K. Adult attachment representations and depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2018; 236: 274–90.Google Scholar
Spruit, A, Goos, L, Weenink, N et al. The relation between attachment and depression in children and adolescents: a multilevel meta-analysis. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2020; 23: 54–69.Google Scholar
Khan, F, Fraley, RC, Young, JF, Hankin, BL. Developmental trajectories of attachment and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. Attach Hum Dev 2020; 22: 392–408.Google Scholar
Lecompte, V, Moss, E, Cyr, C, Pascuzzo, K. Preschool attachment, self-esteem and the development of preadolescent anxiety and depressive symptoms. Attach Hum Dev 2014; 16: 242–60.Google Scholar
MacGregor, EK, Grunebaum, MF, Galfalvy, HC et al. Depressed parents’ attachment: effects on offspring suicidal behavior in a longitudinal family study. J Clin Psychiatry 2014; 75: 879–85.Google Scholar
Luyten, P, Fonagy, P. The stress–reward–mentalizing model of depression: an integrative developmental cascade approach to child and adolescent depressive disorder based on the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 64: 87–98.Google Scholar
Fischer-Kern, M, Tmej, A. Mentalization and depression: theoretical concepts, treatment approaches and empirical studies – an overview. Z Psychosom Med Psychother 2019; 65: 162–77.Google Scholar
Bifulco, A, Kwon, J, Jacobs, C et al. Adult attachment style as mediator between childhood neglect/abuse and adult depression and anxiety. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2006; 41: 796–805.Google Scholar
Styron, T, Janoff-Bulman, R. Childhood attachment and abuse: long-term effects on adult attachment, depression, and conflict resolution. Child Abuse Negl 1997; 21: 1015–23.Google Scholar
Widom, CS, Czaja, SJ, Kozakowski, SS, Chauhan, P. Does adult attachment style mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and mental and physical health outcomes? Child Abuse Negl 2018; 76: 533–45.Google Scholar
Blatt, SJ. Experiences of Depression: Theoretical, Clinical, and Research Perspectives. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2004.Google Scholar
Beck, AT. Cognitive therapy of depression: new perspectives. In: Clayton, PJ, Barrett, JE, eds. Treatment of Depression: Old Controversies and New Approaches. New York, NY: Raven Press, 1983; 265–90.Google Scholar
Blatt, SJ, Luyten, P. A structural-developmental psychodynamic approach to psychopathology: two polarities of experience across the life span. Dev Psychopathol 2009; 21: 793–814.Google Scholar
Luyten, P, Blatt, SJ. Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition in normal and disrupted personality development: retrospect and prospect. Am Psychol 2013; 68: 172–83.Google Scholar
Luyten, P, Blatt, SJ, Van Houdenhove, B, Corveleyn, J. Depression research and treatment: are we skating to where the puck is going to be? Clin Psychol Rev 2006; 26: 985–99.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P, Luyten, P. A developmental, mentalization-based approach to the understanding and treatment of borderline personality disorder. Dev Psychopathol 2009; 21: 1355–81.Google Scholar
Lane, RD, Quinlan, DM, Schwartz, GE, Walker, PA. The Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale: a cognitive-developmental measure of emotion. J Pers Assess 1990; 55: 124–34.Google Scholar
Taylor, GJ, Bagby, RM. Psychoanalysis and empirical research: the example of alexithymia. J Am Psychoanal Assoc 2013; 61: 99–133.Google Scholar
Lumley, MA, Schubiner, H, Lockhart, NA et al. Emotional awareness and expression therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and education for fibromyalgia: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Pain 2017; 158: 2354–63.Google Scholar
Luyten, P, De Meulemeester, C, Fonagy, P. Psychodynamic therapy in patients with somatic symptom disorder. In: Kealy, D, Ogrodniczuk, JS, eds. Contemporary Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: Evolving Clinical Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Academic Press, 2019; 191–206.Google Scholar
Bateman, A, Campbell, C, Luyten, P, Fonagy, P. A mentalization-based approach to common factors in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. Curr Opin Psychol 2018; 21: 44–9.Google Scholar
Bateman, A, Fonagy, P. 8-year follow-up of patients treated for borderline personality disorder: mentalization-based treatment versus treatment as usual. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165: 631–8.Google Scholar
Smits, ML, Feenstra, DJ, Bales, DL et al. Day hospital versus intensive outpatient mentalization-based treatment: 3-year follow-up of patients treated for borderline personality disorder in a multicentre randomized clinical trial. Psychol Med 2022; 52: 485–95.Google Scholar
Rossouw, TI, Fonagy, P. Mentalization-based treatment for self-harm in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012; 51: 1304–13.Google Scholar
Feenstra, DJ, Hutsebaut, J, Laurenssen, EM et al. The burden of disease among adolescents with personality pathology: quality of life and costs. J Personal Disord 2012; 26: 593–604.Google Scholar
Lemma, A, Target, M, Fonagy, P. The development of a brief psychodynamic protocol for depression: Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy (DIT). Psychoanal Psychother 2010; 24: 329–46.Google Scholar
Høglend, P. Analysis of transference in psychodynamic psychotherapy: a review of empirical research. Can J Psychoanal 2004; 12: 279–300.Google Scholar
Høglend, P, Bøgwald, K-P, Amlo, S et al. Transference interpretations in dynamic psychotherapy: do they really yield sustained effects? Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165: 763–71.Google Scholar
References
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.Google Scholar
Brent, B. Mentalization-based psychodynamic psychotherapy for psychosis. J Clin Psychol 2009; 65: 803–14.Google Scholar
Debbané, M, Benmiloud, J, Salaminios, G et al. Mentalization-based treatment in clinical high-risk for psychosis: a rationale and clinical illustration. J Contemp Psychother 2016; 46: 217–25.Google Scholar
Lana, F, Marcos, S, Mollà, L et al. Mentalization based group psychotherapy for psychosis: a pilot study to assess safety, acceptance and subjective efficacy. Int J Psychol Psychoanal 2015; 1: 1–6.Google Scholar
Weijers, J, Ten Kate, C, Eurelings-Bontekoe, E et al. Mentalization-based treatment for psychotic disorder: protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16: 191.Google Scholar
Lana, F, Marti-Bonany, J, Sanz-Correcher, P et al. Brief day hospital mentalization based group psychotherapy for schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a feasibility study. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2020; 48: 64–74.Google Scholar
Riddel, K, Clouse, M. Program development meets theory development: MBGT-I for schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses 2020; 14: 39–44.Google Scholar
Brent, B, Fonagy, P. A mentalization-based treatment approach to disturbances of social understanding in schizophrenia. In: Lysaker, PH, Dimaggio, G, Brüne, M, eds. Social Cognition and Metacognition in Schizophrenia. San Diego, CA: Elsevier, 2014; 245–57.Google Scholar
Debbané, M, Salaminios, G, Luyten, P et al. Attachment, neurobiology, and mentalizing along the psychosis continuum. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10: 406.Google Scholar
Weijers, JG, ten Kate, C, Debbane, M et al. Mentalization and psychosis: a rationale for the use of mentalization theory to understand and treat non-affective psychotic disorder. J Contemp Psychother 2020; 50: 223–32.Google Scholar
Debbané, M, Bateman, A. Psychosis. In: Bateman, A, Fonagy, P, eds. Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing, 2019; 443–58.Google Scholar
Armando, M, Hutsebaut, J, Debbane, M. A mentalization-informed staging approach to clinical high risk for psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10: 385.Google Scholar
Rapoport, JL, Addington, AM, Frangou, S, Psych, MR. The neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia: update 2005. Mol Psychiatry 2005; 10: 434–49.Google Scholar
Lichtenstein, P, Yip, BH, Bjork, C et al. Common genetic determinants of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in Swedish families: a population-based study. Lancet 2009; 373: 234–9.Google Scholar
Meehl, PE. Toward an integrated theory of schizotaxia, schizotypy, and schizophrenia. J Pers Disord 1990; 4: 1–99.Google Scholar
Debbané, M, Barrantes-Vidal, N. Schizotypy from a developmental perspective. Schizophr Bull 2015; 41 (Suppl. 2): S386–95.Google Scholar
Debbané, M. Schizotypy: a developmental perspective. In: Mason, O, Claridge, G, eds. Schizotypy: New Dimensions. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 2015; 83–98.Google Scholar
Lenzenweger, MF. Schizotypy: an organizing framework for schizophrenia research. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2016; 15: 162–6.Google Scholar
Guloksuz, S, Pries, LK, Ten Have, M et al. Association of preceding psychosis risk states and non-psychotic mental disorders with incidence of clinical psychosis in the general population: a prospective study in the NEMESIS-2 cohort. World Psychiatry 2020; 19: 199–205.Google Scholar
Schultze-Lutter, F, Michel, C, Schmidt, SJ et al. EPA guidance on the early detection of clinical high risk states of psychoses. Eur Psychiatry 2015; 30: 405–16.Google Scholar
Schultze-Lutter, F, Ruhrmann, S, Berning, J et al. Basic symptoms and ultrahigh risk criteria: symptom development in the initial prodromal state. Schizophr Bull 2010; 36: 182–91.Google Scholar
Alvarez-Jimenez, M, Gleeson, JF, Henry, LP et al. Road to full recovery: longitudinal relationship between symptomatic remission and psychosocial recovery in first-episode psychosis over 7.5 years. Psychol Med 2012; 42: 595–606.Google Scholar
AlAqeel, B, Margolese, HC. Remission in schizophrenia: critical and systematic review. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2012; 20: 281–97.Google Scholar
Bevington, D, Fuggle, P, Cracknell, L, Fonagy, P. Adaptive Mentalization-Based Integrative Treatment: A Guide for Teams to Develop Systems of Care. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Boyette, LL, Korver-Nieberg, N, Meijer, C et al. Quality of life in patients with psychotic disorders: impact of symptoms, personality, and attachment. J Nerv Ment Dis 2014; 202: 64–9.Google Scholar
Nevarez-Flores, AG, Sanderson, K, Breslin, M et al. Systematic review of global functioning and quality of life in people with psychotic disorders. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2019; 28: 31–44.Google Scholar
Jones, K. Addressing the needs of carers during early psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2009; 3 (Suppl. 1): S22–6.Google Scholar
Harley, EW, Boardman, J, Craig, T. Friendship in people with schizophrenia: a survey. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2012; 47: 1291–9.Google Scholar
Castelein, S, Bruggeman, R, van Busschbach, JT et al. The effectiveness of peer support groups in psychosis: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2008; 118: 64–72.Google Scholar
Weijers, J. Mentalization and Psychosis: Trying to Understand the Un-Understandable. Maastricht: Ridderprint, 2020.Google Scholar
Bleuler, E. Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias. New York: International Universities Press, 1911/1950.Google Scholar
Freud, S. Three essays on the theory of sexuality. In: Strachey, J, ed. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Vol. 7. London, UK: Hogarth Press, 1905/1953; 123–230.Google Scholar
Freud, S. On narcissism. In: Strachey, J, ed. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Vol. 14. London, UK: Hogarth Press, 1914/1957; 67–102.Google Scholar
Freud, S. The unconscious. In: Strachey, J, ed. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Vol. 14. London, UK: Hogarth Press, 1915/1957; 159–216.Google Scholar
Sass, LA, Parnas, J. Schizophrenia, consciousness, and the self. Schizophr Bull 2003; 29: 427–44.Google Scholar
Auerbach, JS, Blatt, SJ. Self-representation in severe psychopathology: the role of reflexive self-awareness. Psychoanal Psychol 1996; 13: 297–341.Google Scholar
Lysaker, PH, Buck, KD, Pattison, ML et al. Supervision in the psychotherapy of schizophrenia: awareness of and mutual reflection upon fragmentation. Am J Psychoanal 2019; 79: 284–303.Google Scholar
Adams, RA, Stephan, KE, Brown, HR et al. The computational anatomy of psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2013; 4: 47.Google Scholar
Derome, M, Fonseca-Pedrero, E, Badoud, D et al. Resting-state networks of adolescents experiencing depersonalization-like illusions: cross-sectional and longitudinal findings. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44 (Suppl. 2): S501–11.Google Scholar
Frith, CD. The Cognitive Neuropsychology of Schizophrenia. Hove, UK: Psychology Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Salaminios, G, Debbané, M. A mentalization-based treatment framework to support the recovery of the self in emerging psychosis during adolescence. In: Hasson-Ohayion, I, Lysaker, PH, eds. The Recovery of the Self in Psychosis. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 2021; 12–35.Google Scholar
Byrne, G, Sleed, M, Midgley, N et al. Lighthouse Parenting Programme: description and pilot evaluation of mentalization-based treatment to address child maltreatment. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 24: 680–93.Google Scholar
Lysaker, PH, Klion, RE. Recovery, Meaning-Making, and Severe Mental Illness: A Comprehensive Guide to Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy. New York, NY: Routledge, 2017.Google Scholar
Reininghaus, U, Kempton, MJ, Valmaggia, L et al. Stress sensitivity, aberrant salience, and threat anticipation in early psychosis: an experience sampling study. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42: 712–22.Google Scholar
References
Luyten, P, Campbell, C, Fonagy, P. Borderline personality disorder, complex trauma, and problems with self and identity: a social-communicative approach. J Pers 2020; 88: 88–105.Google Scholar
Asnes, AG, Leventhal, JM. Connecting the dots in childhood and adolescent trauma. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2011; 165: 87–9.Google Scholar
Teicher, MH, Samson, JA. Childhood maltreatment and psychopathology: a case for ecophenotypic variants as clinically and neurobiologically distinct subtypes. Am J Psychiatry 2013; 170: 1114–33.Google Scholar
Anda, RF, Felitti, VJ, Bremner, JD et al. The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood: a convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2006; 256: 174–86.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P, Luyten, P, Allison, E, Campbell, C. What we have changed our minds about: Part 1. Borderline personality disorder as a limitation of resilience. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2017; 4: 11.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P, Luyten, P, Allison, E, Campbell, C. What we have changed our minds about: Part 2. Borderline personality disorder, epistemic trust and the developmental significance of social communication. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2017; 4: 9.Google Scholar
Allen, JG. Coping with Trauma: Hope Through Understanding, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing, 2005.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P, Steele, M, Steele, H et al. The Emanuel Miller Memorial Lecture 1992. The theory and practice of resilience. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1994; 35: 231–57.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P, Target, M. Attachment, trauma, and psychoanalysis: where psychoanalysis meets neuroscience. In: Jurist, EJ, Slade, A, Bergner, S, eds. Mind to Mind: Infant Research, Neuroscience, and Psychoanalysis. New York: Other Press, 2008; 15–49.Google Scholar
Allen, JG, Lemma, A, Fonagy, P. Trauma. In: Bateman, AW, Fonagy, P, eds. Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2012; 419–44.Google Scholar
Allen, JG. Mentalizing in the Development and Treatment of Attachment Trauma. London, UK: Karnac Books Ltd, 2013.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P, Luyten, P, Allison, E. Epistemic petrification and the restoration of epistemic trust: a new conceptualization of borderline personality disorder and its psychosocial treatment. J Pers Disord 2015; 29: 575–609.Google Scholar
Bonanno, GA, Diminich, ED. Annual Research Review: Positive adjustment to adversity—trajectories of minimal-impact resilience and emergent resilience. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2013; 54: 378–401.Google Scholar
Southwick, SM, Bonanno, GA, Masten, AS et al. Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: interdisciplinary perspectives. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2014; 5. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338.Google Scholar
Denckla, CA, Mancini, AD, Consedine, NS et al. Distinguishing postpartum and antepartum depressive trajectories in a large population-based cohort: the impact of exposure to adversity and offspring gender. Psychol Med 2018: 48: 1139–47.Google Scholar
Orcutt, HK, Bonanno, GA, Hannan, SM, Miron, LR. Prospective trajectories of posttraumatic stress in college women following a campus mass shooting. J Traum Stress 2014; 27: 249–56.Google Scholar
Pervanidou, P, Chrousos, GP. Metabolic consequences of stress during childhood and adolescence. Metabolism 2012; 61: 611–19.Google Scholar
McEwen, BS. Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: central role of the brain. Physiol Rev 2007; 87: 873–904.Google Scholar
Gunnar, M, Quevedo, K. The neurobiology of stress and development. Annu Rev Psychol 2007; 58: 145–73.Google Scholar
Gunnar, MR, Quevedo, K, De Kloet, RE et al. Early care experiences and HPA axis regulation in children: a mechanism for later trauma vulnerability. Prog Brain Res 2007; 167: 137–49.Google Scholar
Fredrickson, BL. The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Am Psychol 2001; 56: 218–26.Google Scholar
Mikulincer, M, Shaver, PR. Enhancing the “broaden and build” cycle of attachment security in adulthood: from the laboratory to relational contexts and societal systems. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17: 2054.Google Scholar
Miller, GE, Chen, E, Zhou, ES. If it goes up, must it come down? Chronic stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in humans. Psychol Bull 2007; 133: 25–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luyten, P, Fonagy, P. An integrative, attachment-based approach to the management and treatment of patients with persistent somatic complaints. In: Hunter, J, Maunder, R, eds. Improving Patient Treatment with Attachment Theory: A Guide for Primary Care Practitioners and Specialists. New York, NY: Springer, 2016; 127–44.Google Scholar
Mayes, LC. A developmental perspective on the regulation of arousal states. Semin Perinatol 2000; 24: 267–79.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P, Gergely, G, Jurist, EL, Target, M. Developmental issues in normal adolescence and adolescent breakdown. In: Affect Regulation, Mentalization, and the Development of the Self. New York: Other Press, 2002; 317–40.Google Scholar
Widom, CS. Posttraumatic stress disorder in abused and neglected children grown up. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156: 1223–9.Google Scholar
Cloitre, M, Scarvalone, P, Difede, J. Posttraumatic stress disorder, self- and interpersonal dysfunction among sexually retraumatized women. J Traum Stress 1997; 10: 437–52.Google Scholar
Allen, JG. Traumatic Relationships and Serious Mental Disorders. Chichester UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2001.Google Scholar
Main, M, Hesse, E. Parents’ unresolved traumatic experiences are related to infant disorganized attachment status: is frightened and/or frightening parental behavior the linking mechanism? In: Greenberg, MT, Cicchetti, D, Cummings, EM, eds. Attachment in the Preschool Years: Theory, Research, and Intervention. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1990; 161–81.Google Scholar
Clarkin, JF, Kernberg, OF, Yeomans, F. Transference-Focused Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder Patients. New York, NY: The Guilford Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Antonovsky, A. Unraveling the Mystery of Health: How People Manage Stress and Stay Well. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1987.Google Scholar
Storebo, OJ, Stoffers-Winterling, JM, Vollm, BA et al. Psychological therapies for people with borderline personality disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 5: CD012955.Google Scholar
Bateman, A, Motz, A, Yakeley, J. Antisocial personality disorder in community and prison settings. In: Bateman, A, Fonagy, P, eds. Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing, 2019; 335–49.Google Scholar
Smits, ML, Luyten, P, Feenstra, DJ et al. Trauma and outcomes of mentalization-based therapy for individuals with borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychother 2022; 75: 12–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
References
Robinson, P, Skårderud, F. Eating disorders. In: Bateman, A, Fonagy, P, eds. Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2019; 369–86.Google Scholar
Schmidt, U, Wade, TD, Treasure, J. The Maudsley Model of Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults (MANTRA): development, key features, and preliminary evidence. J Cogn Psychother 2014; 28: 48–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Eating Disorders: Recognition and Treatment. London, UK: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2017. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng69.Google Scholar
Esterling, BA, L’Abate, L, Murray, EJ, Pennebaker, JW. Empirical foundations for writing in prevention and psychotherapy: mental and physical health outcomes. Clin Psychol Rev 1999; 19: 79–96.Google Scholar
Miller, WR, Rollnick, S. Motivational Interviewing: Helping People Change, 3rd ed. New York, NY: The Guilford Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Robinson, P, Hellier, J, Barrett, B et al. The NOURISHED randomised controlled trial comparing mentalisation-based treatment for eating disorders (MBT-ED) with specialist supportive clinical management (SSCM-ED) for patients with eating disorders and symptoms of borderline personality disorder. Trials 2016; 17: 549.Google Scholar
Bruch, H. Eating Disorders. Obesity, Anorexia Nervosa, and the Person Within. New York, NY: Basic Books, 1973.Google Scholar
Bruch, H. Four decades of eating disorders. In: Garner, DM, Garfinkel, PE, eds. Handbook of Psychotherapy for Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia. New York, NY: The Guilford Press, 1985; 7–18.Google Scholar
Shai, D, Belsky, J. When words just won’t do: introducing parental embodied mentalizing. Child Dev Perspect 2011; 5: 173–80.Google Scholar
Shai, D, Fonagy, P. Beyond words: parental embodied mentalizing and the parent-infant dance. In: Mechanisms of Social Connection: From Brain to Group. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2014; 185–203.Google Scholar
Shai, D, Dollberg, D, Szepsenwol, O. The importance of parental verbal and embodied mentalizing in shaping parental experiences of stress and coparenting. Infant Behav Dev 2017; 49: 87–96.Google Scholar
Afek, E, Lev-Wiesel, R, Federman, D, Shai, D. The mediating role of parental embodied mentalizing in the longitudinal association between prenatal spousal support and toddler emotion recognition. Infancy 2022; 27: 609–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vaever, MS, Cordes, K, Stuart, AC et al. Associations of maternal sensitivity and embodied mentalizing with infant-mother attachment security at one year in depressed and non-depressed dyads. Attach Hum Dev 2022; 24: 115–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shai, D, Belsky, J. Parental embodied mentalizing: how the nonverbal dance between parents and infants predicts children’s socio-emotional functioning. Attach Hum Dev 2017; 19: 191–219.Google Scholar
Garset-Zamani, S, Cordes, K, Shai, D et al. Does postpartum depression affect parental embodied mentalizing in mothers with 4-months old infants? Infant Behav Dev 2020; 61: 101486.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P, Gergely, G, Jurist, E, Target, M. Affect Regulation, Mentalization, and the Development of the Self. New York, NY: Other Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P, Target, M. Attachment and reflective function: their role in self-organization. Dev Psychopathol 1997; 9: 679–700.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P, Target, M. Playing with reality: III. The persistence of dual psychic reality in borderline patients. Int J Psychoanal 2000; 81: 853–73.Google Scholar
Arnsten, AF. Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function. Nat Rev Neurosci 2009; 10: 410–22.Google Scholar
Steinhausen, HC. The outcome of anorexia nervosa in the 20th century. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159: 1284–93.Google Scholar
Eddy, KT, Tabri, N, Thomas, JJ et al. Recovery from anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa at 22-year follow-up. J Clin Psychiatry 2017; 78: 184–9.Google Scholar
Treasure, J, Willmott, D, Ambwani, S et al. Cognitive interpersonal model for anorexia nervosa revisited: the perpetuating factors that contribute to the development of the severe and enduring illness. J Clin Med 2020; 9: 630.Google Scholar
Luyten, P, Campbell, C, Allison, E, Fonagy, P. The mentalizing approach to psychopathology: state of the art and future directions. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2020; 16: 297–325.Google Scholar
Sekowski, M, Gambin, M, Cudo, A et al. The relations between childhood maltreatment, shame, guilt, depression and suicidal ideation in inpatient adolescents. J Affect Disord 2020; 276: 667–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fonagy, P. The feeling that destroys the self: the role of mentalizing in the catastrophic sequelae of shame. In: The Problem of Shame: The 2019 John M. Oldham National Mental Health Symposium. Houston, TX: Menninger, 2019. www.menningerclinic.org/Assets/2019-menninger-symposium-emailwebsite-version.pdf.Google Scholar
Schmidt, U, Treasure, J. Anorexia nervosa: valued and visible. A cognitive-interpersonal maintenance model and its implications for research and practice. Br J Clin Psychol 2006; 45: 343–66.Google Scholar
Treasure, J, Schmidt, U. The cognitive-interpersonal maintenance model of anorexia nervosa revisited: a summary of the evidence for cognitive, socio-emotional and interpersonal predisposing and perpetuating factors. J Eat Disord 2013; 1: 13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tchanturia, K, Hambrook, D, Curtis, H et al. Work and social adjustment in patients with anorexia nervosa. Compr Psychiatry 2013; 54: 41–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castellini, G, Rossi, E, Ricca, V. The relationship between eating disorder psychopathology and sexuality: etiological factors and implications for treatment. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2020; 33: 554–61.Google Scholar
Schulte-Ruther, M, Mainz, V, Fink, GR et al. Theory of mind and the brain in anorexia nervosa: relation to treatment outcome. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012; 51: 832–41.e11.Google Scholar
Westwood, H, Kerr-Gaffney, J, Stahl, D, Tchanturia, K. Alexithymia in eating disorders: systematic review and meta-analyses of studies using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. J Psychosom Res 2017; 99: 66–81.Google Scholar
Dolan, SC, Khindri, R, Franko, DL et al. Anhedonia in eating disorders: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55: 161–75.Google Scholar
Jewell, T, Collyer, H, Gardner, T et al. Attachment and mentalization and their association with child and adolescent eating pathology: a systematic review. Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49: 354–73.Google Scholar
Caglar-Nazali, HP, Corfield, F, Cardi, V et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of ‘Systems for Social Processes’ in eating disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 42: 55–92.Google Scholar
Faber, A, Dube, L, Knauper, B. Attachment and eating: a meta-analytic review of the relevance of attachment for unhealthy and healthy eating behaviors in the general population. Appetite 2018; 123: 410–38.Google Scholar
Cortes-Garcia, L, Takkouche, B, Seoane, G, Senra, C. Mediators linking insecure attachment to eating symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 2019; 14: e0213099.Google Scholar
Jewell, T, Apostolidou, E, Sadikovic, K, et al. Attachment in individuals with eating disorders compared to community controls: a systematic review and meta?analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23922Google Scholar
Vartanian, LR, Hayward, LE, Smyth, JM et al. Risk and resiliency factors related to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating: the identity disruption model. Int J Eat Disord 2018; 51: 322–30.Google Scholar
Bora, E, Kose, S. Meta-analysis of theory of mind in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: a specific impairment of cognitive perspective taking in anorexia nervosa? Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49: 739–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leppanen, J, Sedgewick, F, Treasure, J, Tchanturia, K. Differences in the Theory of Mind profiles of patients with anorexia nervosa and individuals on the autism spectrum: a meta-analytic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 90: 146–63.Google Scholar
Cardi, V, Tchanturia, K, Treasure, J. Premorbid and illness-related social difficulties in eating disorders: an overview of the literature and treatment developments. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16: 1122–30.Google Scholar
Troop, NA, Bifulco, A. Childhood social arena and cognitive sets in eating disorders. Br J Clin Psychol 2002; 41: 205–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oldershaw, A, Lavender, T, Sallis, H et al. Emotion generation and regulation in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of self-report data. Clin Psychol Rev 2015; 39: 83–95.Google Scholar
Rothschild-Yakar, L, Levy-Shiff, R, Fridman-Balaban, R et al. Mentalization and relationships with parents as predictors of eating disordered behavior. J Nerv Ment Dis 2010; 198: 501–7.Google Scholar
Monteleone, AM, Corsi, E, Cascino, G et al. The interaction between mentalizing, empathy and symptoms in people with eating disorders: a network analysis integrating experimentally induced and self-report measures. Cognit Ther Res 2020; 44: 1140–49.Google Scholar
Corsi, E, Cardi, V, Sowden, S et al. Socio-cognitive processing in people with eating disorders: computerized tests of mentalizing, empathy and imitation skills. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54: 1509–18.Google Scholar
Bird, G, Viding, E. The self to other model of empathy: providing a new framework for understanding empathy impairments in psychopathy, autism, and alexithymia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 47: 520–32.Google Scholar
Happe, F, Frith, U. Annual research review: towards a developmental neuroscience of atypical social cognition. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2014; 55: 553–7.Google Scholar
Saure, E, Laasonen, M, Lepisto-Paisley, T et al. Characteristics of autism spectrum disorders are associated with longer duration of anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2020; 53: 1056–79.Google Scholar
Kinnaird, E, Norton, C, Stewart, C, Tchanturia, K. Same behaviours, different reasons: what do patients with co-occurring anorexia and autism want from treatment? Int Rev Psychiatry 2019; 31: 308–17.Google Scholar
Goss, K, Gilbert, P. Eating disorders, shame and pride: a cognitive-behavioural functional analysis. In: Gilbert, P, Miles, J, eds. Body Shame: Conceptualisation, Research and Treatment. Hove, UK: Routledge, 2014; 233–69.Google Scholar
Asen, E, Fonagy, P. Mentalization-Based Treatment with Families. New York, NY: The Guilford Press, 2021.Google Scholar
Midgley, N, Ensink, K, Lindqvist, K et al. Mentalization-Based Treatment for Children: A Time-Limited Approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2017.Google Scholar
Rossouw, T, Wiwe, M, Vrouva, I, eds. Mentalization-Based Treatment for Adolescents: A Practical Treatment Guide. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 2021.Google Scholar
Midgley, N, Vrouva, I, eds. Minding the Child: Mentalization-Based Interventions with Children, Young People and Their Families. Hove, UK: Routledge, 2013.Google Scholar
Robinson, P, Skårderud, F, Sommerfeldt, B. Hunger: Mentalisation Based Treatments for Eating Disorders. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2019.Google Scholar
Bevington, D, Fuggle, P, Cracknell, L, Fonagy, P. Adaptive Mentalization-Based Integrative Treatment: A Guide for Teams to Develop Systems of Care. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2017.Google Scholar