Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-5g6vh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-28T19:02:20.169Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

15 - Interventions to Promote Reading for Understanding

Current Evidence and Future Directions

from Part III - Reading and Writing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 February 2019

John Dunlosky
Affiliation:
Kent State University, Ohio
Katherine A. Rawson
Affiliation:
Kent State University, Ohio
Get access

Summary

This chapter begins with the significance of reading for understanding and describes students with reading comprehension problems. We provide a historical overview of reading comprehension instruction during the last four decades, largely influenced by the emergence of various reading theories. Next we summarize the findings of reading intervention research as well as intervention features that impact effectiveness. Finally, we conclude by describing recommended practices to improve readers' comprehension before, during, and after reading.
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, R. C. (1984). Role of the reader’s schema in comprehension, learning, and memory. In Anderson, R., Osborn, J., & Tierney, R. (eds.), Learning to read in American schools: Basal readers and content texts (pp. 243257). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Anderson, R. C. & Pearson, P. D. (1984). A schema-theoretic view of basic processes in reading. In Pearson, P. D. (ed.), Handbook of reading research (pp. 255291). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Beck, I.L., McKeown, M.G., & Kucan, L. (2002). Bringing words to life: Robust vocabulary instruction. New York: Guilford.Google Scholar
Biancarosa, C. & Snow, C. E. (2006). Reading next – A vision for action and research in middle and high school literacy: A report to Carnegie Corporation of New York, 2nd edn. Washington, DC: Alliance for Excellent Education.Google Scholar
Brown, A. L. & Day, J. D. (1983). Macrorules for summarizing texts: The development of expertise. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22(1), 114. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(83)80002–4Google Scholar
Brown, A. L. & Palincsar, A. S. (1987). Reciprocal teaching of comprehension strategies: A natural history of one program for enhancing learning. In Day, J. & Borkowski, J. (eds.), Intelligence and exceptionality: New directions for theory, assessment, and instructional practices (pp. 81132). Westport, CT: Ablex Publishing.Google Scholar
Brozo, W. G. (2009). Response to intervention or responsive instruction? Challenges and possibilities of response to intervention for adolescent literacy. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 53, 277281. https://doi.org/10.1598/JAAL.53.4.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chall, J. S. (1983). Learning to read: The great debate. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Chard, D. J., Vaughn, S., & Tyler, B. (2002). A synthesis of research on effective interventions for building reading fluency with elementary students with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 35, 386406. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222194020350050101Google Scholar
Compton, D. L., Miller, A. C., Elleman, A. M., & Steacy, L. M. (2014). Have we forsaken reading theory in the name of “quick fix” interventions for children with reading disability? Scientific Studies of Reading, 18(1), 5573. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2013.836200Google Scholar
Duffy, G. G., Roehler, L. R., Sivan, E., Rackliffe, G., Book, C., Meloth, M. S., … & Bassiri, D. (1987). Effects of explaining the reasoning associated with using reading strategies. Reading Research Quarterly, 22(3), 347368. https://doi.org/10.2307/747973CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duke, N. K. & Pearson, P. D. (2008). Effective practices for developing reading comprehension. The Journal of Education, 189(1/2), 107122Google Scholar
Durkin, D. (1978). What classroom observations reveal about reading comprehension instruction. Reading Research Quarterly, 14, 481533.Google Scholar
Edmonds, M. S., Vaughn, S., Wexler, J., Reutebuch, C., Cable, A., Tackett, K. K., & Schnakenberg, J. W. (2009). A synthesis of reading interventions and effects on reading comprehension outcomes for older struggling readers. Review of Educational Research, 79, 262300. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654308325998Google Scholar
Elleman, A., Lindo, E. J., Murphy, P., & Compton, D. (2009). The impact of vocabulary instruction on passage-level comprehension of school-age children: A meta-analysis. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2(1),144. https://doi.org/10.1080/19345740802539200Google Scholar
Every Student Succeeds Act (2015). Pub. L. No. 114–95 § 114 Stat. 1177 (2015–2016).Google Scholar
Gajria, M. & Salvia, J. (1992). The effects of summarization instruction on text comprehension of students with learning disabilities. Exceptional Children, 58(6), 508516. https://doi.org/10.1177/001440299205800605Google Scholar
Gallini, J. K., Spires, H. A., Terry, S., & Gleaton, J. (1993). The influence of macro and micro-level cognitive strategies training on text learning. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 26(3), 164178.Google Scholar
Goldman, S. R., Snow, C., & Vaughn, S. (2016). Common themes in teaching reading for understanding: Lessons from three projects. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 60(3), 255264. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaal.586Google Scholar
Gough, P. B. & Tunmer, W. E. (1986). Decoding, reading, and reading disability. Remedial and Special Education, 7(1), 610.Google Scholar
Hagaman, J. L., Casey, K. J., & Reid, R. (2016). Paraphrasing strategy instruction for struggling readers. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 60(1), 4352. https://doi.org/10.1080/1045988X.2014.966802Google Scholar
Hairrell, A., Simmons, D., Swanson, E., Edmonds, M., Vaughn, S., & Rupley, W. H. (2010). Translating vocabulary research to social studies instruction: Before, during, and after text-reading strategies. Intervention in School and Clinic, 46(4), 204210. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053451210389606Google Scholar
Hattie, J. & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81112. https://doi.org/10.3102/003465430298487Google Scholar
IDEIA (Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act), 20 U.S.C. § 1400 (2004) Biennial report to Congress: Institute of Education Sciences. http://ies.ed.gov/pdf/biennialrpt05.PdfGoogle Scholar
Jitendra, A. K., Chard, D., Hoppes, M. K., Renouf, K., & Gardill, M. C. (2001). An evaluation of main idea strategy instruction in four commercial reading programs: Implications for students with learning problems. Reading and Writing Quarterly, 17(1), 5373. https://doi.org/10.1080/105735601455738Google Scholar
Jitendra, A. K., Hoppes, M. K., & Xin, Y. P. (2000). Enhancing main idea comprehension for students with learning problems: The role of a summarization strategy and self-monitoring instruction. The Journal of Special Education, 34(3), 127139. https://doi.org/10.1177/002246690003400302Google Scholar
Kamil, M. L., Borman, G. D., Dole, J., Kral, C. C., Salinger, T., & Torgesen, J. (2008). Improving adolescent literacy: Effective classroom and intervention practices: A Practice Guide (NCEE #2008–4027). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, and US Department of Education. http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc.Google Scholar
Kieffer, M. J. & Lesaux, N. K. (2007). Breaking down words to build meaning: Morphology, vocabulary, and reading comprehension in the urban classroom. The Reading Teacher, 61(2), 134144. https://doi.org/10.1598/RT.61.2.3Google Scholar
Klingner, J. K., Vaughn, S., Arguelles, M. E., Hughes, M. T., & Leftwich, S. A. (2004). Collaborative strategic reading “real-world” lessons from classroom teachers. Remedial and Special Education, 25(5), 291302.Google Scholar
Levin, J. R. (1973). Inducing comprehension in poor readers: A test of a recent model. Journal of Educational Psychology, 65(1), 1924. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034818Google Scholar
National Education Summit on High Schools. (2005). An action agenda for improving America’s high schools. www.achieve.org/SummitActionAgendaGoogle Scholar
NCES (National Center for Education Statistics). (2015). The nation’s report card: Trends in academic progress 2015 (NCES 2015–136). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, and US Department of Education.Google Scholar
NCLB (No Child Left Behind Act). (2001). Pub. L. No. 107–110, § 115, Stat. 1425 (2002).Google Scholar
Newman, L., Wagner, M., Huang, T., Shaver, D., Knokey, A.-M., Yu, J., … Cameto, R. (2011). Secondary school programs and performance of students with disabilities. A special topic report of findings from the national longitudinal transition Study-2 (NLTS2) (NCSER 2012–3000). Washington, DC: National Center for Special Education Research and US Department of Education.Google Scholar
Paivia, A. (1971). Imagery and verbal processes. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.Google Scholar
Paivia, A. (1986). Mental representations: A dual-coding approach. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Palincsar, A. S. & Brown, A. L. (1984). Reciprocal teaching of comprehension-fostering and comprehension-monitoring activities. Cognition and Instruction, 1, 117175. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532690xci0102_1Google Scholar
Pressley, G. M. (1976). Mental imagery helps eight-year-olds remember what they read. Journal of Educational Psychology, 68(3), 355359. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022–0663.68.3.355Google Scholar
Pressley, M., Wharton-McDonald, R., Mistretta-Hampston, J., & Echevarria, M. (1998). Literacy instruction in 10 fourth-grade classrooms in upstate New York. Scientific Studies of Reading, 2(2), 159194. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532799xssr0202_4Google Scholar
Raphael, T. E. & Pearson, P. D. (1985). Increasing students’ awareness of sources of information for answering questions. American Educational Research Journal, 22(2), 217235.Google Scholar
Rosenblatt, (1978). The reader, the text, the poem: The transactional theory of the literary work. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.Google Scholar
Saenz, L., Fuchs, L., & Fuchs, D. (2005). Peer-assisted learning strategies for English language learners with learning disabilities. Exceptional Children, 71(3), 231247. https://doi.org/10.1177/001440290507100302CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scammacca, N., Roberts, G., Vaughn, S., Edmonds, M., Wexler, J., Reutebuch, C. K., & Torgesen, J. K. (2007). Interventions for adolescent struggling readers: A meta-analysis with implications for practice. Portsmouth, NH: RMC Research Corporation, Center on Instruction.Google Scholar
Scammacca, N. K., Roberts, G., Vaughn, S., & Stuebing, K. K. (2015). A meta-analysis of interventions for struggling readers in grades 4–12: 1980–2011. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 48(4), 369390. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219413504995CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schumaker, J. B., Denton, P. H., & Deshler, D. D. (1994). The paraphrasing strategy: Instructor’s manual. Lawrence: University of Kansas Institute for Research in Learning Disabilities.Google Scholar
Simmons, D., Hairrell, A., Edmonds, M., Vaughn, S., Larsen, R., Willson, V., … & Byrns, G. (2010). A comparison of multiple-strategy methods: Effects on fourth-grade students’ general and content-specific reading comprehension and vocabulary development. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 3(2), 121156. https://doi.org/10.1080/19345741003596890Google Scholar
Solis, M., Miciak, J., Vaughn, S., & Fletcher, J. M. (2014). Why intensive interventions matter: Longitudinal studies of adolescents with reading disabilities and poor reading comprehension. Learning Disability Quarterly, 37(4), 218229. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731948714528806Google Scholar
Stanovich, K. E. & Cunningham, A. E. (1993). Where does knowledge come from? Specific associations between print exposure and information acquisition. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85(2), 211229. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022–0663.85.2.211CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevens, E. A., Walker, M. A., & Vaughn, S. (2017). The effects of reading fluency interventions on the reading fluency and reading comprehension performance of elementary students with learning disabilities: A synthesis of the research from 2001 to 2014. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 50(5), 576590. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219416638028Google Scholar
Toste, J. R., Fuchs, D., & Fuchs, L. S. (2013). Supporting struggling readers in high school. In Boon, R. T. & Spencer, V. G. (eds.), Adolescent literacy (pp. 7991). Baltimore, MD: Brookes.Google Scholar
van Dijk, T. A. & Kintsch, W. (1983). Strategies for discourse comprehension. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Vaughn, S. & Fletcher, J. M. (2012). Response to intervention with secondary school students with reading difficulties. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 45(3), 244256. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219412442157Google Scholar
Vaughn, S. & Fuchs, L. S. (2003). Redefining learning disabilities as inadequate response to instruction: The promise and potential problems. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 18(3), 137146. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540–5826.00070Google Scholar
Vaughn, S., Cirino, P. T., Wanzek, J., Wexler, J., Fletcher, J. M., Denton, C. D.,… Francis, D. J. (2010). Response to intervention for middle school students with reading difficulties: Effects of a primary and secondary intervention. School Psychology Review, 39(1), 321.Google Scholar
Vaughn, S., Klingner, J. K., Swanson, E. A., Boardman, A. G., Roberts, G., Mohammed, S. S., & Stillman-Spisak, S. J. (2011). Efficacy of collaborative strategic reading with middle school students. American Educational Research Journal, 48(4), 938964. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831211410305Google Scholar
Vaughn, S., Swanson, E. A., Roberts, G., Wanzek, J., Stillman‐Spisak, S. J., Solis, M., & Simmons, D. (2013). Improving reading comprehension and social studies knowledge in middle school. Reading Research Quarterly, 48(1), 7793. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.039Google Scholar
Vaughn, S. Wanzek, J., Murray, C. S., & Roberts, G. (2012). Intensive interventions for students struggling in reading and mathematics: A practice guide. Portsmouth, NH: RMC Research Corporation, Center on Instruction.Google Scholar
Vaughn, S., Wanzek, J., Wexler, J., Barth, A., Cirino, P. T., Fletcher, J. M.,... Francis, D. J. (2010). The relative effects of group size on reading progress of older students with reading difficulties. Reading and Writing, 23, 931956. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-009–9183-9Google Scholar
Vaughn, S., Wexler, J., Leroux, A., Roberts, G., Denton, C., Barth, A., & Fletcher, J. M. (2012). Effects of intensive reading intervention for eighth-grade students with persistently inadequate response to intervention. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 45(6), 515525. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219411402692Google Scholar
Vaughn, S., Wexler, J., Roberts, G., Barth, A. A., Cirino, P. T., Romain, M. A., … & Denton, C. A. (2011). Effects of individualized and standardized interventions on middle school students with reading disabilities. Exceptional Children, 77(4), 391407. https://doi.org/10.1177/001440291107700401Google Scholar
Wanzek, J. & Vaughn, S. (2007). Research-based implications from extensive early reading interventions. School Psychology Review, 36(4), 541561.Google Scholar
Wanzek, J., Vaughn, S., Scammacca, N., Gatlin, B., Walker, M. A., & Capin, P. (2016). Meta- analyses of the effects of tier 2 type reading interventions in Grades K-3. Educational Psychology Review, 28(3), 551576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-015–9321-7Google Scholar
Wanzek, J., Vaughn, S., Scammacca, N. K., Metz, K., Murray, C. S., Roberts, G., & Danielson, L. (2013). Extensive reading interventions for students with reading difficulties after grade 3. Review of Educational Research, 83(2), 163195. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654313477212CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, S. M. R., Gable, R. A., Gear, S. B., & Hughes, K. C. (2012). Evidence‐based strategies for improving the reading comprehension of secondary students: Implications for students with learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 27(2), 7989. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540–5826.2012.00353.xGoogle Scholar
Weisberg, R. K. & Balajthy, E. (1990). Development of disabled readers’ metacomprehension ability through summarization training using expository text: Results of three studies. Journal of Reading, Writing, & Learning Disabilities International, 6(2), 117136. https://doi.org/10.1080/0748763900060204Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×