Hate Crime

doi:10.1017/9781108550710.024

Chapter 23 - Hate Crime

from Part II - Problems Related to Crime and Violence

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 March 2018

Paul Iganski and

Abe Sweiry

Edited by

A. Javier Treviño

Show author details

A. Javier Treviño: Affiliation:
Wheaton College, Massachusetts

Book contents

Get access

Summary

The notion of “hate crime” is well known across North America, Europe, and other parts of the Western world. Hate crimes are offenses recognized to be related to a particular aspect of the victim's identity – her “race,” skin color, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, sexual identity, gender, or a disability she might have. Hate crime laws have been established to enhance the penalties of convicted offenders compared with those otherwise motivated. This chapter focuses on the significance of social movement activism in framing hate crime as a specific social problem needing to be recognized under criminal law. The significance of hate crime laws for a cultural politics – the construction of a counternarrative against the attitudes and values in which hate crime is predicated – is also considered.

Information

Type: Chapter
Information: The Cambridge Handbook of Social Problems , pp. 399 - 410

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108550710.024 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Allport, Gordon W. [1954] 1979. The Nature of Prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar

Beale, Sara Sun. 2000. Federalizing hate crimes: Symbolic politics, expressive law, or tool for criminal enforcement. Boston University Law Review 80:1227–81.Google Scholar

Botcherby, Susan, Glen, Fiona, Iganski, Paul, Jochelson, Karen, and Lagou, Spyridoula. 2011. Equality Groups’ Perceptions and Experience of Crime. Analysis of the British Crime Survey 2007–08, 2008–09 and 2009–10. Briefing Paper 4. London: Equality and Human Rights Commission.Google Scholar

Bowling, Benjamin. 1998. Violent Racism: Victimization, Policing and Social Context. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar

Braithwaite, David G. 1996. Combatting hate crimes: The use of civil alternatives to criminal prosecutions. Boston University Public Interest Law Journal 6:243.Google Scholar

Chakraborti, Neil, and Garland, Jon. 2009. Hate Crime. Impact, Causes and Responses. London: Sage.Google Scholar

Chakraborti, Neil, Garland, Jon, and Hardy, Stevie-Jade. 2014. The Leicester Hate Crime Project. Findings and Conclusions. Leicester, UK: University of Leicester.Google Scholar

College of Policing. 2014. Hate Crime Operational Guidance. Coventry, UK: College of Policing.Google Scholar

Ehrlich, Howard J., Larcom, Barbara E. K., and Purvis, Robert D.. 1994. The traumatic effects of ethnoviolence. Reprinted in Hate and Bias Crime. A Reader, edited by Perry, Barbara, 153–70. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Freeman, Steven M. 1992. Hate crime laws: Punishment which fits the crime. Annual Survey of American Law 581–85.Google Scholar

Gill, Aisha K., and Mason-Bish, Hannah. 2013. Addressing violence against women as a form of hate crime: Limitations and possibilities. Feminist Review 105:1–20.Google Scholar

Grattet, Ryken, Jenness, Valerie, and Curry, Theodore R.. 1998. The homogenization and differentiation of hate crime law in the United States, 1978 to 1995: Innovation and diffusion in the criminalization of bigotry. American Sociological Review 63(2):286–307.Google Scholar

Hall, Nathan. 2005. Hate Crime. Cullompton, UK: Willan.Google Scholar

Hall, Nathan. 2013. Hate Crime. 2nd ed. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar

Herek, Gregory M., and Berrill, Kevin T., eds. 1992. Hate Crimes. Confronting Violence against Lesbians and Gay Men. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar

Herek, Gregory M., Gillis, J. Roy, and Cogan, Jeanine C.. 1999. Psychological sequelae of hate crime victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 67:945–51.Google Scholar

Home Office. 1981. Racial attacks. Report of a Home Office study. London: Home Office.Google Scholar

Iganski, Paul, ed. 2002. The Hate Debate. London: Profile.Google Scholar

Iganski, Paul, 2008. Hate Crime and the City. Bristol, UK: Policy Press.Google Scholar

Iganski, Paul, and Levin, Jack. 2015. Hate Crime. A Global Perspective. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Jacobs, James B., and Potter, Kimberly. 1998. Hate Crimes. Criminal Law and Identity Politics, New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Jacobs, James B., and Henry, Jessica S.. 1996. The social construction of a hate crime epidemic. The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology 86(2):366–91.Google Scholar

Jenness, Valerie, and Broad, Kendal. 1997. Hate Crimes: New Social Movements and the Politics of Violence. New York: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar

Jenness, Valerie, and Grattet, Ryken. 1996. The criminalization of hate: A comparison of structural and polity influences on the passage of bias-crime legislation in the United States. Sociological Perspectives 39(1):129–54.Google Scholar

Jenness, Valerie, and Grattet, Ryken. 2001. Making Hate a Crime: From Social Movement to Law Enforcement. New York: Russell Sage.Google Scholar

Kelly, Robert J., ed. 1991. Bias Crime. American Law Enforcement and Legal Responses. Chicago: Office of International Criminal Justice, at the University of Illinois Chicago.Google Scholar

Lawrence, Frederick M. 1999. Punishing Hate. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Lawrence, Frederick M. 2002. Racial violence on a “small island”: Bias crime in a multicultural society. In The Hate Debate, edited by Iganski, Paul, 36–53. London: Profile.Google Scholar

Levin, Jack, and McDevitt, Jack. 1993. Hate Crimes: The Rising Tide of Bigotry and Bloodshed. New York: Plenum.Google Scholar

Maroney, Terry A. 1998. Struggle against hate crime: Movement at a crossroads. NYU Law Review 73:564–620.Google Scholar

Mason, Gail. 2014. The symbolic purpose of hate crime law: Ideal victims and emotion. Theoretical Criminology 18(1):75–92.Google Scholar

Mason-Bish, Hannah. 2009. Hate crime in Great Britain: Establishing, expanding and exploring a policy domain. PhD thesis, University of Essex, UK.Google Scholar

McDevitt, Jack., Balboni, Jennifer, Garcia, Luis, and Gu, Joann. 2001. Consequences for victims: A comparison of bias and non-bias motivated assaults. American Behavioral Scientist 45(4):697–713.Google Scholar

McVeigh, Rory, Welch, Michael R., and Bjarnason, Thoroddur. 2003. Hate crime reporting as a successful social movement outcome. American Sociological Review 68(6):843–67.Google Scholar

Mills, Heather. 1990. A recent London street killing has heightened concerns over “queer-bashing.” The Independent. May 14.Google Scholar

Moran, Leslie J., and Sharpe, Andrew N.. 2004. Violence, identity and policing: The case of violence against transgender people. Criminal Justice 4(4):395–417.Google Scholar

Nocon, Andrew, Iganski, Paul, and Lagou, Spyridoula. 2011. Disabled People's Experiences and Concerns about Crime. Briefing Paper 4. Manchester, UK: Equality and Human Rights Commission.Google Scholar

Perry, Barbara. 2001. In the Name of Hate. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Perry, Barbara. 2005. A crime by any other name: The semantics of “hate.” Journal of Hate Studies 4(1):121–37.Google Scholar

Petersen, Cynthia. 1991. A queer response to bashing: Legislating against hate. Queen's Law Journal 16:237–60.Google Scholar

Shenk, Alyssa H. 2001. Victim-offender mediation: The road to repairing hate crime injustice. Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution 17:185–217.Google Scholar

Spade, Jane, and Willse, Craig. 2000. Confronting the limits of gay hate crimes activism: A radical critique. Chicano-Latino Law Review 21:38–52.Google Scholar

Taylor, Damon Henderson. 1999. Civil litigation against hate groups hitting the wallets of the nation's hate-mongers. Buffalo Public Interest Interest Law Journal 18:95–145.Google Scholar

Virdee, Satnam. 1995. Racial Violence and Harassment. London: Policy Studies Institute.Google Scholar

Waxman, Barbara Faye. 1991. Hatred: The unacknowledged dimension in violence against disabled people. Sexuality and Disability 9(3):185–99.Google Scholar

Witte, Rob. 1996. Racist Violence and the State. London: Longman.Google Scholar

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Accessibility compliance for the PDF of this book is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.