Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-dfsvx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T08:18:22.353Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

21 - Information Communication Technology and Employee Well-Being

Understanding the “iParadox Triad” at Work

from Part V - Technology in Motivation and Performance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2019

By
Arla Day ,
Larissa K. Barber  and
Jillian Tonet
Edited by
Richard N. Landers
Richard N. Landers
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Technology and Employee Behavior , pp. 580 - 607
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agarwal, R. & Prasad, J. (1999). Are individual differences germane to the acceptance of new information technologies? Decision Sciences, 30(2), 361–391. doi:10.1111/j.1540–5915.1999.tb01614.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashforth, B. E., Kreiner, G. E., & Fugate, M. (2000). All in a day’s work: Boundaries and micro role transitions. Academy of Management Review, 25(3), 472–491. doi: 10.5465/AMR2000.3363315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baer, S. M., Jenkins, J. S., & Barber, L. K. (2016). Home is private … Do not enter! Introversion and sensitivity to work–home conflict. Stress and Health, 32(4), 441–445. doi:10.1002/smi.2628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakker, A. B. & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands–resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328. doi:10.1108/02683940710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakker, A., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. (2003). Dual processes at work in a call centre: An application of the job demands–resources model. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 12(4), 393–417. doi:10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00030–1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, L. K. & Santuzzi, A. M. (2015). Please respond ASAP: Workplace telepressure and employee recovery. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 20(2), 172–189. doi:10.1037/a0038278.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barley, S. R., Meyerson, D. E., & Grodal, S. (2011). E-mail as a source and symbol of stress. Organization Science, 22(4), 887–906. doi:10.1287/orsc.1100.0573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bulger, C. A., Matthews, R. A., & Hoffman, M. E. (2007). Work and personal life boundary management: Boundary strength, work/personal life balance, and the segmentation integration continuum. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(4), 365. doi:10.1037/1076–8998.12.4.365.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burton-Jones, A. & Hubona, G. S. (2005). Individual differences and usage behavior: Revisiting a technology acceptance model assumption. ACM Sigmis Database, 36(2), 58–77. doi:10.1145/1066149.1066155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butts, M. M., Becker, W. J., & Boswell, W. R. (2015). Hot buttons and time sinks: The effects of electronic communication during nonwork time on emotions and work-nonwork conflict. Academy of Management Journal, 58(3), 763–788. doi:10.5465/amj.2014.0170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Z., Powell, G. N., & Greenhaus, J. H. (2009). Work-to-family conflict, positive spillover, and boundary management: A person-environment fit approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74(1), 82–93. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2008.10.009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, S. C. (2000). Work/family border theory: A new theory of work/family balance. Human Relations, 53(6), 747–770. doi:10.1177/0018726700536001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clayton, R. B., Leshner, G., & Almond, A. (2015). The extended iSelf: The impact of iPhone separation on cognition, emotion, and physiology. Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication, 20, 119–135. doi:10.1111/jcc4.12109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, A. M., Hislop, D., & Cartwright, S. (2016). Social support in the workplace between teleworkers, office‐based colleagues and supervisors. New Technology, Work and Employment, 31(2), 161–175. doi:10.1111/ntwe.12065.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, C. D. & Kurland, N. B. (2002). Telecommuting, professional isolation, and employee development in public and private organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(4), 511–532. doi:10.1002/job.145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coovert, M. D. & Thompson, L. F. (2003). Technology and workplace health. In Quick, J. C. & Tetrick, L. E. (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health psychology (pp. 221–241). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
David, P. A. (1990). The dynamo and the computer: an historical perspective on the modern productivity paradox. The American Economic Review, 80(2), 355–361.Google Scholar
Day, A. L. & Jreige, S. (2002). Examining Type A behavior battern to explain the relationship between job demands and psychosocial outcomes. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7, 109–120. doi:10.1037/1076–8998.7.2.109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Day, A., Paquet, S., Scott, N., & Hambley, L. (2012). Perceived information and communication technology (ICT) demands on employee outcomes: The moderating effect of organizational ICT support. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17, 473–491. doi:10.1037/a0029837.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Day, A., Scott, N., & Kelloway, E. K. (2010). Information and communication technology: Implications for job stress and employee well-being. In Perrewé, P. L. & Ganster, D. C. (Eds.), New developments in theoretical and conceptual approaches to job stress (vol. 8, pp. 317–350). Emerald Group Publishing. doi: 10.1108/S1479-3555(2010)0000008011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19(2), 109–134. doi:10.1016/0092–6566(85)90023–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. doi:10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (2002). Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialectical perspective. In Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 3–33). Rochester, NY: University Rochester Press.Google Scholar
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands– resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 499–512. doi:10.1037/0021–9010.86.3.499.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dewan, S. & Kraemer, K. L. (1998). International dimensions of the productivity paradox. Communications of the ACM, 41(8), 56–62. doi:10.1145/280324.280333CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dewett, T. & Jones, G. R. (2001). The role of information technology in the organization: A review, model, and assessment. Journal of Management, 27, 313–346. doi:10.1177/014920630102700306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diaz, I., Chiaburu, D. S., Zimmerman, R. D., & Boswell, W. R. (2012). Communication technology: Pros and cons of constant connection to work. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(2), 500–508. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.08.007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ernst, D. (July 24, 2017) Wisconsin company to offer staff microchip implants: “The next evolution in payment systems.” The Washington Times. Retrieved from www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/jul/24/three-square-market-to-offer-staff-microchip-impla/.Google Scholar
Gagné, M. & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self‐determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331–362. doi:10.1002/job.322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grawitch, M. J., Ledford, G. E. Jr.,, Ballard, D. W., & Barber, L. K. (2009). Leading the healthy workforce: The integral role of employee involvement. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 61(2), 122–135. doi:10.1037/a0015288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffin, A. (February 19, 2016). This is what the ‘i’ in ‘iPhone’ stands for. Business Insider. Retrieved from www.businessinsider.com/this-is-what-the-i-in-iphone-stands-for-2016–2.Google Scholar
Hackman, J. R. & Oldham, G. R. (1980). Work redesign. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Hair, M., Renaud, K. V., & Ramsay, J. (2007). The influence of self-esteem and locus of control on perceived email-related stress. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 2791–2803. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2006.05.005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, D. T. & Richter, J. (1988). Balancing work life and home life: What can organizations do to help? The Academy of Management Executive, 2(3), 213–223. doi:10.5465/AME.1988.4277258.Google Scholar
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513–524. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jett, Q. R. & George, J. M. (2003). Work interrupted: A closer look at the role of interruptions in organizational life. Academy of Management Review, 28(3), 494–507. doi:10.5465/AMR.2003.10196791.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kanter, R. M. (1977). Work and family in the United States: A critical review and agenda for research and policy. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Karasek, R. A. (1979). Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 285–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korunka, C. & Vitouch, O. (1999). Effects of the implementation of information technology on employees’ strain and job satisfaction: A context-dependent approach. Work & Stress, 13(4), 341–363. doi:10.1080/02678379950019798.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kossek, E. E. & Lautsch, B. A. (2007). CEO of me: Creating a life that works in the flexible job age. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, Pearson Education.Google Scholar
Kossek, E. E., Pichler, S., Bodner, T., & Hammer, L. B. (2011). Workplace social support and work–family conflict: A meta‐analysis clarifying the influence of general and work–family‐specific supervisor and organizational support. Personnel Psychology, 64(2), 289–313. doi:10.1111/j.1744–6570.2011.01211.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kossek, E. E., Ruderman, M. N., Braddy, P. W., & Hannum, K. M. (2012). Work–nonwork boundary management profiles: A person-centered approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 81(1), 112–128. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2012.04.003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kremer, W. (August 14, 2014). Should holiday email be deleted? BBC News. Retrieved from www.bbc.com/news/magazine-28786117.Google Scholar
Kulik, C. T., Oldham, G. R., & Hackman, J. R. (1987). Work design as an approach to person-environment fit. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 31(3), 278–296. doi:10.1016/0001–8791(87)90044–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Coping and adaptation. In Gentry, W. D. (Ed.), The handbook of behavioral medicine (pp. 282–325). New York, NY: Guilford.Google Scholar
Leonardi, P. M., Treem, J. W., & Jackson, M. H. (2010). The connectivity paradox: Using technology to both decrease and increase perceptions of distance in distributed work arrangements. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 38(1), 85–105. doi:10.1080/00909880903483599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levy, B. & Spiller, P. T. (1994). The institutional foundations of regulatory commitment: a comparative analysis of telecommunications regulation. The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 10(2), 201–246. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jleo.a036849.Google Scholar
Lin, B. C., Kain, J. M., & Fritz, C. (2013). Don’t interrupt me! An examination of the relationship between intrusions at work and employee strain. International Journal of Stress Management, 20(2), 77–94. doi:10.1037/a0031637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, C., Spector, P., & Jex, S. (2005). The relation of job control with job strains: A comparison of multiple data sources. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78(3), 325–336. doi:10.1348/096317905X26002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mack, E. (2017). Why the company putting ‘chip’ Implants in employees isn’t starting a trend. Forbes. Retrieved from www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/2017/07/25/microchips-implant-three-square-market-wisconsin-chip/#28c86179463a.Google Scholar
Mamaghani, F. (2006). Impact of information technology on the workforce of the future: An analysis. International Journal of Management, 23(4), 845–850.Google Scholar
Mazmanian, M., Orlikowski, W. J., & Yates, J. (2013). The autonomy paradox: The implications of mobile email devices for knowledge professionals. Organization science, 24, 1337–1357. doi:10.1287/orsc.1120.0806.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meijman, T. F, & Mulder, G. (1998). Psychological aspects of workload. In Drenth, P. J. D. & Thierry, H. (Eds.), Handbook of work and organizational psychology (vol. 2, pp. 5–33). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Mellner, C. (2016). After-hours availability expectations, work-related smartphone use during leisure, and psychological detachment: The moderating role of boundary control. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 9, 146–164. doi:10.1108/IJWHM-07–2015-0050.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, S. & Weckert, J. (2000). Privacy, the workplace and the internet. Journal of Business Ethics, 28, 255–265. doi:10.1023/A: 1006232417265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, K., Morgan, M., & Hall, J. (2000). Psychological developments in high technology teaching and learning environments. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 31, 71–79. doi:10.1111/1467–8535.00136.Google Scholar
Morganson, V. J., Major, D. A., Oborn, K. L., Verive, J. M., & Heelan, M. P. (2010). Comparing telework locations and traditional work arrangements: Differences in work-life balance support, job satisfaction, and inclusion. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(6), 578–595. doi:10.1108/026839410110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, D. Z. (2017). New French law bars work email after hours. Fortune. Retrieved from http://fortune.com/2017/01/01/french-right-to-disconnect-law/.Google Scholar
Moser, K. S. & Axtell, C. M. (2013). The role of norms in virtual work. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 12, 1–6. doi:10.1027/1866–5888/a000079.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, Y. & Koseoglu, O. (2007). Wireless networking in tunnelling projects. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 22(3), 252–261. doi:10.1016/j.tust.2006.08.004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nippert-Eng, C. E. (1996). Home and work. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Driscoll, M. P., Brough, P., Timms, C., & Sawang, S. (2010). Engagement with information and communication technology and psychological well-being. In Perrewé, P. L. & Ganster, D. C. (Eds.), New developments in theoretical and conceptual approaches to job stress (vol. 8, pp. 269–316). Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohly, S. & Latour, A. (2014). Work-related smartphone use and well-being in the evening. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 13, 174–183. doi:10.1027/1866–5888/a000114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oldham, G. R. & Hackman, J. R. (2010). Not what it was and not what it will be: The future of job design research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(2‐3), 463–479. doi:10.1002/job.678.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, Y., Fritz, C., & Jex, S. M. (2011). Relationships between work-home segmentation and psychological detachment from work: The role of communication technology use at home. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16, 457–467. doi:10.1037/a0023594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pew Research Center (2017). 10 facts about smartphones as the iPhone turns 10. Retrieved from www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/06/28/10-facts-about-smartphones/.Google Scholar
Piszczek, M. M. & Berg, P. (2014). Expanding the boundaries of boundary theory: Regulative institutions and work-family role management. Human Relations, 67(12), 1491–1512. doi:10.1177/0018726714524241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porter, G. & Kakabadse, N. K. (2006). HRM perspectives on addiction to technology and work. Journal of Management Development, 25(6), 535–560. doi:10.1108/0262171061067011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ragu-Nathan, T. S., Tarafdar, M., & Ragu-Nathan, B. S. (2008). The consequences of technostress for end users in organizations: Conceptual development and empirical validation. Information Systems Research, 19, 417–433. doi:10.1287/isre.1070.0165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramirez, A., Walther, J. B., Burgoon, J. K., & Sunnafrank, M. (2002). Information-seeking strategies, uncertainty, and computer-mediated communication. Human Communication Research, 28, 213–228. doi:10.1111/j.1468–2958.2002.tb00804.x.Google Scholar
Rennecker, J. & Godwin, L. (2005). Delays and interruptions: A self-perpetuating paradox of communication technology use. Information and Organization, 15(3), 247–266. doi:10.1016/j.infoandorg.2005.02.004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosen, L. & Weil, M. (1997). TechnoStress: Coping with technology @work @home @play. Etobicoke, ON: John Wiley & Sons Canada.Google Scholar
Ryan, R. M. & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. doi:10.1037110003-066X.55.1.68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salomon, I. & Salomon, M. (1984). Telecommuting: The employee’s perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 25(1), 15–28. doi:10.1016/0040–1625(84)90077–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheldon, K. M. & Elliot, A. J. (1999). Goal striving, need satisfaction, and longitudinal well-being: The self-concordance model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(3), 482–497. doi:10.1037/0022–3514.76.3.482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shu, Q., Tu, Q., & Wang, K. (2011). The impact of computer self-efficacy and technology dependence on computer-related technostress: A social cognitive theory perspective. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 27(10), 923–939. doi:10.1080/10447318.2011.555313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, M. J., Carayon, P., Sanders, K. J., Lim, S. Y., & LeGrande, D. (1992). Employee stress and health complaints in jobs with and without electronic performance monitoring, Applied Ergonomics, 23, 17–27. doi:10.1016/0003–6870(92)90006-H.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sonnentag, S. (2001). Work, recovery activities, and individual well-being: A diary study. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6(3), 196–210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sonnentag, S. & Bayer, U. V. (2005). Switching off mentally: Predictors and consequences of psychological detachment from work during off-job time. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(4), 393–414. doi:10.1037/1076–8998.10.4.393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sonnentag, S. & Fritz, C. (2007). The Recovery Experience Questionnaire: Development and validation of a measure for assessing recuperation and unwinding from work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(3), 204–221. doi:10.1037/1076–8998.12.3.204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sonnentag, S. & Fritz, C. (2015). Recovery from job stress: The stressor‐detachment model as an integrative framework. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36, 72–103. doi:10.1002/job.1924.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Standen, P., Daniels, K., & Lamond, D. (1999). The home as a workplace: Work-family interaction and psychological well-being in telework. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 4, 368–381.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stanton, J. M. & Weiss, E. M. (2000). Electronic monitoring in their own words: An exploratory study of employees’ experiences with new types of surveillance. Computers in Human Behavior, 16, 423–440. doi:10.1016/S0747-5632(00)00018–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steinmueller, W. E. (2000). Will new information and communication technologies improve the “codification” of knowledge? Industrial and Corporate Change, 9, 361–376. doi:10.1093/icc/9.2.361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Syvänen, A., Mäkiniemi, J. P., Syrjä, S., Heikkilä-Tammi, K., & Viteli, J. (July, 2016). When does the educational use of ICT become a source of technostress for Finnish teachers? In Seminar. Net: Media, Technology & Life-Long Learning (Vol. 12, No. 2).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarafdar, M., Tu, Q., & Ragu-Nathan, T. S. (2010). Impact of technostress on end-user satisfaction and performance. Journal of Management Information Systems, 27, 303–334. doi:10.2753/MIS0742-1222270311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ter Hoeven, C. L., van Zoonen, W., & Fonner, K. L. (2016). The practical paradox of technology: The influence of communication technology use on employee burnout and engagement. Communication Monographs, 83(2), 239–263. doi:10.1080/03637751.2015.1133920.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomée, S., Eklöf, M., Gustafsson, E., Nilsson, R., & Hagberg, M. (2007). Prevalence of perceived stress, symptoms of depression and sleep disturbances in relation to information and communication technology (ICT) use among young adults–an explorative prospective study. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(3), 1300–1321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2013). The impact of job crafting on job demands, job resources, and well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18(2), 230. doi:10.1037/a0032141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tomaskovic-Devey, D. & Risman, B. J. (1993). Telecommuting innovation and organization: a contingency theory of labor process change. Social Science Quarterly, 74(2), 367–385.Google Scholar
Vasagar, J. (August 31, 2013). Out of hours working banned by German labour ministry. The Telegraph. Retrieved from www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/10276815/Out-of-hours-working-banned-by-German-labour-ministry.html.Google Scholar
Venkatesh, V. & Morris, M. G. (2000). Why don’t men ever stop to ask for directions? Gender, social influence, and their role in technology acceptance and usage behavior. MIS Quarterly, 24, 115–139. doi:10.2307/3250981.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wall, T. D., Jackson, P. R., Mullarkey, S., & Parker, S. K. (1996). The demands – control model of job strain: A more specific test. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 69(2), 153–166. doi:10.1111/j.2044–8325.1996.tb00607.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, A. (2017). France gives employees ‘right to disconnect’ from work emails. The Star. Retrieved from www.thestar.com/news/world/2017/01/02/france-gives-employees-right-to-disconnect-from-work-emails.html.Google Scholar
Weatherbee, T. & Kelloway, E. K. (2006). A case of cyberdeviancy: Cyberaggression in the workplace. In Kelloway, E. K., Barling, J., & Hurrell, J. J. (Eds.), Handbook of workplace violence (pp. 445–487). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, D. M. & Kruglanski, A. W. (1994). Individual differences in need for cognitive closure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1049–1062. doi:10.1037/0022–3514.67.6.1049.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wei, R. & Hwei Lo, V. (2006). Staying connected while on the move: Cell phone use and social connectedness. New Media & Society, 8, 53–72. doi:10.1177/1461444806059870.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitley, B. E. (1997). Gender differences in computer-related attitudes and behavior: A meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 13(1), 1–22. doi:10.1016/S0747-5632(96)00026-X.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkes, S. M., Barber, L. K., & Rogers, A. P. (2017). Development and validation of the Workplace Interruptions Measure. Stress and Health, 34, 1–13. doi:10.1002/smi.2765.Google ScholarPubMed
Wood, C. (2001). Dealing with tech rage. MacLean’s, 114(12), 41–42.Google Scholar
Wrzesniewski, A. & Dutton, J. E. (2001). Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 179–201. doi:10.5465/AMR.2001.4378011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×