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17 - Mechanical Regulation of Stem Cells

Implications in Tissue Remodeling

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2014

By
Kyle Kurpinski ,
Randall R. R. Janairo ,
Shu Chien  and
Song Li
Edited by
Mohammad R. K. Mofrad  and
Roger D. Kamm
Kyle Kurpinski
Affiliation:
University of California, Berkeley
Randall R. R. Janairo
Affiliation:
University of California, Berkeley
Shu Chien
Affiliation:
University of California, San Diego
Song Li
Affiliation:
University of California, Berkeley
Mohammad R. K. Mofrad
Affiliation:
University of California, Berkeley
Roger D. Kamm
Affiliation:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Summary

Introduction

Stem cells, which can self-renew and differentiate into cells with specialized functions, are usually classified as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and adult stem cells. ESCs are derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, can self-renew indefinitely, and can give rise to cell types of all somatic lineages from the three embryonic germ layers. Adult stem cells have been found in many types of tissues and organs such as bone marrow, blood, muscle, skin, intestine, fat, and brain. Bone marrow is one of the most abundant sources of adult stem cells and progenitor cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can be isolated from bone marrow. These bone marrow MSCs are pluripotent stromal cells. MSCs can be expanded into billions of folds in culture, and can be stimulated to differentiate into a variety of cell types. HSCs give rise to blood cells. These cells, along with EPCs, are mobilized in response to growth factors and cytokines released upon injury in tissues and organs, and therefore can be isolated from peripheral blood in addition to the bone marrow. Both embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells have tremendous potential for cell therapy and tissue repair.

Type
Chapter
Information
Cellular Mechanotransduction
Diverse Perspectives from Molecules to Tissues
 , pp. 403 - 416
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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References

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