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14 - Toward Green Deployment and Operation for C-RANs

from Part III - Resource Allocation and Networking in C-RANs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 February 2017

Edited by
Tony Q. S. Quek ,
Mugen Peng ,
Osvaldo Simeone  and
Wei Yu
Tony Q. S. Quek
Affiliation:
Singapore University of Technology and Design
Mugen Peng
Affiliation:
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Osvaldo Simeone
Affiliation:
New Jersey Institute of Technology
Wei Yu
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
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Summary

Introduction

The boost in the number of mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets, together with the diverse applications enabled by mobile Internet, has triggered the exponential growth of mobile data traffic [1]. It is estimated that the next generation (5G) cellular networks will need to support a 1000-fold increase in traffic capacity [2]. With limited spectrum resources, it is challenging to accommodate the huge volume of traffic demand with conventional radio access network (RAN) architecture, in which the processing functionalities are packed into stand-alone base stations (BSs) and the cooperation between BSs is limited. In addition, 5G is expected to support massive connections including not only human-to-human connections but also machine-to-machine connections. Some demand a high data rate, while others have a low capacity requirement but require a real-time response and high reliability. As a result, the cellular network must be flexible enough to adapt to the various characteristics of different types of connections. Besides, under the influence of innovative applications from IT companies, the average revenue per user of network operators tends to increase slowly or even decrease in some cases, while expenditure increases rapidly [3]. Such trend imposes a great challenge to the sustainability of the cellular network.

Therefore, it is crucial to renovate cellular network architectures to meet the requirements of 5G systems in terms of high efficiency, flexibility, and sustainability. One of the promising architecture evolution trends is integrating cloud computing technology into cellular networks, and accordingly cloud-RAN (C-RAN) [3] is proposed to move base band units (BBUs) of BSs to a centralized cloud computing platform, and only leaving remote radio heads (RRHs) in the front end. A similar idea is also proposed under the name wireless network cloud (WNC) [4]. In cloud-based cellular network architectures, software-defined BS functionalities are implemented on general purpose platforms (GPP) with virtualization technologies, making them virtual base stations (VBSs) [5-7]. Compared with conventional BSs, C-RAN is more flexible in terms of the implementation of new functionalities and the management of computational resource. The pooling of BBU processing brings statistical multiplexing gain not only for radio resources, via cooperative signal processing, but also for computational resources via BS function consolidation, thus potentially reducing operational cost [8]. In addition, centralized processing can also be combined with dynamic fronthaul switching to address the mobility and energy efficiency issues of small cells [9, 10].

Type
Chapter
Information
Cloud Radio Access Networks
Principles, Technologies, and Applications
 , pp. 347 - 376
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

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