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5 - The Exponential Function

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 September 2018

Ian Stewart
Affiliation:
University of Warwick
David Tall
Affiliation:
University of Warwick
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Summary

The complex exponential function exp(z), sin(z), cos(z) are defined as power series, used to prove properties analogous to the real case, with new ideas such as Euler's formula exp(z) = cos(z) + i.sin(z). Defining e = exp(1) gives exp(z) = e^z. For z= x + iy, e^z= e^(x + iy) = e^x.e^(iy) = e^x(cos(y) + i sin(y)). Real properties of the exponential and the trigonometric functions are used to build the complex generalisations, linking symbolic properties to visual dynamic complex representations. These include the periodicity of exp, sine and cosine and introduction of other complex trigonometric and hyperbolic functions.

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