Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface to the First Edition
- Preface to the Revised Second Edition
- Part One Preliminaries
- Part Two Finite Difference Methods
- Part Three Finite Element Methods
- Part Four Automatic Grid Generation, Adaptive Methods, and Computing Techniques
- Part Five Applications
- Chapter Twenty-One Applications to Turbulence
- Chapter Twenty-Two Applications to Chemically Reactive Flows and Combustion
- Chapter Twenty-Three Applications to Acoustics
- Chapter Twenty-Four Applications to Combined Mode Radiative Heat Transfer
- Chapter Twenty-Five Applications to Multiphase Flows
- Chapter Twenty-Six Applications to Electromagnetic Flows
- Chapter Twenty-Seven Applications to Relativistic Astrophysical Flows
- Appendixes
- Index
- References
Chapter Twenty-One - Applications to Turbulence
from Part Five - Applications
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface to the First Edition
- Preface to the Revised Second Edition
- Part One Preliminaries
- Part Two Finite Difference Methods
- Part Three Finite Element Methods
- Part Four Automatic Grid Generation, Adaptive Methods, and Computing Techniques
- Part Five Applications
- Chapter Twenty-One Applications to Turbulence
- Chapter Twenty-Two Applications to Chemically Reactive Flows and Combustion
- Chapter Twenty-Three Applications to Acoustics
- Chapter Twenty-Four Applications to Combined Mode Radiative Heat Transfer
- Chapter Twenty-Five Applications to Multiphase Flows
- Chapter Twenty-Six Applications to Electromagnetic Flows
- Chapter Twenty-Seven Applications to Relativistic Astrophysical Flows
- Appendixes
- Index
- References
Summary
General
Turbulence is a natural phenomenon in fluids that occurs when velocity gradients are high, resulting in disturbances in the flow domain as a function of space and time. Examples include smoke in the air, condensation of air on a wall, flows in a combustion chamber, ocean waves, stormy weather, atmospheres of planets, and interaction of the solar wind with magnetosphere, among others.
Although turbulence has been the subject of intensive study for the past century, it appears that many difficulties still remain unresolved, particularly in flows with high Mach numbers and high Reynolds numbers. Turbulent flows arise in contact with walls or in between two neighboring layers of different velocities. They result from unstable waves generated from laminar flows as the Reynolds number increases downstream. With velocity gradients increasing, the flow becomes rotational, leading to a vigorous stretching of vortex lines, which cannot be supported in two dimensions. Thus, turbulent flows are always physically three-dimensional, typical of random fluctuations. This makes 2-D simplifications unacceptable in most of the numerical simulation.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Computational Fluid Dynamics , pp. 689 - 733Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2010
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