Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4hhp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-16T21:09:01.341Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2023

Faisal Z. Ahmed
Affiliation:
Princeton University, New Jersey
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Conquests and Rents
A Political Economy of Dictatorship and Violence in Muslim Societies
, pp. 275 - 290
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abadie, Alberto, Diamond, Alexis, and Hainmueller, Jens. 2015. “Comparative Politics and the Synthetic Control Method,” American Journal of Political Science, 59(2): 495510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abramson, Scott and Boix, Carles. 2018. “Endogenous Parliaments: The Domestic and International Roots of Long-Term Economic Growth and Executive Constraints in Europe,” Working paper.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, Daron and Johnson, Simon. 2005. “Unbundling Institutions,” Journal of Political Economy, 113(5): 949995.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, Daron and Robinson, James A.. 2006. Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, Daron and Robinson, James A.. 2012. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty, New York: Crown Publishing.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, Daron and Robinson, James A.. 2019. “Rents and Economic Development: The Perspective of Why Nations Fail,” Public Choice, 181: 1328.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, Daron, Johnson, Simon, and Robinson, James A.. 2005. “The Rise of Europe: Atlantic Trade, Institutional Change, and Economic Growth,” American Economic Review, 95(3): 546579.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, Daron, Johnson, Simon, Robinson, James A., and Yared, Pierre. 2008. “Income and Democracy,” American Economic Review, 98(3): 808842.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, Daron, Naidu, Suresh, Restrepo, Pascual, and Robinson, James A.. 2019. “Democracy Does Cause Growth,” Journal of Political Economy, 127(1): 47100.Google Scholar
Adam, Hussein M. 1999. “Somali Civil Wars,” in Ali, T. M. and Matthews, R. O. (eds.), Civil Wars in Africa: Roots and Resolution, Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 175.Google Scholar
Ahmadov, Anar K. 2014. “Oil, Democracy, and Context: A Meta-analysis,” Comparative Political Studies, 47(9): 12111237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahmed, Faisal Z. 2012. “The Perils of Unearned Foreign Income: Aid, Remittances, and Government Survival,” American Political Science Review, 106(1): 145165.Google Scholar
Ahmed, Faisal Z. 2013. “Remittances Deteriorate Governance,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 95(4): 11661182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahmed, Faisal Z. 2020. The Perils of International Capital, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ahmed, Faisal Z. 2021. “Muslim Conquest and Institutional Formation,” Explorations in Economic History, 81, 10140.Google Scholar
Ahmed, Faisal Z. and Malik, Adeel. 2022. “Crony Globalization,” Working Paper.Google Scholar
Ahmed, Faisal Z. and Werker, Eric. 2012. “Unobserved State Fragility and the Political Transfer Problem,” Working Paper.Google Scholar
Ahmed, Faisal Z., Schwab, Daniel, and Werker, Eric. 2021. “The Political Transfer Problem: How Cross-Border Financial Windfalls Affect Democracy and Civil War,” Journal of Comparative Economics, 49(2): 313339.Google Scholar
Albertus, Michael and Menaldo, Victor. 2012. “Coercive Capacity and the Prospects for Democratization,” Comparative Politics, 44(2): 151169.Google Scholar
Alesina, Alberto and Dollar, David. 2000. “Who Gives Aid to Whom and Why?Journal of Economic Growth, 5(1): 3363.Google Scholar
Alesina, Alberto, Baqir, Reza, and Easterly, William. 1999. “Public Goods and Ethnic Divisions,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(4): 12431284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alesina, Alberto, Devleeschauwer, Arnaud, Easterly, William, Kurlat, Sergio, and Wacziarg, Romain. 2003. “Fractionalization,” Journal of Economic Growth, 8: 155194.Google Scholar
Alesina, Alberto, Easterly, William, and Matuszeski, Janina. 2012. “Artificial States,” Journal of the European Economic Association, 9(2): 246277.Google Scholar
Alvarez, Michael, Cheibub, José Antonio, Limongi, Fernando, and Przeworski, Adam. 1996. “Classifying Political Regimes,” Studies in Comparative International Development, 31(2): 336.Google Scholar
Andersen, Jorgen J. and Aslasken, Silje. 2013. “Oil and Political Survival,” Journal of Development Economics, 87(2): 227246.Google Scholar
Andersen, Jorgen J. and Ross, Michael L.. 2014. “The Big Oil Change: A Close Look at the Haber-Menaldo Analysis,” Comparative Political Studies, 47(7): 9331021.Google Scholar
Anderson, Perry. 1974. Lineages of the Absolutist State. New York: Verso.Google Scholar
Andersen, Thomas B. and Jensen, Peter S.. 2019. “Preaching Democracy: The Second Vatican Council and the Third Wave,” Journal of Comparative Economics, 47: 525540.Google Scholar
Arias, Luz Marina and Girod, Desha. 2014. “Indigenous Origins of Colonial Institutions,” Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 9(3): 371406.Google Scholar
Arjomand, Said Amir. 2010. “Legitimacy and Political Organization: Caliphs, Kings, and Regimes,” in Irwin, Robert (ed.), New Cambridge History of Islam, Vol 4., Islamic Cultures and Societies to the End of the Eighteenth Century, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 250.Google Scholar
Asher, Sam and Novosad, Paul. 2014. “Dirty Politics: Natural Resource Wealth and Politics in India,” unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Aslasken, Silje. 2010. “Oil as Sand in the Democratic Machine?Journal of Peace Research, 47(4): 421431.Google Scholar
Ayalon, David. 1994. “Mamluk: Military Slavery in Egypt and Syria,” in David Ayalon (ed.), Islam and the Abode of War: Military Slaves and Islamic Adversaries, New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Baccini, Leonardo and Urpelainen, Johannes. 2014. Cutting the Gordian Knot of Economic Reform: When and How International Institutions Help, New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Baldwin, Kate and Huber, John D.. 2010. “Economic versus Cultural Differences: Forms of Ethnic Diversity and Public Goods Provision,” American Political Science Review, 104(4): 644662.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banks, Arthur. 2010. “Banks Cross-National Time Series Data Archive” [computer file]. Jerusalem: Databanks International. Retrieved from: www.databanks.sitehosting.net/.Google Scholar
Bapat, Navin. 2019. Monsters to Destroy: Understanding the War on Terror, London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Barkey, Karen. 1994. Bandits and Bureaucrats: The Ottoman Route to State Centralization, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Barkey, Karen and Gavrilis, George. 2016. “The Ottoman Millet System: Non-Territorial Autonomy and Its Contemporary Legacy,” Ethnopolitics, 15(1): 2442.Google Scholar
Baron, Rueben M. and Kenny, David A. 1986. “The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6): 11731182.Google Scholar
Barro, Robert J. 1999. “Determinants of Democracy,” Journal of Political Economy, 107(6S): 158183.Google Scholar
Basedau, Matthias and Lay, Jann. 2009. “Resource Curse or Rentier Peace? The Ambiguous Effects of Oil Wealth and Oil Dependency on Violent Conflict,” Journal of Peace Research, 46(6): 757776.Google Scholar
Basedau, Matthias and Richter, Thomas. 2014. “Why Do Some Oil Exporters Experience Civil War but Others Do Not? A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Net Oil-Exporting Countries,” European Political Science Review, 6(4): 549574.Google Scholar
Bates, Robert H. and Lien, Da-Hsiang Donald. 1985. “A Note on Taxation, Development, and Representative Government,” Politics and Society, 14(1): 5370.Google Scholar
Beblawi, Hazem. 1987. “The Rentier State in the Arab World,” in Beblawi, Hazem and Luciani, Giacomo (eds.), The Rentier State, New York: Croom Helm, 4962.Google Scholar
Bellin, Eva. 2004. “The Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Exceptionalism in Comparative Perspective,” Comparative Politics, 36(2): 139157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bermeo, Sarah B. 2010. “Foreign Aid and Regime Change: A Role for Donor Intent,” World Development, 39(11): 20212031.Google Scholar
Bermeo, Sarah B. 2016. “Aid is Not Oil: Donor Preferences, Heterogeneous Aid, and the Aid-Democratization Relationship,” International Organization, 70:1 (Winter): 132.Google Scholar
Bermeo, Sarah B. 2017. “Aid Allocation and Targeted Development in an Increasingly Connected World,” International Organization, 71(4): 735766.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernstein, Thomas P. and Xiaobo, Lu. 2000. “Taxation without Representation: Peasants, the Central and the Local States in Reform China,” The China Quarterly, 163(September): 742763.Google Scholar
Besley, Timothy, and Persson, Torsten. 2009. “Repression or Civil War?American Economic Review, 99(2): 292297.Google Scholar
Besley, Timothy, and Persson, Torsten. 2010. “State Capacity, Conflict, and Development,” Econometrica, 78(1): 134.Google Scholar
Besley, Timothy, and Persson, Torsten. 2011a. Pillars of Prosperity: The Political Economics of Development Clusters, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Besley, Timothy, and Persson, Torsten. 2011b. “The Logic of Political Violence,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126(3): 14111445.Google Scholar
Besley, Timothy and Reynal-Querol, Marta. 2014. “The Legacy of Historical Conflict: Evidence from Africa,” American Political Science Review, 108(2): 319336.Google Scholar
Besteman, Catherine. 1996. “Violent Politics and the Politics of Violence: The Dissolution of the Somali Nation-State,” American Ethnologist, 23(3): 579596.Google Scholar
Betz, Timm, Cook, Scott J., and Hollenbach, Florian. 2018. “On the Use and Abuse of Spatial Instruments,” Political Analysis, 26(4): 474479.Google Scholar
Bjorvatn, Kjetil and Naghavi, Alireza. 2011. “Rent Seeking and Regime Stability in Rentier States,” European Journal of Political Economy, 27(4): 740748.Google Scholar
Blattman, Christopher and Miguel, Edward 2010. “Civil War,” Journal of Economic Literature, 48(1): 357.Google Scholar
Blaydes, Lisa. 2017. “State Building in the Middle East,” Annual Review of Political Science, 20: 487504.Google Scholar
Blaydes, Lisa. 2018. State of Repression: Iraq Under Saddam Hussein, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Blaydes, Lisa and Chaney, Eric. 2013. “The Feudal Revolution and Europe’s Rise: Political Divergence of the Christian West and the Muslim World before 1500 CE,” American Political Science Review, 107(1): 1634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boix, Carlos. 2003. Democracy and Redistribution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Boix, Carlos. 2011. “Democracy, Development, and the International System,” American Political Science Review, 105(4): 809828.Google Scholar
Boix, Carlos, Miller, Michael K., and Rosato, Sebastian. 2013. “A Complete Data Set of Political Regimes, 1800–2007,” Comparative Political Studies, 46(12): 15231554.Google Scholar
Boschini, Anne D., Pettersson, J., and Roine, J.. 2007. “Resource Curse or Not: A Question of Appropriability,” Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 109(3):593617.Google Scholar
Bosworth, Edmund. 2010. “The Steppe Peoples of the Islamic World,” in Morgan, David O. and Reid, Anthony (eds.), New Cambridge History of Islam, Vol 3. The Eastern Islamic World Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1977.Google Scholar
Brakman, Steven and van Marrewijk, Charles. 1998. The Economics of International Transfers, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bray, Julia. 2010. “Arabic Literature,” in Fierro, Maribel (ed.), New Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 2. The Western Islamic World Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 383413.Google Scholar
Brett, Michael. 2010. “State Formation and Organization,” in Fierro, Maribel (ed.), New Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 2. The Western Islamic World Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 383413.Google Scholar
Brocksette, Valerie, Chanda, Areendam, and Putterman, Louis. 2002. “States and Markets: The Advantage of an Early Start,” Journal of Economic Growth, 7(4): 347369.Google Scholar
Brollo, Fernanda, Nannicini, Tommaso, Perotti, Roberto, and Tabellini, Guido. 2013. “The Political Resource Curse,” American Economic Review, 103(5); 17591796.Google Scholar
Brooks, Stephen. 2007. Producing Security: Multinational Corporations, Globalization, and the Changing Calculus of Conflict, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Brown, Archie. 2009. The Rise and Fall of Communism, London: Random House.Google Scholar
Brownlee, Jason M. 2002. “Low Tide after the Third Wave: Exploring Politics under Authoritarianism,” Comparative Politics, 34(4): 477498.Google Scholar
Brownlee, Jason M., Masoud, Tarek, and Reynolds, Andrew. 2015. The Arab Spring: Pathways of Repression and Reform, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce and Smith, Alastair 2009. “A Political Economy of Aid,” International Organization, 63(2): 309340.Google Scholar
Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce and Smith, Alastair 2010. “Leader Survival, Revolutions, and the Nature of Government Finance,” American Journal of Political Science, 54(4): 936950.Google Scholar
Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, Smith, Alastair, Morrow, James D., and Siverson, Randolph M.. 2003. The Logic of Political Survival, Cambridge: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Bulliet, Richard W. 2011. “Neo-Mamluk Legitimacy and the Arab Spring,” Middle East Law and Governance, 3: 6067.Google Scholar
Cahen, Claude. 1953. “L’evolution de l’iqta,” Annales: ESC, 8:2552.Google Scholar
Cammett, Melani, Diwan, Ishac, Richards, Alan, and Waterbury, John. 2015. A Political Economy of the Middle East (4th Edition), Boulder, CO: Westview.Google Scholar
Casella, Alessandra and Eichengreen, Barry. 1996. “Can Foreign Aid Accelerate Stabilization?Economic Journal, 106 (436): 605619.Google Scholar
Caselli, Francesco and Tesei, Andrea. 2016. “Resource Windfalls, Political Regimes, and Political Stability,” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 98(3): 573590.Google Scholar
Caselli, Francesco, Rohner, Dominic, and Morelli, Massimo. 2015. “The Geography of Interstate Resource Wars,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 130(1): 267315.Google Scholar
Cederman, Lars-Erik, Weidmann, Nils B., and Gleditsch, Kristian S.. 2011. “Horizontal Inequalities and Ethnonationalist War: A Global Comparison”, American Political Science Review, 105(3): 478495.Google Scholar
Chaney, Eric. 2012. “Democratic Change in the Arab World, Past and Present”, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Spring: 363–414.Google Scholar
Chaudhry, Kiren A. 1997. The Price of Wealth: Economies and Institutions in the Middle East, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Cheibub, José A., Gandhi, Jennifer, and Vreeland, James R.. 2010. “Democracy and Dictatorship Revisited,” Public Choice, 143(1): 67101.Google Scholar
Colgan, Jeff. 2013. Petro-Aggression: When Oil Causes War, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Colgan, Jeff. 2015. “Oil, Domestic Conflict, and Opportunities for Democratization,” Journal of Peace Research, 52(1): 316.Google Scholar
Collier, Paul. 2009. Wars, Guns, and Votes: Democracy in Dangerous Places, New York: Harper Collins.Google Scholar
Collier, Paul and Hoeffler, Anke. 1998. “On Economic Causes of Civil War,” Oxford Economic Papers, 50: 563573.Google Scholar
Collier, Paul and Hoeffler, Anke. 2004. “Greed and Grievance in Civil War,” Oxford Economic Papers, 56(4): 563595.Google Scholar
Corden, W. Max and Neary, Peter J.. 1982. “Booming Sector and De-industrialization in a Small Open Economy,” Economic Journal, 92 (December): 825848.Google Scholar
Cordova, J. Ernesto Lopez and Meissner, Christopher M.. 2008. “The Globalization of Trade and Democracy, 1870–2000,” World Politics, 60(4): 539575.Google Scholar
Crane, Keith. 1986. The Soviet Economic Dilemma of Eastern Europe, Rand Corporation.Google Scholar
Crone, Patricia. 1980. Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Crystal, Jill. 1990. Oil and Politics in the Gulf: Rulers and Merchants in Kuwait and Qatar, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cunningham, David E. 2016. “Preventing Civil War: How the Potential for International Intervention Can Deter Conflict Onset,” World Politics 68(2): 307340.Google Scholar
Cust, James and Harding, Torfinn. 2020. “Institutions and the Location of Oil Exploration”, Journal of the European Economic Association, 18(3): 13211350.Google Scholar
Dahl, Robert A. 1971. Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Dell, Melissa. 2010. “The Persistent Effect of Peru’s Mining Mita,” Econometrica, 78(6): 18631903.Google Scholar
Devlin, Robert. 1989. Debt and Crisis in Latin America: The Supply Side of the Story, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Diamond, Jared. 1997. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Society, New York: W.W. Norton and Company.Google Scholar
Dietrich, Simone. 2016. “Donor Political Economies and the Pursuit of Aid Effectiveness,” International Organization, 70(1): 65102.Google Scholar
Dincecco, Mark. 2017. State Capacity and Economic Development: Past and Present. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dincecco, Mark and Wang, Yuhua. 2018. “Violent Conflict and Political Development over the Long Run: China versus Europe,” Annual Review of Political Science, 21: 341358.Google Scholar
Donner, Fred. 1981. The Early Islamic Conquests, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Doyle, Michael and Sambanis, Nicolas. 2006. Making War and Peacebuilding: United Nations Peacekeeping Missions, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Downing, Brian. 1992. The Military Revolution and Political Change: Origins of Democracy and Autocracy in Early Modern Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Dreher, Axel and Vreeland, James. 2014. The Political Economy of the United Nations Security Council, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dunning, Thad. 2004. “Conditiong the Effects of Aid: Cold War Politics, Donor Credibility, and Democracy in Africa,” International Organization, 58(2): 409423.Google Scholar
Dunning, Thad. 2008. Crude Democracy: Natural Resource Wealth and Political Regimes, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Eibl, Ferninand and Malik, Adeel. 2016. “The Politics of Partial Liberalization: Cronyism and Non-Tariff Protection in Mubarak’s Egypt,” CSAE Working Paper WPS/2016-27.Google Scholar
Eichengreen, Barry and Leblang, David. 2008. “Democracy and Globalization,” Economics and Politics, 20(3): 289334.Google Scholar
Elbadawi, Ibrahim and Makdisi, Samir. 2017. Democratic Transitions in the Arab World, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Engerman, Stanley and Sokoloff, Kenneth. 2000. “Institutions, Factor Endowments, and the Paths of Development in the New World,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(3): 217232.Google Scholar
Entelis, John P. 1976. “Oil Wealth and the Prospects for Democratization in the Arabian Peninsula: The Case of Saudi Arabia,” in Sherbiny, Naiem A. and Tessler, Mark A. (eds.), Arab Oil: Impact on the Arab Countries and Global Implications, New York: Praeger, 77111.Google Scholar
Fearon, James. 1995. “Rationalist Explanations for War,” International Organization, 49(3): 379414.Google Scholar
Fearon, James and Laitin, David. 2003. “Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War,” American Political Science Review, 97(1): 7586.Google Scholar
Fieldhouse, David K. 2006. Western Imperialism in the Middle East, 1914–1958, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Finer, Samuel E. 1997. The History of Government: Volume II, The Intermediate Ages, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fish, M. Steven. 2002. “Islam and Authoritarianism,” World Politics, 55(1): 437.Google Scholar
Fish, M. Steven. 2011. Are Muslims Distinctive? A Look at the Evidence, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fish, M. Steven and Brooks, Robin S.. 2004. “Does Diversity Hurt Democracy?Journal of Democracy, 15(1): 154166.Google Scholar
Freeman, John R. and Quinn, Dennis P.. 2012. “The Economic Origins of Democracy Reconsidered,” American Political Science Review, 106(1): 5880.Google Scholar
Frieden, Jeffry R. 1991. Debt, Development, and Democracy: Modern Political Economy and Latin America, 1965–1985, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Gaidar, Yegor. 2007. “The Soviet Collapse,” American Enterprise Institute, URL: www.aei.org/feature/the-soviet-collapse/, accessed March 18, 2015.Google Scholar
Gallup, John L., Sachs, Jeffrey D., and Mellinger, Andrew D.. 1999. “Geography and Economic Development,” International Regional Science Review, 22(2): 179232.Google Scholar
Gandhi, Jennifer. 2008. Political Institutions under Dictatorship, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gandhi, Jennifer and Lust-Okar, Ellen. 2009. “Elections under Authoritarianism,” Annual Review of Political Science, 12: 403422.Google Scholar
Gartzke, Eric. 2007. “The Capitalist Peace,” American Journal of Political Science, 51(1): 166191.Google Scholar
Gartzke, Erik, Li, Quan, and Boehmer, Charles. 2001. “Investing in the Peace: Economic Interdependence and International Conflict,” International Organization, 55(2): 391438.Google Scholar
Gassebner, Martin, Lamla, Michael J., and Vreeland, James R.. 2012. “Extreme bounds of democracy,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, 57(2): 171197.Google Scholar
Geddes, Barbara. 1999. “What Do We Know about Democratization after Twenty Years?Annual Review of Political Science, 2: 115144.Google Scholar
Geddes, Barbara, Wright, Joseph, and Frantz, Eric. 2014. “Autocratic Breakdown and Regime Transitions: A New Data Set,” Perspectives on Politics, 12(2): 313331.Google Scholar
Gehlbach, Scott. 2008. Representation through Taxation: Revenue, Politics, and Development in Postcommunist States, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gerner, Deborah J. 1985. “Petro-Dollar Recycling: Imports, Arms, Investment and Aid,” Arab Studies Quarterly, 1–26.Google Scholar
Gerring, John, Bond, Philip, Barndt, William T., and Moreno, Carola. 2005. “Democracy and Economic Growth: A Historical Perspective,” World Politics, 57(3): 323364.Google Scholar
Gerring, John, Ziblatt, Daniel, Van Gorp, Johan, and Arevalo, Julian. 2011. “An Institutional Theory of Direct and Indirect Rule,” World Politics, 63(3): 377433.Google Scholar
Gibb, Hamilton A. 1955. “An Interpretation of Islamic History – II,” Muslim World, 45(2): 121133.Google Scholar
Girod, Desha and Walters, Meir R.. 2018. “Imperial Origins of the Oil Curse,” Journal of Arabian Studies, 8: 1328.Google Scholar
Gledistch, Kristian S. and Ward, Michael D.. 1997. “Double Take: A Reexamination of Democracy and Autocracy in Modern Politics,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, 41(3): 361383.Google Scholar
Gleditsch, Nils Petter. 2012. “Whither the Weather? Climate Change and Conflict,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, 49(1): 39.Google Scholar
Glick, Thomas F. 1979. Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Goldberg, Ellis, Wibbels, Erik and Mvukiyehe, Eric. 2008. “Lessons from Strange Cases: Democracy, Development, and the Resource Curse in US States,” Comparative Political Studies, 41(4–5): 477514.Google Scholar
Gowa, Joanne. 1995. Allies, Adversaries, and International Trade, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Gowa, Joanne and Mansfield, Edward D.. 1993. “Power Politics and International Trade,” American Political Science Review, 87(2): 408420.Google Scholar
Grossman, Gene M. and Helpman, Elhanan. 1994. “Protection for Sale,” American Economic Review, 84(4): 833850.Google Scholar
Grossman, Herschel I. 1992. “Foreign Aid and Insurrection,”Defense Economics 3(4): 275–88.Google Scholar
Guardado, Jenny. 2018. “Office Selling Corruption and Long-Term Development in Peru,” American Political Science Review, 112(4): 971995.Google Scholar
Gurr, Ted. 1970. Why Men Rebel. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Gurr, Ted. 2000. People versus States: Minorities at Risk in the New Century. Washington, DC: US Institute of Peace Press.Google Scholar
Gunitsky, Seva. 2017. Aftershocks: Great Powers and Domestic Reforms in the Twentieth Century, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Guyer, Jane I. 1992. “Representation without Taxation: An Essay on Democracy in Rural Nigeria, 1952–1990,” African Studies Review, 35(1): 4179.Google Scholar
Haber, Stephen and Menaldo, Victor. 2011a. “Do Natural Resources Fuel Authoritarianism? A Reappraisal of the Resource Curse,” American Political Science Review, 105(1): 126.Google Scholar
Haber, Stephen and Menaldo, Victor. 2011b. “Rainfall, Human Capital, and Democracy,” Stanford University and University of Washington.Google Scholar
Habyarimana, James, Humphreys, Macartan, Posner, Daniel N., and Weinstein, Jeremy M.. 2007. “Why Does Ethnic Diversity Undermine Public Goods Provision,” American Political Science Review, 101(4); 709725.Google Scholar
Haggard, Stephen and Kaufman, Robert R.. 2016. “Democratization During the Third Wave,” Annual Review of Political Science, 19: 125144.Google Scholar
Hallwood, Paul and Sinclair, Stuart. 1981. Oil, Debt and Development: OPEC in the Third World, London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.Google Scholar
Harbom, Lotta, Melander, Eric and Wallensteen, Peter. 2009. “Dyadic Dimensions of Armed Conflict, 1946–2008,” Journal of Peace Research, 45(5): 697710.Google Scholar
Hariri, Jacob G. 2012. “The Autocratic Legacy of Early Statehood,” American Political Science Review, 106(3): 471494.Google Scholar
Hariri, Jacob G. 2015. “A Contribution to the Understanding of Middle Eastern and Muslim Exceptionalism,” Journal of Politics, 77(2): 477490.Google Scholar
Heldt, Birger. 2011. “Peacekeeping and Transitions to Democracy,” in Fjelder, Hanne and Hoglund, Kristine (eds.), Building Peace, Creating Conflict? Conflictual Dimensions of Local and International Peacekeeping, Lund: Nordic Academic Press, 4773.Google Scholar
Herb, Michael. 2009. “A Nation of Bureaucrats: Political Participation and Economic Diversification in Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates,” International Journal of Middle East Studies, 41(3): 375395.Google Scholar
Hodgson, Marshall. 1974. The venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization. Vol 2, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hodler, Roland. 2006. “The Curse of Natural Resources in Fractionalized Countries,” European Economic Review, 50 (6): 13671386.Google Scholar
Hollyer, James R., Peter Rosendorff, B., and Vreeland, James Raymond. 2018. Information, Democracy, and Autocracy: Transparency and Political (In)Stability, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Houbens, Vincent J. 2003. “Southeast Asia and Islam,” Annals of the American Academy, 588 (July): 149170.Google Scholar
Huff, Toby E. 2003. The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China and the West, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hunter, Shireen. 1984. OPEC and the Third World: The Politics of Aid, London: Croom Helm.Google Scholar
Huntington, Samuel P. 1984. “Will More Countries Become Democratic?” Political Science Quarterly, 193–218.Google Scholar
Huntington, Samuel P. 1991. The Third Wave of Democratization: Democratization in the Late 20th Century, Norman, OK: Oklahoma University Press.Google Scholar
Hunziker, Philipp and Cederman, Lars-Erik. 2017. “No Extraction without Representation: The Ethno-Regional Oil Curse and Secessionist Conflict,” Journal of Peace Research, 54(3): 365381.Google Scholar
Ivanhoe, L.F. 2000. World Oil Supply: Production, Reserves, and EOR. Golden CO: M. King Hubert Center for Petroleum Supply Studies, Colorado School of Mines.Google Scholar
Jablonski, Ryan. 2014. “How Aid Targets Votes: The Effect of Electoral Strategies on the Distribution of Foreign Aid,” World Politics, 66(2): 293330.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter. 1999. The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jackson, Peter. 2009. “The Mamluk institution in early Muslim India,” in Jackson, Peter (ed.), Studies on the Mongol Empire and Early Muslim India, Farnham: Ashgate Variorum. 340358.Google Scholar
Jamal, Amaney A. 2012. Of Empires and Citizens: Pro-American Democracy or No Democracy at All? Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Jensen, Nathan M., Biglaiser, Glen, Li, Quan, Malesky, Edmund J., Pinton, Pablo and Pinto, Santiago. 2012. Politics and Foreign Direct Investment, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Jensen, Nathan and Wantchekon, Leonard. 2004. “Resource Wealth and Political Regimes in Africa,” Comparative Political Studies, 37(9): 816841.Google Scholar
Johns, Anthony H. 1961. “The Role of Sufism in the Spread of Islam to Malaya and Indonesia,” Journal of Pakistan Historical Society, 143–161.Google Scholar
Kalyvas, Stathis. 2009. “Civil Wars,” in Boix, Carlos and Stokes, Susan (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 416434.Google Scholar
Kalyvas, Stathis and Balcells, Laia. 2010. “International System and Technologies of Rebellion: How the End of the Cold War Shaped Internal Conflict,” American Political Science Review, 104(3): 415429.Google Scholar
Karl, Terri L. 1997. The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petro-States, Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Karpat, Kemal H. 1982. “Millets and Nationality: The Roots of the Incongruity of Nation and State in the Post-Ottoman Era” in Braude, Benjamin and Lewis, Bernard (eds.), Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire: The functioning of a plural society, New York: Holmes and Meier, 141169.Google Scholar
Kedourie, Ellie. 1994. Democracy and Arab Political Culture, Portland, OR: Frank Cass & Co.Google Scholar
Kennedy, Edward S. 1970. “The Arabic Heritage in the Exact Sciences,” Al-Abtath, 23: 327344.Google Scholar
Kennedy, Hugh. 2002. An Historical Atlas of Islam, Boston: Brill.Google Scholar
Kennedy, Hugh. 2004. “The Decline and Fall of the First Muslim Empire”, Der Islam, 81: 330.Google Scholar
Kennedy, Hugh. 2007. The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Change the World We Live In, Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press.Google Scholar
Kennedy, Hugh. 2010. “The City and the Nomad,” in Irwin, Robert (ed.), New Cambridge History of Islam, Vol 4. Islamic Cultures and Societies to the End of the Eighteenth Century, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 283.Google Scholar
Kepel, Gilles. 2002. Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam (trans. A. F. Roberts), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Keynes, John M. 1929. “The German Transfer Problem,” Economic Journal, 39 (153): 17.Google Scholar
Kohli, Atul. 2020. Imperialism and the Developing World: How Britain and the United States Shaped the Global Periphery, New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kotkin, Stephen. 2008. Armageddon Averted: Soviet Collapse, 1970–2000, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Koubi, Vally, Spilker, Gabriele, Boehmelt, Tobias, and Bernauer, Thomas. 2013. “Do Natural Resources Matter for Interstate and Intrastate Armed Conflict?Journal of Peace Research, 51(2): 227243.Google Scholar
Kurtz, Marcus J. and Brooks, Sarah M.. 2011. “Condition the Resource Curse: Globalization, Human Capital and Growth in Oil-Rich Nations,” Comparative Political Studies, 44(6): 747770.Google Scholar
Kuran, Timur. 2011. The Long Divergence: How Islamic Law Held Back the Middle East, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Kuran, Timur. 2018. “Islam and Economic Performance: Historical and Contemporary Links,” Journal of Economic Literature, 56(4): 12921359.Google Scholar
Kuru, Ahmet T. 2019. Islam, Authoritarianism, and Development: A Global and Historical Comparison, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kuziemko, Ilyana and Werker, Eric. 2006. “How Much Is a Seat on the Security Council Worth?Journal of Political Economy, 114(5): 905930.Google Scholar
Lapidus, Ira. 2002. A History of Islamic Societies, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lake, David A. and Baum, Matthew A.. 2001. “The Invisible Hand of Democracy: Political Control and the Provision of Public Services,” Comparative Political Studies, 34(6): 587621.Google Scholar
Lawrence, Adria. 2013. Imperial Rule and the Politics of Nationalism: Anti-Colonial Protest in the French Empire, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Le Billon, Philippe. 2001. “The Political Ecology of War: Natural Resources and Armed Conflicts,” Political Geography, 20(5): 561584.Google Scholar
Lee, Melissa. 2020. Crippling Leviathan: How Foreign Subversion Weakens the State, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Lei, Yu-Hsiang and Michaels, Guy. 2014. “Do Giant Oilfield Discoveries Fuel Internal Armed Conflict?Journal of Development Economics, 11: 139157.Google Scholar
Lenin, Vladimir I. 1917. Imperialism, the Highest Form of Capitalism: A Popular Outline, Available: www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1916/imp-hsc/ Accessed: May 2020.Google Scholar
Levi, Margaret. 1988. Of Rule and Revenue, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Levitsky, Steven and Way, Lucan A.. 2002. “The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism,” Journal of Democracy, 13(2): 5165.Google Scholar
Levitsky, Steven and Way, Lucan A.. 2010. Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Levtzion, Nehemia. 1973. Ancient Ghana and Mali, London: Methuen and Company.Google Scholar
Levtzion, Nehemia. 2002. “The Sahara and the Sudan from the Arab conquest of the Maghrib to the rise of the Almoravids,” in Fage, J. D. and Oliver, Roland (eds.), The Cambridge History of Africa, Vol 2. 500 BC to AD 1050, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 637684.Google Scholar
Lewis, Bernard. 1993. “Islam and Liberal Democracy,” Atlantic Monthly, 271(2): 8998.Google Scholar
Lewis, Bernard. 1996. “Islam and Liberal Democracy: A Historical Overview,” Journal of Democracy, 7(2): 5263.Google Scholar
Liberman, Peter. 1998. Does Conquest Pay?: The Exploitation of Occupied Industrial Societies, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Lindsay, Michael. 2008. Faith in the Halls of Power: How Evangelicals Joined the American Elite, New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lizzeri, Alessandro, and Persico, Nicola. 2001. “The Provision of Public Goods under Alternative Electoral Incentives,” American Economic Review, 91 (1): 225239.Google Scholar
Lujala, Päivi. 2010. “The Spoils of Nature: Armed Conflict and Rebel Access to Natural Resources,” Journal of Peace Research, 47(1): 1528.Google Scholar
Luong, Pauline J. and Weinthal, Erika. 2020. Oil Is Not a Curse: Ownership Structure and Institutions in Soviet Successor States, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lust, Ellen. 2011. “Missing the Third Wave: Islam, Institutions, and Democracy in the Middle East,” Studies in Comparative International Development, 46(2): 163190.Google Scholar
Mahdavi, Paasha. 2015. “Explaining the Oil Advantage: Effects of Natural Resource Wealth on Incumbent Reelection in Iran,” World Politics, 67(2): 226267.Google Scholar
Mahdavi, Paasha. 2020. Power Grab: Political Survival Through Extractive Resource Nationalization, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mahdavy, Hussein. 1970. “The Patterns and Problems of Economic Development in Rentier States: The Case of Iran,” in Cook, M. A. (ed.), Studies in Economic History of the Middle East, London: Oxford University Press, 428467.Google Scholar
Mann, Michael. 1984. “The Autonomous Power of the State: Its Origins, Mechanisms, and Results,” European Journal of Sociology, 25(2): 185213.Google Scholar
Marer, Paul. 1984. “The Political Economy of Soviet Relations with Eastern Europe,” Soviet Policy in Eastern Europe, 155–188.Google Scholar
Marshall, Monty G. and Jaggers, Keith. 2010. “Polity IV: Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions.”Google Scholar
Masoud, Tarek. 2014. Counting Islam: Religion, Class, and Elections in Egypt, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mazaheri, Nimah. 2020. Hydrocarbon Citizens: How Oil Transformed People and Politics in the Middle East, Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Meltzer, Allan H. and Richard, Scott F.. 1981. “A Rational Theory of the Size of Government,” Journal of Political Economy, 89(5): 914927.Google Scholar
Menaldo, Victor. 2016. The Institutions Curse: Natural Resources, Politics, and Development, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Michalopoulos, Stelios, Naghavi, Alireza, and Prarolo, Giovanni. 2018. “Trade and Geography in the Spread of Islam,” The Economic Journal, 1–32.Google Scholar
Miguel, Edward, Satyanath, Shanker, and Sergenti, Ernest. 2004. “Economic Shocks and Civil Conflict: An Instrumental Variables Approach,” Journal of Political Economy, 112(4): 725753.Google Scholar
Milner, Helen V. and Kubota, Keiko. 2005. “Why the Move to Free Trade? Democracy and Trade Policy in the Developing Countries,” International Organization, 59(1): 107143.Google Scholar
Milner, Helen V. and Mukherjee, Bumba. 2009. “Democratization and Economic Globalization,” Annual Review of Political Science, 12:163181.Google Scholar
Monroe, Stephen L. 2019. “Varieties of Protectionism: Ethnic Politics and Resistance to Neoliberalism in the Arab World,” PhD Dissertation, Princeton University.Google Scholar
Montalvo, Jose G. and Reynal-Querol, Marta. 2005. “Ethnic Polarization, Potential Conflict, and Civil Wars,” American Economic Review, 95(3): 796816.Google Scholar
Moore, Barrington. 1966. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World, Boston, MA: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Morby, John. 1989. Dynasties of the World: A Chronological and Genealogical Handbook, New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Morony, Michael J. 1984. Iraq after the Muslim conquest, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Morrison, Kevin M. 2015. Nontaxation and Representation: The Fiscal Foundations of Political Stability, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Murphy, John F. Jr. 2002. Sword of Islam. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.Google Scholar
Neumayer, Eric. 2002. “Arab-Related Bilateral and Multilateral Sources of Development Financing: Issues, Trends, and the Way Forward,” United Nations University: World Institute for Development Economics Research Discussion Paper No. 2002/96.Google Scholar
Neumayer, Eric. 2003. “What Factors Determine the Allocation of Aid by Arab Countries and Multilateral Agencies?Journal of Development Studies, 39(4): 134147.Google Scholar
Newey, Whitney K. 1987. “Efficient Estimation of Limited Dependent Variable Models with Endogenous Explanatory Variables,” Journal of Econometrics, 36(3): 231250.Google Scholar
Nielsen, Richard, Findley, Michael, Davis, Zach, Candland, Tara, and Nielsen, Daniel. 2011. “Foreign Aid Shocks as a Cause of Violent Armed Conflict,” American Journal of Political Science, 55 (2): 219232.Google Scholar
Nordvik, Frode Martin. 2019. “Does Oil Promote or Prevent Coups? The Answer is Yes,” The Economic Journal, 129(619): 14251456.Google Scholar
North, Douglass. 1991. “Institutions,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(1): 97112.Google Scholar
North, Douglass, Wallis, John and Weingast, Barry. 2012. Violence and Social Orders: A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nunn, Nathan. 2009. “The Importance of History for Economic Development,” Annual Review of Economics, 1: 6592.Google Scholar
Nunn, Nathan and Qian, Nancy. 2014. “US Food Aid and Civil Conflict,” American Economic Review, 104(6): 16301666.Google Scholar
Nunn, Nathan and Wantchekon, Leonard. 2011. “The Slave Trade and the Origins of Mistrust in Africa,” American Economic Review, 101(7): 32213252.Google Scholar
Nüssli, Christos. 2011. “Euratlas.” www.euratlas.com/about.html.Google Scholar
Ober, Josiah. 2015. The Rise and Fall of Classical Greece, Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
O’Callaghan, Joseph F. 1975. A History of Medieval Spain, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Okey, Robin. 2004. The Demise of Communist East Europe: 1989 in Context, London: Arnold.Google Scholar
Olson, Mancur. 1993. “Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development,” American Political Science Review, 87(3); 567576.Google Scholar
Olsson, Ola. 2009. “On the Democratic Legacy of Colonialism,” Journal of Comparative Economics, 37: 534551.Google Scholar
Østby, Gudrun, Nordå, Ragnhild and Rød, Jan Ketil. 2009. “Regional Inequalities and Civil Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa,” International Studies Quarterly, 53(2): 301324.Google Scholar
Oto-Peralías, Daniel and Romero-Ávila, Diego. 2016. “The Economic Consequences of the Spanish Reconquet: The Long-Term Effects of Medieval Conquest and Colonization,” Journal of Economic Growth, 21: 409464.Google Scholar
Ottaway, Marina. 2003. Democracy Challenged: The Rise of Semi-Authoritarianism, Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Google Scholar
Pepinsky, Thomas. 2009. Economic Crises and the Breakdown of Authoritarian Regimes: Indonesia and Malaysia in Comparative Perspective, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pevehouse, Jon C. 2005. Democracy from Above? Regional Organizations and Democratization, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pinto, Pablo. 2013. Partisan Investment in the Global Economy: Why the Left Loves Foreign Direct Investment and FDI Loves the Left, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pipes, Daniel. 1981. Slave Soldiers and Islam: The Genesis of a Military System, New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Polanyi, Karl. 1944. The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time, Boston, MA: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Powell, Robert. 2004. “The Inefficient Use of Power: Costly Conflict with Complete Information,” American Political Science Review 98(2): 231–41.Google Scholar
Powell, Robert. 2006. “War as a Commitment Problem,” International Organization, 60(1): 169203.Google Scholar
Przeworski, Adam. 1999. “The ‘East’ Becomes the ‘South?’ The ‘Autumn of the People’ and the Future of Eastern Europe,” PS: Political Science & Politics, 24(1): 2024.Google Scholar
Przeworski, Adam, Alvarez, Michael E., Cheibub, Jose Antonio, and Limongi, Fernando. 2000. Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950–1990, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Putnam, Robert. 1993. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Putterman, Louis. 2007. “State Antiquity Index (Version 3),” Brown University.Google Scholar
Rajan, Raghuram G. and Subramanian, Arvind. 2008. “Aid and Growth: What Does the Cross-Country Evidence Really Show?Review of Economics and Statistics, 90(4): 643665.Google Scholar
Ramsay, Kris. 2011. “Revisiting the Resource Curse: Natural Disasters, the Price of Oil, and Democracy,” International Organization, 65(4): 507529.Google Scholar
Regan, Patrick M. and Frank, Richard W.. 2014. “Migrant Remittances and the Onset of Civil War,” Conflict Management and Peace Science, 1–19.Google Scholar
Remmer, Karen L. 1992. “The Process of Democratization in Latin America,” Studies in Comparative International Development, 27(4): 324.Google Scholar
Reynolds, D. B., and Kolodziej, M.. 2008. “Former Soviet Union Oil Production and GDP Decline: Granger Causality and the Multi-cycle Hubbert Curve,” Energy Economics, 30(2): 271289.Google Scholar
Ricci, Matteo. 1609. Della entrata della Compagnia di Giesu e Christianita nella Cina, 3 vols. i. 156.Google Scholar
Riner, Deborah. 1982. Borrowers and Bankers: The Euro-Market and Political Economy in Peru and Chile, PhD dissertation, Princeton Department of Politics.Google Scholar
Rodrik, Dani, Subramanian, Arvind, and Trebbi, Francesco. 2004. “Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development,” Journal of Economic Growth, 9(2): 131165.Google Scholar
Roeder, Philip G. 2001. “Ethnolinguistic Fractionalization (ELF) Indices, 1961 and 1985,” Available from http//:weber.ucsd.edu/$\sim$proeder/elf.htm. Accessed: December 2018.Google Scholar
Ross, Michael L. 2001. “Does Oil Hinder Democracy?World Politics, 53 (April): 325361.Google Scholar
Ross, Michael L. 2008. “But Seriously: Does Oil Really Hinder Democracy,” Unpublished paper, UCLA. Available: https://leitner.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/resources/papers/ButSeriously.pdf.Google Scholar
Ross, Michael L. 2012. The Oil Curse: How Petroleum Wealth Shapes the Development of Nations, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Rowley, Charles K. and Smith, Nathanael. 2009. “Islam’s Democracy Paradox: Muslims Claim to Like Democracy, So Why Do They Have So Little?Public Choice, 139: 273299.Google Scholar
Rubin, Jared. 2017. Rulers, Religion, and Riches: Why the West Got Rich and the Middle East Did Not, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Savun, Burcu and Tirone, Daniel C.. 2012. “Exogenous Shocks, Foreign Aid, and Civil War,” International Organization, 66 (Summer): 363393.Google Scholar
Schedler, Andreas. 2006. Electoral Authoritarianism: The Dynamics of Unfree Competition, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Google Scholar
Scheve, Kenneth F. and Stasavage, David. 2016. Taxing the Rich: A History of Fiscal Fairness in the United States and Europe, Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Schumpeter, Joseph. 1950. Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, New York: Harper.Google Scholar
Schwarz, Rolf. 2008. “The Political Economy of State-Formation in the Arab Middle East: Rentier States, Economic Reform, and Democratization,” Review of International Political Economy, 599–621.Google Scholar
Shaw, Stanford J. 1968. “Some Aspects of the Aims and Achievements of the Nineteenth Century Ottoman Reformers,” in Polk, W. and Chambers, R. (eds.), Beginnings of Modernization in the Middle East, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 32.Google Scholar
Shaw, Stanford J. 1975. “The Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Tax Reforms and Revenue System,” International Journal of Middle East Studies, 6(4): 421459.Google Scholar
Simons, Geoff. 1996. Libya: The Struggle for Survival, New York: St. Martin’s Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Adam. 1776. The Wealth of Nations, London: W. Strahan and T. Cordello.Google Scholar
Smith, Alastair. 2008. “The Perils of Unearned Income,” Journal of Politics, 70(3): 780793.Google Scholar
Smith, Benjamin. 2007. Hard Times in the Lands of Plenty: Oil Politics in Iran and Indonesia, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Benjamin and Waldner, David. 2021. Rethinking the Resource Curse, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Snyder, Richard. 2006. “Does Lootable Wealth Breed Disorder? A Political Economy of Extraction Framework,” Comparative Political Studies, 39(8): 943968.Google Scholar
Soifer, Hillel. 2012. “The Causal Logic of Critical Junctures,” Comparative Political Studies, 45(12): 15721597.Google Scholar
Staiger, Douglas and Stock, James H.. 1997. “Instrumental Variable Regression with Weak Instruments,” Econometrica, 65(3): 557586.Google Scholar
Stasavage, David. 2010. “When Distance Mattered: Geographic Scale and the Development of European Representative Assemblies,” American Political Science Review, 104(4): 625643.Google Scholar
Stasavage, David. 2020. The Rise of Western Democracy: Why it Happened in Europe and Not China or the Middle East, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Steinert, Janna I. and Grimm, Sonja. 2015. “Too Good to Be True? United Nations Peacebuilding and the Democratization of War-Torn States,” Conflict Management and Peace Studies, 32(5): 513535.Google Scholar
Strayer, Joseph. 1970. On the Medieval Origins of the Modern State, Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Svensson, Jacob. 2000. “Foreign aid and rent-seeking,” Journal of International Economics, 51(2): 437461.Google Scholar
Svolik, Milan. 2008. “Authoritarian Reversals and Democratic Consolidation,” American Political Science Review, 102(2): 153168.Google Scholar
Svolik, Milan. 2012. The Politics of Authoritarian Rule, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tessler, Mark. 2002. “Islam and Democracy in the Middle East: The Impact of Religious Orientations on Attitudes Towards Democracy in Four Arab Countries,” Comparative Politics, 34 (April): 337354.Google Scholar
Thompson, Elizabeth F. 2020. How the West Stole Democracy from the Arabs: The Syrian Arab Congress and the Destruction of Its Historic Liberal-Islamic Alliance, New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles. 1992. Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990–1990, London: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Tir, Jaroslav and Karreth, Johannes. 2018. Incentivizing Peace: How International Organizations Can Help Prevent Civil War in Member Countries, New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tomz, Mike. 2007. Reputation and International Cooperation: Sovereign Debt across Three Centuries, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Tordo, Silvana, Tracy, Brandon S., and Arfaa, Noora. 2011. “National Oil Companies and Value Creation,” World Bank Working Paper 218.Google Scholar
Tornell, Aaron and Lane, Philip R.. 1999. “The Voracity Effect,” American Economic Review, 89(1): 2246.Google Scholar
Tsugitaka, Sato. 1996. State and Rural Society in Medieval Islam: Sultans, Muqta’s and Fallahun, Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.Google Scholar
Tsui, Kevin K. 2011. “More Oil, Less Democracy? Evidence from Worldwide Crude Oil Discoveries,” Economic Journal, 121(551): 89115.Google Scholar
Tullock, Gordon. 1967. “The Welfare Costs of Tariffs, Monopolies, and Theft,” Western Economic Journal, 5(3): 224232.Google Scholar
Ulfelder, Jay. 2007. “Natural Resource Wealth and the Survival of Autocracies,” Comparative Political Studies, 40(8): 366420.Google Scholar
von Grunebaum, Gustave E. 2008 (1970). Classical Islam: A History, 600 AD to 1258 AD, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.Google Scholar
Wantchekon, Leonard. 2002. “Why Do Resource Dependent Countries Have Authoritarian Governments?African Finance and Economic Development, 5(2): 5777.Google Scholar
Weber, Max. 1964 [1920]. The Sociology of Religion. Translated from German by Ephraim Fischoff, Boston, MA: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Weingast, Barry. 1997. “The Political Foundations of Democracy and the Rule of Law,” American Political Science Review, 91(2): 245263.Google Scholar
Werker, Eric. 2012. “The Political Economy of Bilateral Foreign Aid,” in Caprio, Gerard (ed.), Handbook of Safeguarding Global Financial Stability: Political, Social, Cultural, and Economic Theories and Models, London: Academic Press, 2012 (4758).Google Scholar
Werker, Eric, Ahmed, Faisal Z. and Cohen, Charles. 2009. “How Is Aid Spent? Evidence from a Natural Experiment,” American Economic Journal – Macroeconomics, 1(2): 225244.Google Scholar
Wharton Econometrics. 1983. “Centrally Planned Economics Outlook,” Washington, DC: Wharton Econometric Forecasting Associates, March 1983.Google Scholar
Wickham, Chris. 1985. “The Uniqueness of the East,” Journal of Peasant Studies, 12(2/3): 166196.Google Scholar
Wimmer, Andreas. 2016. “Is Diversity Detrimental? Ethnic Fractionalization, Public Goods Provision, and the Historical Legacies of Stateness,” Comparative Political Studies, 49(11):14071445.Google Scholar
Winters, Matthew and Wright, Joseph. 2010. “The Politics of Effective Foreign Aid,” Annual Review of Political Science 13 (June): 6180.Google Scholar
Wright, Joseph 2009. “How Foreign Aid Can Foster Democratization in Authoritarian Regimes,” American Journal of Political Science, 53(3): 552571.Google Scholar
Woodberry, Robert D. 2012. “The Missionary Roots of Liberal Democracy,” American Political Science Review, 106(2): 242274.Google Scholar
Yergin, Daniel. 2009. The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power, New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Yetiv, Steve A. and Oskarsson, Keterina. 2018. Challenged Hegemony: The United States, China, and Russia in the Persian Gulf, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • Faisal Z. Ahmed, Princeton University, New Jersey
  • Book: Conquests and Rents
  • Online publication: 01 June 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009367509.014
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • Faisal Z. Ahmed, Princeton University, New Jersey
  • Book: Conquests and Rents
  • Online publication: 01 June 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009367509.014
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • Faisal Z. Ahmed, Princeton University, New Jersey
  • Book: Conquests and Rents
  • Online publication: 01 June 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009367509.014
Available formats
×