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Chapter 3 - Ricardo

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 January 2026

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Summary

Chapter 3 describes Ricardo’s life growing up in the West Midlands. Ricardo was subject to intense police harassment, and the chapter argues firstly that racist policing makes some non-citizens more vulnerable to deportation power than others. Importantly, however, deportation not only reflects racism in wider society, it is also part of shifting how racism gets articulated thereafter. In other words, immigration controls produce as well as reflect racism. Painfully, Ricardo’s older brother was also deported a few years before him and killed in Montego Bay two years after his return. Ricardo is doing well in Jamaica, all things considered – he has work, housing and is starting a new family – while his brother, Delon, did not get the chance.

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Type
Chapter
Information
Deporting Black Britons
Portraits of deportation to Jamaica
, pp. 63 - 88
Publisher: Manchester University Press
First published in: 2026

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