Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x24gv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-31T11:26:27.629Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

9 - Circulatory system

from Part II - Empirical analyses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 November 2015

John William Prothero
John William Prothero
Affiliation:
University of Washington
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The Design of Mammals
A Scaling Approach
 , pp. 91 - 122
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Stacy, R.W., Williams, D.T., Worden, R.E. and McMorris, R.O. (1955). Essentials of Biological and Medical Physics, New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Schleier, J. (1918). Der energieverbrauch in der blutbahn. Pflügers Archiv, 173:172–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landis, E.M. and Hortenstine, J.C. (1950). Functional significance of venous blood pressure. Physiological Reviews, 30:1–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wiedeman, M.P. (1963). Dimensions of blood vessels from distributing artery to collecting vein. Circulation Research, 12:375–378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meier-Ruge, W., Hunziker, O., Schulz, U., Tobler, H.-J. and Schweizer, A. (1980). Stereological changes in the capillary network and nerve cells of the aging human brain. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 14:233–243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bazett, H.C. (1949). A consideration of the venous circulation. In: Zweifach, B.W. and Shorr, E. (eds.) Factors Regulating Blood Pressure, New York: Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, pp. 53–81.Google Scholar
Mall, F.P. (1906). A study of the structural unit of the liver. American Journal of Anatomy, 5:227–228. (No data provided for vessel lengths.)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burton, A.C. (1966). Physiology and Biophysics of the Circulation: An Introductory Text, 2nd edn. Chicago, IL: Year Book Medical Publishers.Google Scholar
Prothero, J.W. and Burton, A.C. (1962). The physics of blood flow in capillaries: II. The capillary resistance to flow. Biophysical Journal, 2:199–212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elsner, R. and Gooden, B. (1983). Diving and Asphyxia: A Comparative Study of Animals and Man. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ganong, W.F. (1965). Review of Medical Physiology. Los Altos, CA: Lange Medical Publications.Google Scholar
Dickerson, R.E. and Geis, I. (1969). The Structure and Action of Proteins. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Prothero, J.W. and Rossmann, M.G. (1964). The relative orientation of molecules of crystallized human and horse oxyhaemoglobin. Acta Crystallographica, 17:768–769.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scouloudi, H. and Prothero, J.W. (1965). The nature and configuration of the mercuri-iodide ion in the seal myoglobin derivative. Journal of Molecular Biology, 12:17–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prothero, J.W. (1968). A model of alpha-helical distribution in proteins. Biophysical Journal, 8:1236–1255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkey, C.M. (1975). Comparative Mammalian Haematology. London: William Heinemann Medical Books.Google Scholar
Promislow, D.E.L. (1991). The evolution of mammalian blood parameters: patterns and their interpretation. Physiological Zoology, 64:393–431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deavers, S., Smith, E.L. and Huggins, R.A. (1971). Changes in red cell volume, venous hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentration in growing beagles. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 137:299–303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andrew, W. and Hickman, C.P. (1974). Histology of the Vertebrates: A Comparative Text. Saint Louis, MO: C.V. Mosby.Google Scholar
Ponder, E. (1948). Hemolysis and Related Phenomena. New York: Grune & Stratton.Google Scholar
Sealander, J.A. (1964). The influence of body size, season, sex, age and other factors upon some blood parameters in small mammals. Journal of Mammalogy, 45:598–616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calder, W.A. (1984). Size, Function, and Life History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Slijper, E.J. (1962). Whalers. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Weathers, W.W. and Snyder, G.K. (1977). Hemodynamics of the lesser mouse deer, Tragulus javanicus. Journal of Applied Physiology, 42(5):679–681.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dunaway, P.B. and Lewis, L.L. (1965). Taxonomic relation of erythrocyte count, mean corpuscular volume, and body-weight in mammals. Nature, 205:481–484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lockwood, A.P.M. (1963). Animal Body Fluids and their Regulation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Osnes, J-B. and Hermansen, L. (1972). Acid–base balance after maximal exercise of short duration. Journal of Applied Physiology, 32:59–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prothero, J. (1980). Scaling of blood parameters in mammals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 67A:649–657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riggs, A. (1960). The nature and significance of the Bohr effect in mammalian hemoglobins. Journal of General Physiology, 43:737–752.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pietschmann, M. Bartels, H. and Fons, R. (1982). Capillary supply of heart and skeletal muscle of small bats and non-flying mammals. Respiratory Physiology, 50:267–282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dhindsa, D.S., Metcalfe, J., Hoversland, A.S. and Hartman, R.A. (1974). Comparative studies of the respiratory functions of mammalian blood. X. Killer Whale (Orcinus orca Linnaeus) and Beluga Whale (Delphinapterus leucas). Respiratory Physiology, 20:93–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scholander, P.F. (1940). Experimental investigations on the respiratory function in diving mammals and birds. Hvalrådets Skrifter, 22:1–131.Google Scholar
Dagher, F.J., Lyons, J.H., and Finlayson, D.C. et al. (1965). Blood volume measurement: a critical study. Advances Surgery, 1:69–109.Google ScholarPubMed
Gillett, D.J. and Halmagy, F.J. (1970). Accuracy of single-label blood volume measurement before and after corrected blood loss in sheep and dogs. Journal of Applied Physiology, 28:213–215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brody, S. (1945). Bioenergetics and Growth: With Special Reference to the Efficiency Complex in Domestic Animals. New York: Reinhold. (The given value of heart weight of 2,200 g for the elephant on p. 642 is mistaken. The correct value is 26,100 g.)Google Scholar
Stahl, W.R. (1967). Scaling of respiratory variables in mammals. Journal of Applied Physiology, 22:453–460.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, E.L. (1972). Absolute and relative residual organ blood volumes and organ hematocrits in growing beagles. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 140:285–290.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hansard, S.L. (1956). Residual organ blood volume of cattle, sheep, and swine. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 91:31–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaliss, N. and Pressman, D. (1950). Plasma and blood volumes of mouse organs, as determined with radioactive iodoproteins. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 75:16–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewis, A.E., Goodman, R.D. and Schuck, E.A. (1952). Organ blood volume measurements in normal rats. Journal of Laboratory Clinical Medicine, 39:704–710.Google ScholarPubMed
Weaver, B.M.Q., Staddon, G.E. and Pearson, M.R.B. (1989). Tissue blood content in anaesthetised sheep and horses. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 94A:401–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kassab, G.S. and Fung, y-C.B. (1994). Topology and dimensions of pig coronary capillary network. American Journal of Physiology, 267:H319–H325.Google ScholarPubMed
Kayar, S.R., Hoppeler, H., Armstrong, R.B. et al. (1992). Estimating transit time for capillary blood in selected muscles of exercising animals. Pflügers Archiv, 421:578–584.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eriksson, E. and Myrhage, R. (1972). Microvascular dimensions and blood flow in skeletal muscle. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 86:211–222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holt, J.P. and Rhode, E.A. (1976). Similarity of renal glomerular hemodynamics in mammals. American Heart Journal, 92:465–472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Honig, C.R., (1977). Capillary lengths, anastomoses, and estimated capillary transit times in skeletal muscle. American Journal of Physiology, 233:H122–H129.Google ScholarPubMed
Vimtrup, B.J. (1928). On the number, shape, structure, and surface area of the glomeruli in the kidneys of man and mammals. American Journal of Anatomy, 41:123–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gehr, P., Mwangi, DK, Ammann, A. et al. (1981). Design of the mammalian respiratory system: V. Scaling morphometric pulmonary diffusing capacity to body mass: wild and domestic mammals. Respiratory Physiology, 44:61–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weibel, E.R. (1984). The Pathway for Oxygen. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Weibel, E.R. and Gomez, D.M. (1962). Architecture of the human lung. Science, 137:577–585.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krogh, A. (1929). The Anatomy and Physiology of Capillaries. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plyley, M.J. and Groom, A.C. (1975). Geometrical distribution of capillaries in mammalian striated muscle. American Journal of Physiology, 228:1376–1383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schmidt-Nielsen, K. and Pennycuik, P. (1961). Capillary density in mammals in relation to body size and oxygen consumption. American Journal of Physiology, 200:746–750.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jürgens, K.D., Pietschmann, M., Yamaguchi, K. and Kleinschmidt, T. (1988). Oxygen binding properties, capillary densities and heart weights in high altitude camelids. Comparative Physiology, B158:469–477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, A.J. (1927). Comparative Physiology of the Heart. New York: MacMillan. (Apparently the units given for aortic cross-sectional area are square inches rather than square centimeters, as stated.)Google Scholar
Holt, J.P. and Rhode, E.A. (1981). Geometric similarity of aorta, venae cavae, and certain of their branches in mammals. American Journal of Physiology, 241:R100–R104.Google ScholarPubMed
Dreyer, G., Ray, W. and Ainley Walker, E.A. (1912). Size of the aorta in warm-blooded animals and its relationship to the body weight and to the surface area expressed in a formula. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 86:39–65.Google Scholar
Grimm, A.F., Katele, K.V., Klein, S.A. and Lin, H-L. (1973). Growth of the rat heart. Left ventricular morphology and sarcomere lengths. Growth, 37:189–208.Google Scholar
Spiro, D. and Sonnenblick, E.H. (1965). The structural basis of the contractile process in heart muscle under physiological and pathological conditions. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 7:295–335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poole, D.C. and Mathieu-Costello, O. (1990). Analysis of capillary geometry in rat subepicardium and subendocardium. American Journal of Physiology, 259:H204–H210.Google ScholarPubMed
James, T.N. and Sherf, L. (1978). Ultrastructure of the myocardium. In: Hurst, J.W., Logue, R.B., Schlant, R.C. and Wenger, N.K. (eds.) The Heart. Arteries and Veins. New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 57–70.Google Scholar
Bishop, S.P. and Drummond, J.L. (1979). Surface morphology and cell size measurement of isolated rat cardiac myocytes. Journal of Molecular Cellular Cardiology, 11:423–433.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laks, M.M. (1967). Myocardial cell and sarcomere lengths in the normal dog heart. Circulation Research, 21:671–678.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prothero, J. (1979). Heart weight as a function of body weight in mammals. Growth, 43:139–150.Google ScholarPubMed
Dawson, T.J. (1989). Responses to cold of monotremes and marsupials. Advances in Comparative Environmental Physiology, 4:255–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holt, J.P., Rhode,, E.A. and Kines, H. (1968). Ventricular volumes and body weight in mammals. American Journal of Physiology, 215:704–715.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Professor Shepard, T.H.. Personal communication.Google Scholar
Patterson, J.L., Goetz, R.H., Doyle, J.T. et al. (1965). Cardiorespiratory dynamics in the ox and giraffe, with comparative observations on man and other mammals. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 127:393–413. (The scatter in the data these authors provide is very considerable. No CL on slope are given.)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tenney, S.M. (1967). Some aspects of the comparative physiology of muscular exercise in mammals. Circulation Research, 20:I7–I14.Google Scholar
Hill, A.V. (1950). The dimensions of animals and their muscular dynamics. Science Progress, 38:209–230.Google Scholar
Bartels, H. (1980). Aspects of respiratory gas transport in mammals with high weight specific metabolic rates. Verhandlungen Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft, 188–201.Google Scholar
Meijler, F.L., Wittkampf, F.H.M., Brennen, K.R. et al. (1992). Electrocardiogram of the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), with special reference to atrioventricular transmission and ventricular excitation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 20:475–479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goetz, R.H., Warren, J.V., Gauer, O.H. et al. (1960). Circulation of the giraffe. Circulation Research, 8:1049–1058.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krishna, P., PrasannaKumar, K.M., Desai, N. and Thennarasu, K. (2006). Blood pressure reference tables for children and adolescents of Karnataka. Indian Pediatrics, 43:491–501.Google ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×