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31 - Diatoms as markers of atmospheric transport

from Part V - Other applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

By
Margaret A. Harper  and
Robert M. McKay
Edited by
John P. Smol  and
Eugene F. Stoermer
Margaret A. Harper
Affiliation:
Victoria University of Wellington
Robert M. McKay
Affiliation:
Victoria University of Wellington
John P. Smol
Affiliation:
Queen's University, Ontario
Eugene F. Stoermer
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Summary

Introduction

“The dustiest place on earth” is the Bodélé depression in Chad which contains an extensive diatomite formed by the paleolake MegaChad (Giles, 2005). It is the source of an estimated 61,000 cubic kilometres of diatoms transported by wind from the area during the past thousand years (Bristow et al., 2008). Satellite imaging of dust plumes reveals it to be the largest source of global airborne dust today (Goudie, 2008). Most natural eolian dust comes from drainage depressions in deserts (Middleton and Goudie, 2001). Many of these once held large water bodies such as MegaChad, West Africa; Owens Lake, North America; Lake Eyre, Australia; and the Aral Sea, Eurasia (Warren et al., 2007).

Scientists trap eolian material for various objectives: atmospheric scientists interested in particles and aerosols, aerobiologists in disease spores and allergens, biologists in dispersal, and forensic workers interested in airborne contaminants (diatoms: Geissler and Gerloff, 1966). Collection techniques involve either passive or active traps; the first exposes funnels or adhesive surfaces and the second pumps air through filters (Lacey and West, 2006). Diatom remains are rare in most traps, and, when present, are not always recognized.

Sometimes living diatoms are aerially dispersed. They rarely grow on exposed agar plates or culture media (Kristiansen, 1996; Broady, 1996); few airborne diatoms are intact (Elster et al., 2007); and motile diatoms normally avoid drying surfaces (Marshall and Chalmers, 1997).

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The Diatoms
Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences
 , pp. 552 - 559
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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