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30 - Toxic marine diatoms

from Part V - Other applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

By
Maria Célia Villac ,
Gregory J. Doucette  and
Irena Kaczmarska
Edited by
John P. Smol  and
Eugene F. Stoermer
Maria Célia Villac
Affiliation:
Mount Allison University
Gregory J. Doucette
Affiliation:
NOAA/National Ocean Service
Irena Kaczmarska
Affiliation:
Mount Allison University
John P. Smol
Affiliation:
Queen's University, Ontario
Eugene F. Stoermer
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Summary

Introduction

Diatoms are major contributors to total primary production as well as many important biogeochemical processes in aquatic environments (Falkowski et al., 1998; Smetacek, 1999). Nonetheless, a small number of species (<30) have been recognized as harmful to fisheries, wildlife, or people, through production of either a toxin or various exudates, or via mechanical damage due to cell morphology and/or high biomass accumulation. Fryxell & Villac (1999), and more recently Fryxell & Hasle (2003), have identified several of these harmful taxa and outlined their often devastating impacts on other organisms, ecosystems, and economies. Examples include: oily surface films associated with bird mortalities (Coscinodiscus centralis Ehrenb., Coscinodiscus concinnus W. Smith); surface accumulations on beach surf-zones affecting tourism/recreation (Asterionellopsis glacialis [Castracane] Round, Anaulus australis Drebes & D. Schulz; in Villac & Noronha, 2008); mucilage production causing a condition known as “mare sporco” (or dirty sea) (Ceratoneis closterium Ehrenb., Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima [Hasle] Hasle) as well as clogging of bivalve gills (Thalassiosira mala Takano) and fishing nets (Guinardia striata [Stolterfoth] Hasle, Coscinodiscus wailesii Gran & Angst); high biomass accumulations resulting in shading and depletion of oxygen/nutrients (C. wailesii) as well as clogging gills of benthic shellfish and bony fish (Cerataulina pelagica [Cleve] Hendey); and spines/setae inflicting physical damage to fish gills leading to major financial losses for aquaculture operations (Chaetoceros convolutus Castracane and Chaetoceros concavicornis Mangin).

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The Diatoms
Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences
 , pp. 540 - 551
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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