Aaronson, SA and Leblond, P, ‘Another Digital Divide: The Rise of Data Realms and Its Implications for the WTO’ (2018) 21 Journal of International Economic Law 245Google Scholar

Adler, R, ‘Towards a Better Understanding of Internet Economics’ (Internet Association 2018) <https://internetassociation.org/publications/towards-better-understanding-internet-economics/>>Google Scholar

Ahmed, U and Aldonas, G, ‘Addressing Barriers to Digital Trade’ (International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) 2015) <http://e15initiative.org/publications/addressing-barriers-to-digital-trade/>>Google Scholar

Alexander, K and Andenas, M (eds), The World Trade Organization and Trade in Services (Martinus Nijhoff 2008)Google Scholar

Alschner, W, Pauwelyn, J and Puig, S, ‘The Data-Driven Future of International Economic Law’ (2017) 20 Journal of International Economic Law 217Google Scholar

Antimiani, A and Cernat, L, ‘Liberalizing Global Trade in Mode 5 Services: How Much Is It Worth?’ (2018) 52 Journal of World Trade 65Google Scholar

Baldwin, R, ‘Stepping Stones or Building Blocs? Regional and Multilateral Integration’ (2004) Paper prepared for G-20 workshop on ‘Regional Economic Integration in a Global Framework’Google Scholar

Barfield, C, ‘When Trade and Tech Collide. Digital Policy Challenges and Solutions for 2016 and Beyond’ (American Enterprise Institute 2015) AEI Technology Policy Working Paper, 12–13 <www.aei.org/research-products/report/when-trade-and-tech-collide/>>Google Scholar

Bauer, M and others, ‘The Costs of Data Localisation: Friendly Fire on Economic Recovery’ (ECIPE 2014) ECIPE Occasional Paper 3/2014 <https://ecipe.org/publications/dataloc/>>Google Scholar

Benz, S, Khanna, A and Nordas, HK, ‘Services and Performance of the Indian Economy: Analysis and Policy Options’ (OECD Publishing 2017) OECD Trade Policy Papers 196Google Scholar

Berry, R and Reisman, M, ‘Policy Challenges of Cross-Border Cloud Computing’ (2012) Journal of International Commerce and Economics 1Google Scholar

Bhagwati, J, ‘US Trade Policy: The Infatuation with FTAs’ in Bhagwati, Jagdish and Krueger, Anna O (eds), The Dangerous Drift to Preferential Trade Agreements (AEI Press 1995) <https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8CN7BFM>Google Scholar

Botta, A, Digiacomo, N and Mole, K, ‘Monetizing Data: A New Source of Value in Payments’ (McKinsey 2017) <www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/monetizing-data-a-new-source-of-value-in-payments>>Google Scholar

Bukht, R and Heeks, R, ‘Defining, Conceptualising and Measuring the Digital Economy’ (Centre for Development Informatics, Global Development Institute, SEED, University of Manchester 2017) 68 <www.gdi.manchester.ac.uk/research/publications/di/di-wp68/>>Google Scholar

Burri, M, ‘The Global Digital Divide as Impeded Access to Content’ in Burri, Mira and Cottier, Thomas (eds), Trade Governance in the Digital Age (Cambridge University Press 2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Burri, M ‘The International Economic Law Framework for Digital Trade’ (2015) 135 Zeitschrift für Schweizerisches Recht 10Google Scholar

Burri, M ‘Designing Future-Oriented Multilateral Rules for Digital Trade’ in Sauvé, Pierre and Roy, Martin (eds), Research Handbook on Trade in Services (Edward Elgar Publishing 2016)Google Scholar

Burri, M ‘The Governance of Data and Data Flows in Trade Agreements: The Pitfalls of Legal Adaptation’ (2017) 51 UC Davis Law Review 65Google Scholar

Burri, M and Polanco, Lazo R, ‘E-Commerce and Data Flows Provisions in Preferential Trade Agreements: Introducing a New Dataset’ (2020) 23 Journal of International Economic Law 187CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Burri, M and Schär, R, ‘The Reform of the EU Data Protection Framework: Outlining Key Changes and Assessing Their Fitness for a Data-Driven Economy’ (2016) 6 Journal of Information Policy 479CrossRefGoogle Scholar

BusinessEurope, ‘The Proposal for a Free Flow of Data Regulation’ (BusinessEurope 2017) position paper <www.businesseurope.eu/publications/proposal-free-flow-data-regulation-businesseurope-position-paper>>Google Scholar

Cantore, CM, ‘“Parallel Convergences” in Free Trade Agreements on Financial Services: Select Issues’ in Hoffmann, Rhea T. and Krajewski, Markus (eds), Coherence and Divergence in Services Trade Law (Springer 2020)Google Scholar

Castro, D and McQuinn, A, ‘Cross-Border Data Flows Enable Growth in All Industries’ (Information Technology and Innovation Foundation 2015) <www2.itif.org/2015-cross-border-data-flows.pdf>>Google Scholar

Cecil, AL, ‘Taking Back the Internet: Imposing Civil Liability on Interactive Computer Services in an Attempt to Provide an Adequate Remedy to Victims of Nonconsensual Pornography’ (2014) 71 Washington and Lee Law Review 2513Google Scholar

Cernat, L and Kutlina-Dimitrova, Z, ‘Thinking in a Box: A “Mode 5” Approach to Services Trade’ (2014) 48 Journal of World Trade 1109Google Scholar

Chander, A, ‘The Internet of Things: Both Goods and Services’ (2019) 18 World Trade Review 9CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Choi, C, ‘The Effect of the Internet on Service Trade’ (2010) 109 Economics Letters 102Google Scholar

Chung, C-M, ‘Data Localization: The Causes, Evolving International Regimes and Korean Practices’ (2018) 52 Journal of World Trade 187Google Scholar

Clarke, GRG and Wallsten, S, ‘Has the Internet Increased Trade? Developed and Developing Country Evidence’ (2006) 44 Economic Inquiry 465Google Scholar

Cook, G, ‘The Illusion of “Evolutionary Interpretation” in WTO Dispute Settlement’ in Abi-Saab, Georges and others (eds), Evolutionary Interpretation and International Law (Hart Publishing 2019)Google Scholar

Crosby, D, ‘Analysis of Data Localization Measures Under WTO Services Trade Rules and Commitments’ (International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) 2016) <https://e15initiative.org/publications/analysis-of-data-localization-measures-under-wto-services-trade-rules-and-commitments/>>Google Scholar

Czernich, N and others, ‘Broadband Infrastructure and Economic Growth’ (2011) 121 The Economic Journal 505Google Scholar

De Meester, B, Liberalization of Trade in Banking Services: An International and European Perspective (Cambridge University Press 2014)CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Delimatsis, P, ‘Don’t Gamble with GATS – The Interaction between Articles VI, XVI, XVII and XVIII GATS in the Light of the US – Gambling Case’ (2006) 40 Journal of World Trade 1059Google Scholar

Delimatsis, P ‘Due Process and “Good” Regulation Embedded in the GATS – Disciplining Regulatory Behaviour in Services Through Article VI of the GATS’ (2007) 10 Journal of International Economic Law 13Google Scholar

Delimatsis, P ‘Trade in Services and Regulatory Flexibility: 20 Years of GATS, 20 Years of Critique’ in Bungenberg, Marc and others (eds), European Yearbook of International Economic Law 2016 (7th edn, Springer 2016)Google Scholar

Delimatsis, P and Hoekman, B, ‘National Tax Regulation, Voluntary International Standards, and the GATS: Argentina – Financial Services’ (2018) 17 World Trade Review 265Google Scholar

Delimatsis, P and Molinuevo, M, ‘Article XVI GATS’ in Wolfrum, Rüdiger, Stoll, Peter-Tobias and Feinäugle, Clemens (eds), WTO – Trade in Services, vol 6 (Brill 2008)Google Scholar

Diebold, NF, Non-Discrimination in International Trade in Services – ‘Likeness’ in WTO/GATS (Cambridge University Press 2010)Google Scholar

Drake-Brockman, J and Stephenson, S, ‘Implications for 21st Century Trade and Development of the Emergence of Services Value Chains’ (International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) 2012) <https://ictsd.iisd.org/themes/services/research/implications-for-21st-century-trade-and-development-of-the-emergence-of>>Google Scholar

Dreyer, I and Hindley, B, ‘Trade in Information Technology Goods: Adapting the ITA to 21st Century Technological Change’ (ECIPE 2008) ECIPE Working Paper 06/2008 <https://ecipe.org/publications/trade-in-information-technology-goods-adapting-the-itata-to-21st-century-technological-change/>>Google Scholar

Erixon, F, Hindley, B and Lee-Makiyama, H, ‘Protectionism Online: Internet Censorship and International Trade Law’ (ECIPE 2009) ECIPE Working Paper 12/2009 <https://ecipe.org/publications/protectionism-online-internet-censorship-and-international-trade-law/>>Google Scholar

Ezell, SJ and Atkinson, RD, ‘The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (and the Self-Destructive) of Innovation Policy: A Policymaker’s Guide to Crafting Effective Innovation Policy’ (Information Technology and Innovation Foundation 2010) <https://itif.org/publications/2010/10/07/good-bad-and-ugly-innovation-policy>>Google Scholar

Farrokhnia, F and Richards, C, ‘E-Commerce Products Under the World Trade Organization Agreements: Goods, Services, Both or Neither?’ (2016) 50 Journal of World Trade 793Google Scholar

Ferracane, M, ‘Restrictions on Cross-Border Data Flows: A Taxonomy’ (ECIPE 2017) ECIPE Working Paper 1/2017, 2 <https://ecipe.org/publications/restrictions-to-cross-border-data-flows-a-taxonomy/>>Google Scholar

Ferracane, MF and Lee-Makiyama, H, ‘China’s Technology Protectionism and Its Non-Negotiable Rationales’ (ECIPE 2017) <http://ecipe.org/publications/chinas-technology-protectionism/>>Google Scholar

Freund, C and Weinhold, D, ‘The Internet and International Trade in Services’ (2002) 92 American Economic Review 236Google Scholar

Freund, C and Weinhold, D ‘The Effect of the Internet on International Trade’ (2004) 62 Journal of International Economics 171Google Scholar

Gao, H, ‘Annex on Negotiations on Basic Telecommunications’ in Wolfrum, Rüdiger, Stoll, Peter-Tobias and Feinäugle, Clemens (eds), WTO – Trade in Services, vol 6 (Martinus Nijhoff 2008)Google Scholar

Gao, H ‘Annex on Telecommunications’ in Wolfrum, Rüdiger, Stoll, Peter-Tobias and Feinäugle, Clemens (eds), WTO – Trade in Services, vol 6 (Martinus Nijhoff 2008)Google Scholar

Gao, H ‘Fourth Protocol to That General Agreement on Trade in Services’ in Wolfrum, Rüdiger, Stoll, Peter-Tobias and Feinäugle, Clemens (eds), WTO – Trade in Services, vol 6 (Martinus Nijhoff 2008)Google Scholar

Gao, H ‘Google’s China Problem: A Case Study on Trade, Technology and Human Rights under the GATS’ (2011) 6 Asian Journal of WTO & International Health Law and Policy 347Google Scholar

Gao, H ‘Googling for the Trade-Human Rights Nexus in China: Can the WTO Help?’ in Burri, Mira and Cottier, Thomas (eds), Trade Governance in the Digital Age (Cambridge University Press 2012)Google Scholar

Gasser, U and Palfrey, J, ‘Fostering Innovation and Trade in the Global Information Society: The Different Facets and Roles of Interoperability’ in Burri, Mira and Cottier, Thomas (eds), Trade Governance in the Digital Age (Cambridge University Press 2012)Google Scholar

Hahn, RW and Wallsten, S, ‘The Economics of Net Neutrality’ (American Enterprise Institute and Brooking Institution 2006) RP06–13 <www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/regulation/2012/6/v34n4-4.pdf>>Google Scholar

Herman, L, ‘Multilateralising Regionalism: The Case of E-Commerce’ (OECD Publishing 2010) 99 <www.oecd-ilibrary.org/trade/multilateralising-regionalism_5kmbjx6gw69x-en>>Google Scholar

Hoekman, B, ‘Tentative First Steps: An Assessment of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Services’ (World Bank 1995) WPS1455Google Scholar

Hoekman, B and Mavroidis, PC, ‘A Technical Barriers to Trade Agreements for Services?’ (European University Institute – Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies 2015) RSCAS 2015/25 <https://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/35419>CrossRef>Google Scholar

Huang, J, ‘Comparison of E-Commerce Regulations in Chinese and American FTAs: Converging Approaches, Diverging Contents, and Polycentric Directions?’ (2017) 64 Netherlands International Law Review 309Google Scholar

ICTSD, ‘Updating the Multilateral Rule Book on E-Commerce’ (ICTSD 2018) Policy brief <https://ictsd.iisd.org/themes/services-and-digital-economy/research/updating-the-multilateral-rule-book-on-e-commerce>>Google Scholar

International Monetary Fund, ‘Measuring The Digital Economy’ (International Monetary Fund 2018) <www.imf.org/en/Publications/Policy-Papers/Issues/2018/04/03/022818-measuring-the-digital-economy>>Google Scholar

Irion, K, Yakovleva, S and Bartl, M, ‘Trade and Privacy: Complicated Bedfellows? How to Achieve Data Protection-Proof Free Trade Agreements’ (Institute for Information Law, University of Amsterdam 2016) <www.ivir.nl/projects/trade-and-privacy-complicated-bedfellows-how-to-achieve-data-protection-proof-free-trade-agreements/>>Google Scholar

Kariyawasam, R, International Economic Law and the Digital Divide: A New Silk Road? (Edward Elgar Publishing 2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kariyawasam, R ‘Better Regulation of Digital Markets: A New Look at the Reference Paper’ in Burri, Mira and Cottier, Thomas (eds), Trade Governance in the Digital Age (Cambridge University Press 2012)Google Scholar

Kelsey, J, ‘How a TPP-Style E-Commerce Outcome in the WTO Would Endanger the Development Dimension of the GATS Acquis (and Potentially the WTO)’ (2018) 21 Journal of International Economic Law 273Google Scholar

Kim, EY, ‘E-Commerce in South Korean FTAs: Policy Priorities and Provisional Inconsistencies’ (2019) 18 World Trade Review 85Google Scholar

Kox, H and Lejour, A, ‘Regulatory Heterogeneity as Obstacle for International Services Trade’ (CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis2005)Google Scholar

Krajewski, M, National Regulation and Trade Liberalization in Services: The Legal Impact of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) on National Regulatory Autonomy (Kluwer Law International 2003)Google Scholar

Krajewski, M National Regulation and Trade Liberalization in Services: The Legal Impact of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) on National Regulatory Autonomy (Kluwer Law International 2003)Google Scholar

Krajewski, M ‘Article VI GATS’ in Wolfrum, Rüdiger, Stoll, Peter-Tobias and Feinäugle, Clemens (eds), WTO – Trade in Services, vol 6 (Martinus Nijhoff 2008)Google Scholar

Lapid, K, ‘Outsourcing and Offshoring Under the General Agreement on Trade in Services’ (2006) 40 Journal of World Trade 341Google Scholar

Larouche, P, ‘Network Neutrality: The Global Dimension’ in Burri, Mira and Cottier, Thomas (eds), Trade Governance in the Digital Age (Cambridge University Press 2012)Google Scholar

Leal-Arcas, R, ‘The GATS in the Doha Round: A European Perspective’ in Alexander, Kern and Andenas, Mads (eds), The World Trade Organization and Trade in Services (Martinus Nijhoff 2008)Google Scholar

Lee-Makiyama, H, ‘Future-Proofing World Trade in Technology: Turning the WTO IT Agreement (ITA) into the International Digital Economy Agreement (IDEA)’ (Ecipe 2011) ECIPE Working Paper 04/2011 <https://ecipe.org/publications/future-proofing-world-trade-in-technology-turning-the-wto-it-agreement-ita-into-the-international-digital-economy-agreement-idea/>>Google Scholar

Lee-Makiyama, H ‘Cross-Border Data Flows in the Post Bali Agenda’ in Evenett, Simon and Jara, Alejandro (eds), Building on Bali: A Work Programme for the WTO (CEPR 2013)Google Scholar

Lester, S and Barbee, I, ‘The Challenge of Cooperation: Regulatory Trade Barriers in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership’ (2013) 16 Journal of International Economic Law 847Google Scholar

Liu, C, ‘Internet Censorship as a Trade Barrier: A Look at the WTO Consistency of the Great Firewall in the Wake of the China-Google Dispute’ (2011) 42 Georgetown Journal of International Law 1199Google Scholar

Lopez-Gonzalez, J and Ferencz, J, ‘Digital Trade and Market Openness’ (OECD 2018) Working Party of the Trade Committee TAD/TC/WP(2018)3/FINALGoogle Scholar

Luff, D, ‘Telecommunications and Audio-Visual Services: Considerations for a Convergence Policy at the World Trade Organization Level’ (2004) 38 Journal of World Trade 1059CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Luff, D ‘Convergence: A Buzzword to Remain?’ in Burri, Mira and Cottier, Thomas (eds), Trade Governance in the Digital Age (Cambridge University Press 2012)Google Scholar

Lund, S and Manyika, J, ‘How Digital Trade Is Transforming Globalisation’ (International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) 2016) <https://e15initiative.org/publications/how-digital-trade-is-transforming-globalisation/>>Google Scholar

Manyika, J and others, ‘Digital Globalization: The New Era of Global Flows’ (McKinsey Global Institute 2016) <www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/digital-globalization-the-new-era-of-global-flows>>Google Scholar

Marchetti, J, ‘Addressing E-Payment Challenges in Global E-Commerce’ (World Economic Forum 2018) White Paper <www.weforum.org/whitepapers/addressing-e-payment-challenges-in-global-e-commerce>>Google Scholar

Mattoo, A and Meltzer, JP, ‘International Data Flows and Privacy: The Conflict and Its Resolution’ (World Bank 2018) Policy Research Working Paper 8431 <https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/751621525705087132/international-data-flows-and-privacy-the-conflict-and-its-resolution>>Google Scholar

Mattoo, A and Meltzer, JP ‘International Data Flows and Privacy: The Conflict and Its Resolution’ (2018) 21 Journal of International Economic Law 769Google Scholar

Mattoo, A and Schuknecht, L, ‘Trade Policies for Electronic Commerce’ (World Bank 2000) 2380 <https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-2380>>Google Scholar

Mattoo, A and Wunsch, S, ‘Pre-Empting Protectionism in Services: The WTO and Outsourcing’ (World Bank 2004) WPS3237 <https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/14438>>Google Scholar

Mavroidis, PC, ‘And You Put the Load Right on Me: Digital Taxes, Tax Discrimination and Trade in Services’ (2020) 12 Trade, Law and Development 75Google Scholar

Meijers, H, ‘Does the Internet Generate Economic Growth, International Trade, or Both?’ (2014) 11 International Economics and Economy Policy 137CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Meltzer, JP, ‘Supporting the Internet as a Platform for International Trade Opportunities for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and Developing Countries’ (Brookings 2014) 69 <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2400578>CrossRef>Google Scholar

Meltzer, JP ‘A New Digital Trade Agenda’ (International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) 2015) <https://e15initiative.org/publications/a-new-digital-trade-agenda/>>Google Scholar

Meltzer, JP ‘Maximizing the Opportunities of the Internet for International Trade’ (International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) 2016) <https://e15initiative.org/publications/maximizing-opportunities-internet-international-trade/>>Google Scholar

Meltzer, JP ‘The Internet and International Data Flows in the Global Economy’ (International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) 2016) <http://e15initiative.org/blogs/the-internet-and-international-data-flows-in-the-global-economy/>>Google Scholar

Meltzer, JP ‘Governing Digital Trade’ (2019) 18 World Trade Review 23Google Scholar

Miroudot, S, ‘The Value of Market Access and National Treatment Commitments in Services Trade Agreements’ (OECD 2018) Working Party of the Trade Committee TAD/TC/WP(2016)22/FINAL <www.oecd-ilibrary.org/trade/the-value-of-market-access-and-national-treatment-commitments-in-services-trade-agreements_d8bfc8d8-en>>Google Scholar

Mishra, N, ‘Privacy, Cybersecurity, and GATS Article XIV: A New Frontier for Trade and Internet Regulation?’ (2019) 19 World Trade Review 341Google Scholar

Mitchell, AD and Hepburn, J, ‘Don’t Fence Me In: Reforming Trade and Investment Law to Better Facilitate Cross-Border Data Transfer’ (2018) 19 Yale Journal of Law and Technology 182Google Scholar

Mitchell, AD and Mishra, N, ‘Data at the Docks: Modernizing International Trade Law for the Digital Economy’ (2018) 20 Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law 1073Google Scholar

Mitchell, AD, Voon, T and Hepburn, J, ‘Taxing Tech: Risks of an Australian Digital Services Tax Under International Economic Law’ (2019) 20 Melbourne Journal of International Law 88Google Scholar

Monteiro, J-A and Teh, R, ‘Provisions on Electronic Commerce in Regional Trade Agreements’ (World Trade Organization, Economic Research and Statistics Division 2017) ERSD–2017–11 <www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/ersd201711_e.htm>>Google Scholar

Mueller, M, ‘Convergence: A Reality Check’ in Geradin, Damien and Luff, David (eds), The WTO and Global Convergence in Telecommunications and Audio-Visual Services (Cambridge University Press 2004)Google Scholar

Muller, G, ‘Troubled Relationships under the GATS: Tensions between Market Access (Article XVI), National Treatment (Article XVII), and Domestic Regulation (Article VI)’ (2017) 16 World Trade Review 449CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Munin, N, Legal Guide to GATS (Kluwer Law International 2010)Google Scholar

Natens, B, Regulatory Autonomy and International Trade in Services: The EU under GATS and RTAs (Edward Elgar Publishing 2016)Google Scholar

National Board of Trade, ‘E-Commerce – New Opportunities, New Barriers: A Survey of e-Commerce Barriers in Countries Outside the EU’ (National Board of Trade 2012) 2012–4Google Scholar

National Board of Trade ‘No Transfer, No Production – a Report on Cross-Border Data Transfers, Global Value Chains, and the Production of Goods’ (National Board of Trade 2015) 2015–4Google Scholar

National Board of Trade ‘Data Flows. A Fifth Freedom for the Internal Market?’ (National Board of Trade 2016) 2016–8Google Scholar

National Board of Trade ‘The Servicification of EU Manufacturing – Building Competitiveness in the Internal Market’ (National Board of Trade 2016) 2016–4Google Scholar

Neeraj, RS, ‘Trade Rules for the Digital Economy: Charting New Waters at the WTO’ (2019) 18 World Trade Review 121Google Scholar

Nihoul, P, ‘Audio-Visual and Telecommunications Services: A Review of Definitions under WTO Law’ in Geradin, Damien and Luff, David (eds), The WTO and Global Convergence in Telecommunications and Audio-Visual Services (Cambridge University Press 2004)Google Scholar

Noam, E, ‘Overcoming the Three Digital Divides’ in Geradin, Damien and Luff, David (eds), The WTO and Global Convergence in Telecommunications and Audio-Visual Services (Cambridge University Press 2004)Google Scholar

Nordas, HK, ‘Domestic Regulation: What Are the Costs and Benefits for International Trade in Services?’ in Lim, Aik Hoe and De Meester, Bart (eds), WTO Domestic Regulation and Services Trade: Putting Principles into Practice (Cambridge University Press 2014)Google Scholar

Nordas, HK ‘Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI): The Trade Effect of Regulatory Differences’ (OECD Publishing 2016) 189 <www.oecd-ilibrary.org/trade/services-trade-restrictiveness-index_5jlz9z022plp-en>>Google Scholar

Nuzzo, S, ‘Tackling Diversity Inside WTO: GATT Moral Clause after Colombia – Textiles’ (2017) 10 European Journal of Legal Studies 267Google Scholar

OECD, ‘OECD Communications Outlook 192013’ (OECD Publishing 2013)Google Scholar

OECD ‘The OECD Privacy Framework ’ (OECD 2013)Google Scholar

OECD Measuring the Digital Economy: A New Perspective (OECD Publishing 2014)Google Scholar

OECD, UNCTAD and WTO, ‘Discussion Paper on E-Commerce for the G20’ (2016) 2016/TMM /12Google Scholar

OECD and WTO, ‘Aid for Trade at a Glance 2017. Promoting Trade, Inclusiveness and Connectivity for Sustainable Development’ (WTO/OECD Publishing 2017)Google Scholar

OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs, ‘The Digital Economy’ (OECD 2012) Hearings Competition Committee DAF/COMP(2012)22 <www.oecd.org/daf/competition/The-Digital-Economy-2012.pdf>>Google Scholar

Pauwelyn, J, ‘Squaring Free Trade in Culture with Chinese Censorship: The WTO Appellate Body Report on China – Audiovisuals’ (2010) 11 Melbourne Journal of International Law 1Google Scholar

Pélissié du, Rausas M and others, ‘Internet Matters: The Net’s Sweeping Impact on Growth, Jobs and Prosperity’ (McKinsey Global Institute 2011) <www.mckinsey.com/industries/high-tech/our-insights/internet-matters>>Google Scholar

Peng, S, ‘Trade in Telecommunications Services: Doha and Beyond’ (2007) 41 Journal of World Trade 293Google Scholar

Peng, S ‘Renegotiating the WTO Schedules of Commitments: Technological Development and Treaty Interpretation’ (2012) 45 Cornell International Law Journal 403Google Scholar

Peng, S ‘Cybersecurity Threats and the WTO National Security Exceptions’ (2015) 18 Journal of International Economic Law 449Google Scholar

Peng, S ‘GATS and the Over-the-Top Services: A Legal Outlook’ (2016) 50 Journal of World Trade 21Google Scholar

Peng, S and Liu, H, ‘The Legality of Data Residency Requirements: How Can the Trans-Pacific Partnership Help?’ (2017) 51 Journal of World Trade 18Google Scholar

Perset, K, ‘The Economic and Social Role of Internet Intermediaries’ (OECD 2010) OECD Digital Economy Papers No. 171 <www.oecd.org/sti/ieconomy/44949023.pdf>>Google Scholar

Porges, A and Enders, A, ‘Data Moving Across Borders: The Future of Digital Trade Policy’ (International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) 2016) <https://e15initiative.org/publications/data-moving-across-borders-the-future-of-digital-trade-policy/>>Google Scholar

Primo Braga, CA, ‘E-Commerce Regulation: New Game, New Rules?’ (2005) 45 The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 541Google Scholar

Qiang, CZ-W, Rossotto, CM and Kimura, K, ‘Economic Impacts of Broadband’, 2009 Information and Communications for Development: Extending Reach and Increasing Impact (World Bank 2009) <https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/2636>Google Scholar

Riker, D, ‘Internet Use and Openness to Trade’ (US International Trade Commission 2014) Office of Economics Working Paper 2014–12 cGoogle Scholar

Santana, R and Jackson, LA, ‘Identifying Non-Tariff Barriers: Evolution of Multilateral Instruments and Evidence from the Disputes (1948–2011)’ (2012) 11 World Trade Review 462Google Scholar

Sauve, P and Roy, M (eds), Research Handbook on Trade in Services (Edward Elgar Publishing 2016)Google Scholar

Schloemann, HL and Ohlhoff, S, ‘“Constitutionalization” and Dispute Settlement in the WTO: National Security as an Issue of Competence’ (1999) 93 American Journal of International Law 424CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sen, N, ‘Understanding the Role of the WTO in International Data Flows: Taking the Liberalization or the Regulatory Autonomy Path?’ (2018) 21 Journal of International Economic Law 323CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Suominen, K, ‘Fuelling Trade in the Digital Era: Policy Roadmaps for Developing Countries’ (International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) 2017) Issue Paper <www.ictsd.org/sites/default/files/research/suominen_fuelling_trade_in_the_digital_era_0.pdf>>Google Scholar

Trachtman, JP, ‘Mutual Recognition of Services Regulation at the WTO’ in Lim, Aik Hoe and De Meester, Bart (eds), WTO Domestic Regulation and Services Trade: Putting Principles into Practice (Cambridge University Press 2014)Google Scholar

Tuthill, L, ‘Cross-Border Data Flows: What Role for Trade Rules?’ in Sauve, Pierre and Roy, Martin (eds), Research Handbook on Trade in Services (Edward Elgar Publishing 2016)Google Scholar

Tuthill, L and Roy, M, ‘GATS Classification Issues for Information and Communication Technology Services’ in Burri, Mira and Cottier, Thomas (eds), Trade Governance in the Digital Age (Cambridge University Press 2012)Google Scholar

Tuthill, L and Sherman, L, ‘Telecommunications: Can Trade Agreements Keep up with Technology?’ in Marchetti, Juan and Roy, Martin (eds), Opening Markets for Trade in Services: Countries and Sectors in Bilateral and WTO Negotiations (Cambridge University Press 2009)Google Scholar

UNCTAD, ‘2009 Information Economy Report. Trends and Outlook in Turbulent Times’ (United Nations Publications 2009) UNCTAD/IER/2009Google Scholar

UNCTAD ‘2015 Information Economy Report’ (United Nations Publications 2015) UNCTAD/IER/2015Google Scholar

UNCTAD ‘Data Protection Regulations and International Data Flows: Implications for Trade and Development’ (United Nations Publications 2016) UNCTAD/WEB/DTL/STICT/2016/1/iPubGoogle Scholar

UNCTAD ‘2017 Information Economy Report. Digitalization, Trade and Development’ (United Nations Publications 2017) UNCTAD/IER/2017/Corr.1Google Scholar

UNCTAD ‘Fostering Developments Gains from E-Commerce and Digital Platforms’ (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 2018) TD/B/EDE/2/2Google Scholar

UNCTAD ‘The Value and Role of Data in Electronic Commerce and the Digital Economy and Its Implications for Inclusive Trade and Development’ (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 2019) Note by the UNCTAD Secretariat TD/B/EDE/3/2Google Scholar

United States Trade Representative, ‘Key Barriers to Digital Trade’ (USTR 2017) Fact Sheets <https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/fact-sheets/2017/march/key-barriers-digital-trade>>Google Scholar

USITC, ‘Digital Trade in the U.S. and Global Economies, Part 1’ (US International Trade Commission 2013) USITC Publication 4415Google Scholar

USITC ‘Digital Trade in the U.S. and Global Economies, Part 2’ (US International Trade Commission 2014) USITC Publication 4485Google Scholar

Van Damme, I, ‘The Interpretation of Schedules of Commitments’ (2007) 41 Journal of World Trade 1Google Scholar

Van den Bossche, P and Zdouc, W, The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization. Text, Cases and Materials (4th edn, Cambridge University Press 2017)Google Scholar

Vemuri, VK and Siddiqi, S, ‘Impact of Commercialization of the Internet on International Trade: A Panel Study Using the Extended Gravity Model’ (2009) 23 The International Trade Journal 458Google Scholar

Walden, I and Angel, J (eds), Telecommunications Law and Regulation (second, Oxford University Press 2005)Google Scholar

Weber, R, ‘Regulatory Autonomy and Privacy Standards Under the GATS’ (2012) 7 Asian Journal of WTO & International Health Law and Policy 25Google Scholar

Weber, R and Burri, M, Classification of Services in the Digital Economy (Springer 2013)Google Scholar

Weber, RH, ‘The Expansion of E-Commerce in Asia-Pacific Trade Agreements’ (International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) 2015) <http://e15initiative.org/blogs/the-expansion-of-e-commerce-in-asia-pacific-trade-agreements/>>Google Scholar

Willemyns, I, ‘Disciplines on State-Owned Enterprises in International Economic Law: Are We Moving in the Right Direction?’ (2016) 19 Journal of International Economic Law 657Google Scholar

Willemyns, I ‘Addressing Digital Services in PTAs: Only Convergence in the 11th Hour?’ in Hoffmann, Rhea Tamara and Krajewski, Markus (eds), Coherence and Divergence in Services Trade Law (Springer 2020)Google Scholar

Wolfe, R, ‘Learning about Digital Trade: Privacy and E-Commerce in CETA and TPP’ (2019) 18 World Trade Review 63Google Scholar

Wolfrum, R, Stoll, P- T and Feinäugle, C (eds), WTO – Trade in Services, vol 6 (Martinus Nijhoff 2008)Google Scholar

Wouters, J and Coppens, D, ‘GATS and Domestic Regulation: Balancing the Right to Regulate and Trade Liberalization’ in Alexander, Kern and Andenas, Mads (eds), The World Trade Organization and Trade in Services (Martinus Nijhoff 2008)Google Scholar

Wu, M, ‘Digital Trade-Related Provisions in Regional Trade Agreements: Existing Models and Lessons for the Multilateral Trade System’ (ICTSD and IDB 2017) <http://e15initiative.org/publications/digital-trade-related-provisions-in-regional-trade-agreements-existing-models-and-lessons-for-the-multilateral-trade-system/>>Google Scholar

Wu, T, ‘The World Trade Law of Censorship and Internet Filtering’ (2006) 7 Chicago Journal of International Law 263Google Scholar

Wunsch-Vincent, S, ‘WTO, E-Commerce, and Information Technologies – From the Uruguay Round through the Doha Development Agenda’ (Markle Foundation 2004)Google Scholar

Wunsch-Vincent, S ‘Trade Rules for the Digital Age’ in Panizzon, Marion, Pohl, Nicole and Sauvé, Pierre (eds), GATS and the Regulation of International Trade in Services (Cambridge University Press 2008)Google Scholar

Wunsch-Vincent, S and Hold, A, ‘Towards Coherent Rules for Digital Trade: Building on Efforts in Multilateral versus Preferential Trade Negotiations’ in Burri, Mira and Cottier, Thomas (eds), Trade Governance in the Digital Age (Cambridge University Press 2012)Google Scholar

Yoo, JY and Ahn, D, ‘Security Exceptions in the WTO System: Bridge or Bottle-Neck for Trade and Security’ (2016) 19 Journal of International Economic Law 417Google Scholar

Zacharias, D, ‘Article I General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS): Scope and Definition’ in Wolfrum, Rüdiger, Stoll, Peter-Tobias and Feinäugle, Clemens (eds), Max Planck Commentaries on World Trade Law, Vol. 6: WTO – Trade in Services (Martinus Nijhoff 2008)Google Scholar

Zhang, R, ‘Covered or Not Covered: That Is the Question – Services Classification and Its Implications for Specific Commitments under the GATS’ (World Trade Organization 2015) WTO Staff Working Paper ERSD–2015–11 <www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/ersd201511_e.htm>>Google Scholar