Functional neuro-imaging and models of normal brain function

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511550072.008

7 - Functional neuro-imaging and models of normal brain function

from Part VI - Imaging the normal and abnormal mind

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 January 2010

R J Dolan

Edited by

Maria A. Ron and

Trevor W. Robbins

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R J Dolan: Affiliation:
Institute of Neurology, London, UK
Maria A. Ron: Affiliation:
Institute of Neurology, London
Trevor W. Robbins: Affiliation:
University of Cambridge

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Summary

Introduction

Functional neuro-imaging techniques provide an unparalleled window on the living human brain. Using neuro-imaging techniques it has, for the first time, become possible to address fundamental questions regarding the neurobiological underpinnings of core human psychological functions, such as memory, attention and emotion. The present chapter will illustrate basic principles of normal brain function by considering how the brain processes a particular class of object, namely the human face. This example will be used to illustrate two distinct, though complementary, modes of brain function involving functional specialization and functional integration respectively. Evidence for functional specialization, a fundamental principle of brain organization, will be illustrated by consideration of neuro-imaging studies which show that a circumscribed region of inferior temporal cortex, the fusiform cortex, is selectively responsive to presentation of faces relative to other classes of objects. By contrast, functional integration, the idea that during complex psychological functions there is coordination of activity among functionally specialized brain regions, will be illustrated by considering the influence of selective attention and emotional content on patterns of activation in functionally specialized regions that mediate face processing.

Functional specialization

Humans are remarkably adept at recognizing individuals by their faces, an ability that may rely on specialized neural circuits (Bruce and Young 1986). Findings from ‘prosopagnosic’ brain-damaged patients with deficient face processing (Damasio et al. 1982), as well as physiological data from nonhuman primates (Rolls 1992), have now been supplemented by functional imaging results.

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Type: Chapter
Information: Disorders of Brain and Mind , pp. 151 - 170

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511550072.008 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2003

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