Book contents
- The EBCOG Postgraduate Textbook of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
- The EBCOG Postgraduate Textbook of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Videos
- Contributors
- Preface
- Section 1 Basic Sciences in Gynaecology
- Section 2 Menstrual Disorders
- Chapter 6 Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology
- Chapter 7 Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
- Chapter 8 Management of Uterine Fibroids
- Chapter 9 Early-Onset Endometriosis
- Chapter 10 Chronic Pelvic Pain
- Section 3 Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
- Section 4 Contraception and STIs
- Section 5 Post-Reproductive Care
- Section 6 Vulva and Vagina
- Section 7 Cervix
- Section 8 Uterus
- Section 9 Ovary and Fallopian Tubes
- Section 10 Operative Gynaecology
- Section 11 Public Health Issues in Gynaecology
- Section 12 Miscellaneous
- Index
- Plate Section (PDF Only)
- References
Chapter 7 - Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
from Section 2 - Menstrual Disorders
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 November 2021
Book contents
- The EBCOG Postgraduate Textbook of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
- The EBCOG Postgraduate Textbook of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Videos
- Contributors
- Preface
- Section 1 Basic Sciences in Gynaecology
- Section 2 Menstrual Disorders
- Chapter 6 Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology
- Chapter 7 Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
- Chapter 8 Management of Uterine Fibroids
- Chapter 9 Early-Onset Endometriosis
- Chapter 10 Chronic Pelvic Pain
- Section 3 Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
- Section 4 Contraception and STIs
- Section 5 Post-Reproductive Care
- Section 6 Vulva and Vagina
- Section 7 Cervix
- Section 8 Uterus
- Section 9 Ovary and Fallopian Tubes
- Section 10 Operative Gynaecology
- Section 11 Public Health Issues in Gynaecology
- Section 12 Miscellaneous
- Index
- Plate Section (PDF Only)
- References
Summary
Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common condition that affects 20–30% of women during their reproductive lifetime and has a major impact on women’s quality of life. It is usually defined as, ‘excessive menstrual blood loss which interferes with a woman’s physical, emotional, social wellbeing and/or material quality of life’, which can occur alone or in combination with other symptoms [1].
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The EBCOG Postgraduate Textbook of Obstetrics & GynaecologyGynaecology, pp. 55 - 64Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2021
References
Munro, MG, Critchley, HOD, Fraser, IS. The two FIGO systems for normal and abnormal uterine bleeding symptoms and classification of causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years: 2018 revisions. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2018;143:393–408.Google Scholar
Fraser, IS, Mansour, D, Breymann, C, et al. Prevalence of heavy menstrual bleeding and experiences of affected women in a European patient survey. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2015;128:196–200.Google Scholar
Chodankar, R, Harpur, A, Mahmood, TA. Heavy menstrual bleeding. Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Med 2016;28:196–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hapangama, DK, Bulmer, JN. Pathophysiology of heavy menstrual bleeding. Women Health (Lond) 2016;12:3–13.Google Scholar
Tsiligiannis, SE, Zaitseva, M, Coombs, PR, et al. Fibroid-associated heavy menstrual bleeding: correlation between clinical features, Doppler ultrasound assessment of vasculature, and tissue gene expression profiles. Reprod Sci 2013;20:361–370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bano, R, Datta, S, Mahmood, TA. Heavy menstrual bleeding. Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Med 2016;26:167–174.Google Scholar
Bryant-Smith, Lethaby, AC Farquhar, A Hickey M, C. Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;4:CD000249.Google ScholarPubMed
Davies, J, Kadir, RA. Heavy menstrual bleeding: an update on management. Thromb Res 2017;151(Suppl. 1):S70–S77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dockeray, CJ, Sheppard, BL, Daly, L, Bonnar, J. The fibrinolytic enzyme system in normal menstruation and excessive uterine bleeding and the effect of tranexamic acid. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1987;24:309–318.Google Scholar
Maybin, JA, Critchley, HO. Medical management of heavy menstrual bleeding. Womens Health (Lond) 2016;12:27–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cameron, IT, Haining, R, Lumsden, MA, Thomas, VR, Smith, SK. The effects of mefenamic acid and norethisterone on measured menstrual blood loss. Obstet Gynecol 1990;76:85–88.Google Scholar
Lethaby, A, Hussain, M, Rishworth, JR, Rees, MC. Progesterone or progestogen‐releasing intrauterine systems for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;4:CD002126.Google Scholar
Younas, K, Hadoura, E, Majoko, F, Bunkheila, A. A review of evidence-based management of uterine fibroids. TOG 2016;18:33–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lethaby, A, Wise, MR, Weterings, MAJ, Bofill Rodriguez, M, Brown, J. Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019;2:CD000154.Google ScholarPubMed
MacGregor, EA, Guillebaud, J. The 7-day contraceptive hormone-free interval should be consigned to history. BMJ Sex Reprod Health 2018;44:214–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Todd, N, Black, A. Contraception for adolescents. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2020;12(Suppl. 1):28–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Health (FSRH). Clinical guideline: combined hormonal contraception (January 2019, amended July 2019).Google Scholar
Irvine, GA, Campbell-Brown, MB, Lumsden, MA, et al. Randomised comparative trial of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system and norethisterone for treatment of idiopathic menorrhagia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998;105:592–598.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fraser, IS. Treatment of ovulatory and anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding with oral progestogens. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1990;30:353–356.Google Scholar
Lethaby, A, Irvine, G, Cameron, I. Cyclical progestogens for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;1:CD001016.Google Scholar
Day Baird, D, Dunson, DB, Hill, MC, Cousins, D, Schectman, JM. High cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and white women: ultrasound evidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:100–107.Google Scholar
Saridogan, E. Surgical treatment of fibroids in heavy menstrual bleeding. Womens Health (Lond) 2016;12:53–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moss, J, Christie, A. Uterine artery embolization for heavy menstrual bleeding. Womens Health (Lond) 2016;12:71–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van der Meij, E, Emanuel, MH. Hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding. Womens Health (Lond) 2016;12:63–69.Google Scholar