Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- Part I The Earth System
- Part II Global Physical Climatology
- Part III Soil Processes
- Part IV Hydrometeorology
- Part V Biometeorology
- 16 Leaf energy fluxes
- 17 Leaf photosynthesis
- 18 Plant canopies
- Part VI Terrestrial Plant Ecology
- Part VII Terrestrial Forcings and Feedbacks
- Index
- Plate section
- References
This chapter is part of a book that is no longer available to purchase from Cambridge Core
18 - Plant canopies
from Part V - Biometeorology
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- Part I The Earth System
- Part II Global Physical Climatology
- Part III Soil Processes
- Part IV Hydrometeorology
- Part V Biometeorology
- 16 Leaf energy fluxes
- 17 Leaf photosynthesis
- 18 Plant canopies
- Part VI Terrestrial Plant Ecology
- Part VII Terrestrial Forcings and Feedbacks
- Index
- Plate section
- References
Summary
Chapter summary
The principles that determine the temperature, energy balance, and the photosynthetic rate of a leaf also determine those of plant canopies when integrated over all leaves in the canopy. These processes are greatly affected by the amount of leaf area, quantified by leaf area index. The vertical profile of leaf area in the canopy affects the distribution of radiation in the canopy and the absorption of radiation by leaves. With low leaf area index, plants absorb little solar radiation, and the overall surface albedo is largely that of soil. The absorption of radiation increases with greater leaf area index, and surface albedo responds more to the optical properties of foliage rather than soil. The integration of leaf processes over the light profile is central to understand the scaling of leaf processes to the canopy. The carbon uptake by a canopy is the integration of the photosynthetic rates of individual leaves, accounting for variations in light and microclimate with depth in the canopy. Similarly, canopy conductance is an aggregate measure of the conductance of individual leaves. The profile of leaf area in the canopy also greatly affects turbulence within the canopy. Counter-gradient fluxes and intermittent turbulence are common and preclude the use of simple models based on diffusion along a concentration gradient. The effects of vegetation on surface fluxes can be modeled by treating the soil–canopy system as an effective bulk surface, or “big leaf,” or by separately modeling soil and vegetation, the latter often represented as several layers of sunlit and shaded leaves.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Ecological ClimatologyConcepts and Applications, pp. 253 - 272Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008
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