As constituted at present, New Zealand's biota and society, as well as those of the other Neo-Europes, are largely products of the runaway propagation and spread of what I call the portmanteau biota, my collective name for the Europeans and all the organisms they brought with them. Understanding its success is the key to understanding the puzzle of the rise of the Neo-Europes.

Adam Smith said of the success of one of the portmanteau biota's more prominent organisms, “In a country neither half-peopled or half-cultivated, cattle naturally multiply beyond the consumption of its inhabitants.” He was among the wisest of men, but neither a historian nor an ecologist, and we might want to ask him why said country is so lightly populated and farmed, and, further, to point out that in most places and most times, with or without humans present, the increase of cattle and indeed all organisms is naturally kept within decent bounds by the actions of predators, parasites, pathogens, and hunger. Events to the contrary were in such profusion in Smith's time as to dazzle his common sense.