Women comprise a minority of entrepreneurs in most developed countries, and are often found running comparatively small, as well as part-time, businesses. Various reasons are investigated for these features of female entrepreneurship, prominent among them being family and childcare factors and the desire among many women entrepreneurs for flexible forms of working. Evidence on the gender venture performance gap in developed countries is first presented, followed by an analysis of various determinants of this gap. Women entrepreneurs often raise less finance for starting their ventures: reasons for this are also explored. The chapter then turns its attention to female entrepreneurship in developing countries, where overt as well covert barriers may be present. The chapter closes with a conclusion about what is known and areas where more research is needed.