- …
unfinished sentence
- all capital letters
stressed prosodically, emphasising the words
- (pause)
a pause of more than two seconds
- =
latching between utterances, which indicates speech or vocal noise concurrent with the previous one
- underline
noted by the author for emphasis
- italics
indicating a word or phrase that will be discussed
- ( )
situational comments, noticeable non-verbal activities
- wo:::rd
prolongation of a sound, stretching the preceding sound: more colons indicate more stretch
- 1:2:3
episode 1, extract 2, speaking turn 3